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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence supporting the view that eosinophilic leukemia exists as a separate entity among myeloproliferative disorders was found in the pathological and histochemical findings in a case of hypereosinophilic disease. Blast cells and eosinophils in all stages of maturity, including unusual atypical eosinophil precursors, were seen in a prominent infiltration of the spleen and the liver. Blasts were far more numerous in the viscera, especially in the liver, than in the marrow and peripheral blood. Enzyme histochemical studies of plastic sections showed that blasts were reactive for cyanide-resistant peroxidase, which is specific for eosinophils, and could therefore be regarded as part of an eosinophilic leukemic proliferation. Some eosinophils showed aberrant reactivity for chloroacetate esterase. The existence of a neoplastic proliferation of eosinophils is consistent with the view that eosinophils represent a distinct marrow line. The possibility that hypereosinophilic patients may harbor a far more prominent blastosis in the viscera than is apparent from marrow and blood picture is also stressed. Finally, a chromosomic abnormality previously described in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with atypical eosinophils in the marrow is for the first time reported in a patient with hypereosinophilic disease.
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PMID:Eosinophilic leukemia with prominent visceral involvement: histopathological and histochemical observations. 640 Jan 94

Monoclonal IgG components were found in the serum of 5 of 40 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (12.5%), as well as in 2 of 15 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (13.3%). These findings may represent an involvement of the lymphoplasmacytic system in myeloproliferative disorders. The significance of this association is discussed.
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PMID:Monoclonal gammopathy in patients with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia. 642 74

Bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from three newborns with Down's syndrome and transient myeloproliferative disorders were cultured in vitro. In the methylcellulose semiliquid system, normal colony formation with maturation and differentiation into granulocytes and monocyte-macrophages were observed in all three patients. This is different from the growth pattern usually seen in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. A maternal serum inhibitor of both normal allogeneic GM-CFU and blast cell growth was also demonstrated, but its role in pathogenesis is uncertain. Normal in vitro granulopoiesis may help to differentiate the transient myeloproliferative syndrome from congenital leukemia in newborns with Down's syndrome.
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PMID:In vitro cell growth in neonates with Down's syndrome and transient myeloproliferative disorder. 645 25

Refractory dysmyelopoietic anemia (RDA) is a myeloproliferative disorder usually of elderly patients which often evolves into acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). AML in such patients is usually considered untreatable with standard aggressive chemotherapy in part because these patients are often elderly, but primarily because of the concern that the bone marrow of these patients no longer has a residual stem cell to repopulate the bone marrow following chemotherapy-induced aplasia. The authors treated three patients (ages 72, 69, and 62 years, respectively) with intensive chemotherapy after RDA evolved into AML. Each patient had been pancytopenic for 3 to 15 months prior to their transition to AML. At the onset of therapy for AML, all were severely pancytopenic with greater than 50% myeloblasts in the bone marrow. All patients had bone marrow aplasia by day 14 after chemotherapy with a complete bone marrow remission and normal peripheral counts by day 26. These data suggest that intensive chemotherapy of AML with prior RDA may result in complete bone marrow remission.
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PMID:Remission of acute myelogenous leukemia in elderly patients with prior refractory dysmyelopoietic anemia. 657 47

A 33 year old man, with pre-existing psoriasis and a family history of multiple occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloproliferative disorders, developed steroid-responsive ulcerating skin lesions, pancytopenia, marrow hypoplasia, hyperglobulinemia and polyarthritis. An abnormal karyotype (47,XY + i(1q] was detected in the bone marrow, and comparison with a case previously reported by Lee et al. Suggested that this abnormality may be significant. His sister, who developed chronic leucocytoclastic vasculitis, had pre-existing psoriasis, variable mild leucopenia and marrow dysplasia. Review of available records of other affected family members documented the occurrence of steroid responsive pancytopenia, knee swelling and terminal lipoid pneumonia in a first cousin. Four other relatives died with acute myeloblastic leukemia and another died with myelofibrosis. Two healthy first degree relatives were subjected to laboratory investigations with essentially negative findings.
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PMID:Dermal necrosis and chromosome Iq abnormality in a man with a familial myeloproliferative disorder. 657 33

A consecutive series of patients (1978-1981) comprising all patients with acute leukaemia from a population of 475000 inhabitants was reviewed. Thus, 94 patients were diagnosed as having acute leukaemia. No patients were lost from follow-up. The incidence figures of ALL and AML differed significantly from those of Sweden as a whole. 9 patients were less than 15 years old. The median age of adult patients was 64 years, 60.8% being greater than or equal to 60 years old. Of adult patients with AML, 20% had a preleukaemic history (chronic myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes and others). None of 6 patients with leukaemia as a metamorphosis of a chronic myeloproliferative disorder achieved a complete remission. The overall remission rate of the remaining adult patients was 25%. Treated patients, 15-39 years old, with AML without any preleukaemic history, had a complete remission rate of 80% compared to 12% for patients greater than or equal to 60 years old with the same diagnosis. Of 60 patients with 'primary' AML, 14 were not treated, mainly because of advanced age and complicating diseases. Most of these patients died within a week of admission.
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PMID:Acute leukaemia in a defined geographic area--incidence, clinical history and prognosis. 659 86

