Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) with trisomy 11 as the sole chromosome abnormality are reported. A simple trisomy 11 also has been reported in 11 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, including CMMoL and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in the literature. From data on these 13 patients, leukemia with trisomy 11 may be characterized by a nonlymphoid origin and myelomonocytic features. Patients with this abnormality were mostly elderly, and often had a preleukemic phase and a short survival. We propose that trisomy 11 and nonlymphocytic leukemia with myelomonocytic features may be a new association in human neoplasia.
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PMID:Trisomy 11 in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: report of two cases and review of the literature. 327 88

Monosomy 7 is found in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplasia and is characteristic of a rare chronic myeloproliferative disease (MPD) of young children. We have seen 16 children with monosomy 7. Their clinical features and response to treatment are discussed. Monosomy 7 diseases appear to have a particularly poor prognosis. The AML is often resistant to treatment and relapse is common. Children with chronic MPD die of bone marrow failure or evolve to AML or myelofibrosis. We have treated these children intensively with combination chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Four children with MPD received supportive care and low dose chemotherapy alone. They all died, surviving between 4 months and 4 years. Six children with MPD received intensive chemotherapy: three remitted, one relapsing after 9 months, the others remaining in remission at 18 months and 3 years. One child with MPD has undergone successful BMT and survives 7 1/2 years after presentation. Remission was achieved in three of four cases of AML. They all relapsed within 9 months. Bone marrow transplantation was successful in one child with myelofibrosis. Intensive chemotherapy and early bone marrow transplantation is likely to offer these children their best chance of survival.
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PMID:Childhood monosomy 7 revisited. 328 6

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) is characterized by pyrexia, neutrophilia, and the abrupt appearance of erythematous, painful, cutaneous plaques, primarily on the upper extremities, head, and neck. Histologically, the salient feature is a dense dermal infiltrate of neutrophils. Approximately 10 to 15 percent of published cases of Sweet's syndrome occurred in patients with cancer. This report reviews the 39 patients with malignancy-associated Sweet's syndrome described in the world literature and compares Sweet's syndrome in cancer patients with the idiopathic form of the disease. The most common associated malignancy was acute myelogenous leukemia. However, other myeloproliferative disorders, lymphoproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndrome, and carcinomas have been observed. Importantly, the diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome was often the presenting sign of a new or recurrent tumor. The presence of anemia, abnormal platelet counts, immature cells in the differential, and/or severe vesiculobullous or ulcerative cutaneous lesions is infrequent in idiopathic Sweet's syndrome and should alert physicians to the possibility of a more serious underlying disease. Extracutaneous manifestations may occur and most often involve the musculoskeletal system. Response to systemic steroids is dramatic in virtually all patients, regardless of the presence of malignancy.
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PMID:Sweet's syndrome and malignancy. 330 Mar 6

Massive sludging of leukaemic cells in blood vessels is a frequent and often lethal complication of leukaemia. In a retrospective clinicopathological study on the causes of death in 52 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and myeloproliferative disease, pulmonary leucostasis was found in 40% of the patients. In many of these patients the vessels of the heart, brain and testes were also involved. In search for signs and symptoms specific for leucostasis, the clinical records of the 21 patients with leucostasis (the study group) were compared to those of 20 patients without leucostasis (the control group). Dysfunction of the organs most affected by leucostasis, namely lungs, heart and brain, was found more often in the study group than in the controls, but the combination of unexplained fever with cardiopulmonary and/or central nervous system failure occurred almost exclusively and in half of the patients with leucostasis. Leucostasis occurs predominantly, but not exclusively, in patients with high leucocyte counts, and especially, but again not exclusively, when the leucocyte counts rise sharply.
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PMID:Leucostasis, an underestimated cause of death in leukaemia. 333 18