We investigated 20 patients with hematologic disorders who had a clone of cells with a deletion of most of a chromosome #20 long arm (20q-) in the bone marrow. Three patients had polycythemia vera (PV), 6 had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 8 had preleukemia (PL), and 3 had other myeloproliferative disorders. In our laboratory, a 20q- chromosome is found in 6% of patients with PV, 3% of patients with ANLL, and 1% of patients with PL. Among the 6 patients with ANLL and a 20q- abnormality, 3 had erythroleukemia. There were no apparent clinical differences among our patients with 20q- chromosomes compared with other patients with similar disorders who did not have a 20q- chromosome. The breakpoint of the 20q- anomaly, in each instance, was in band 20q11, but it occurred near the centromere at 20q1101 in 16 patients and at the distal part of this band at 20q1109 in 4 patients. Three of the 4 patients with a breakpoint at 20q1109 had PL.
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PMID:Hematologic manifestations associated with deletions of the long arm of chromosome 20. 671 60

The serum concentration of free kappa and lambda light chains of immunoglobulins were measured in 114 patients with myelo- and lymphoproliferative disorders including multiple myeloma. Increased concentrations of a single light chain type, suggesting monoclonal origin, were found with high frequency in B-cell diseases only. Thus 6 out of 9 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia and 24 of 28 patients with multiple myeloma had increased concentrations of a single chain type. The highest values reported in chronic lymphatic leukaemia were approximately 10 and in multiple myeloma 1000 times normal mean. Cytostatic treatment of chronic lymphatic leukaemia was followed by a decrease in the light chain levels. The levels were, however, not correlated to the number of circulating lymphocytes, the lymphatic infiltration of tissue or clinical activity. Increased concentrations of both chain types, suggesting a polyclonal origin, were found in both of 2 patients with acute monocytic leukaemia, 6 of 7 with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, 2 of 23 with acute myeloid leukaemia and 1 of 7 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The highest levels of light chains in these groups were 5 times normal mean. All patients with myeloproliferative disorders revealed normal values of both light chain types.
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PMID:Free light chains of immunoglobulins in serum from patients with leukaemias and multiple myeloma. 681 Apr 51

The in vitro granulopoietic effects of adherent bone marrow fibroblastic cells (FC) were studied in normal humans and in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). To determine their influence on granulopoiesis, we established FC in liquid-phase cultures, overlaid the adherent FC with normal bone marrow cells in agar, and subsequently measured the growth of CFU-C. When using target marrows containing few spontaneous colonies, increased numbers of CFU-C were found above the FC obtained from normals. No growth greater than controls was observed in those areas lacking FC. If target marrows contained large numbers of spontaneous CFU-C, actual inhibition of colony formation was produced by FC co-incubation. In contrast to normals, FC obtained from untreated AML and MPD patients typically failed to enhance granulopoiesis. Regardless of source, FC were not synergistic with the effects of placenta-conditioned media (typically being inhibitory) for colony number, but were synergistic for colony size. Conditioned media obtained from FC cultures did not enhance colony formation and actually inhibited spontaneous colony formation. Thus, microenvironmental abnormalities in interactions between "stromal cells" and hematopoietic progenitors may be important in the pathogenesis and clinical expression of hematopoietic malignancies in humans.
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PMID:Granulopoietic effects of human bone marrow fibroblastic cells and abnormalities in the "granulopoietic microenvironment". 694 47

Between 1976 and 1979 a myeloproliferative disease associated with cells monosomic for chromosome number 7 in the bone marrow was seen in six boys aged 5 1/2 months to 8 years (median 10 months). Presenting features included hepatosplenomegaly (5/6), respiratory infections (4/6), pallor (2/6) and skin infections (1/6). Haematological features included a leucoerythroblastic anaemia with leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia, and a hyperplastic marrow with a slight excess of blasts. Fetal haemoglobin was normal in four patients and mildly raised in the other two. Neutrophil function tests showed defective chemotaxis with reduced killing, despite a normal NBT test. Cytogenetic analysis of the marrow showed a preponderance of cells with monosomy 7; the blood lymphocytes were cytogenetically normal. In three patients the disease progressed to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) after 3 weeks to 23 months; the only patient who remitted did so in response to 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone, but relapsed 16 months later. A fourth child developed massive splenomegaly which initially responded to 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone, but progressed to myelofibrosis 11 months later. A fifth child died from anaemia and respiratory infection without progression to leukaemia and the sixth patient has not yet developed leukaemia. Monosomy 7 is the diagnostic criterion of one of the more common myeloproliferative states in childhood and carries a high risk of progression to AML. The acute phase is usually resistant to chemotherapy, but even in responsive cases treatment does not result in elimination of the abnormal clone. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation should be considered in cases with a suitable donor.
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PMID:Monosomy 7 in childhood: a myeloproliferative disorder. 694 67


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