The fate of the polycythaemic patient depends on the treatment employed which may determine the nature of the transformation commonly occurring late in the course of the disease. Treatment is, on the other hand, aimed at prevention of the most frequent complications, that is of thromboembolic processes. In the last 30 years the authors treated a total of 118 PV patients, of whom 60 have died. Initially 32P treatment was applied, which was modified later, because of acute leukaemia that had occurred in 9% of the treated cases, to a single 5 mC 32P+Myelobromol (DBM) treatment. Still later only DBM was administered in the form of stosstherapy (2500 mg per day over a period of 4 days). In the latter two groups, acute leukaemia occurred as few as two cases. The course of untreated polycythaemia vera is characterized by transformation into another myeloproliferative disease. This phenomenon occurs in 50% of the cases on drastic treatment and in patients treated with 32P. Of the patients who were alive when the report was finished 35% had been free of complications, while 5.2% were suffering from chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), 34.5% from sclerotic osteo-myelofibrosis (OMF-SC) and 3.4% from chronic megakaryocytic granulocytiv leukaemia (CMGL). Of the 60 patients having died, 15% had suffered from other complications being predominantly of vascular nature. 11.8% of them died of AML, 10% of CGL, 26.7% of OMF-SC and 26.7% of CMGL. The terminal stage was characterized, in the majority of cases, by blastic crisis. Based on their own results and literary data authors recommend DBM treatment besides the indispensable phlebotomy.
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PMID:Course and transformation of polycythaemia vera in relation to therapy. 341 64

Several large cohorts of patients treated with alkylating agents served as a means to review the clinical and pathologic features of 55 cases of myelopathic disorders that resulted. The incidence was 1.8% overall and consisted of five patients (9.9%) who developed bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia, 15 (27.2%) who developed a myelodysplastic syndrome, and 35 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (62.9%). The median time to recognition of MPD was 14 months, following cessation of chemotherapy. The distribution of the treatment-related MDS cases was different than "de novo" MDS with a high percentage of RAEB-T, and with the treatment related AMLs, there were a higher percentage of patients with FAB M6 (erythroleukemia), and no cases of FAB M3 (hypergranular promyelocytic). The median survival of all patients was very brief.
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PMID:Acute myeloid leukemia and other myelopathic disorders following treatment with alkylating agents. 350 35

Two further cases with myeloproliferative disorders (a child with smoldering leukemia and a young male with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of FAB type M2) and a translocation t(6;9)(p23;q34) are described. Special attention is paid to environmental factors and the early age of onset of patients within the group of leukemias with this specific translocation. In one of our cases a secondary chromosomal anomaly has arisen, which is comparable with another case from the literature.
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PMID:Translocation (6;9)(p23;q34) in smoldering leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 356 80

N4-Palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (PL-AC) was administered p.o. to 199 patients with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Of 76 patients with AML, 11 achieved complete remission (CR) and 7 achieved partial remission (PR). Of 8 patients with ALL, 2 achieved CR and 1 achieved PR. Of 3 patients with blast crisis of MPD, 1 achieved CR. CR was reached with PL-AC at 100-900 mg/day after 5-98 (median 26) days. Of 50 patients with MDS, 2 achieved CR, 2 showed good response and 7 partial response. Response was reached with 100-400 mg/day after 13-122 (median 32) days. Improvement of polycythemia vera was observed in 6 of 13 patients, and reduction of thrombocytosis was observed in 20 of 23 patients with essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis. Of 18 patients with CML, 1 achieved CR. Major side effects were GI toxicities and myelosuppression. In spite of the disadvantages of the oral form of the drug, such as unpredictable absorption, PL-AC may be useful in the treatment of acute leukemia, especially that of the aged, a condition for which intensive chemotherapy is not always indicated, and MDS, which do not necessarily require admission to a hospital.
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PMID:[A phase II study of N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (PL-AC) in patients with acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Cooperative Study Group for PL-AC]. 361 59

Immune cells cultured in vitro against autologous blast cells were infused twice in 8 patients with ANLL after achieving complete remission. 3 of the 8 patients remained in first remission for 74-94 months and they appeared to be cured of their leukaemia. These 3 patients received significantly higher numbers of in vitro sensitized immune cells as well as having a better recovery of the in vitro cultured cells. The other 5 patients relapsed within a year of diagnosis; 3 of them had had organomegaly and a preceding myeloproliferative disorder at diagnosis. None of 20 ANLL patients in complete remission treated simultaneously with similar chemotherapy at our institution remained in first complete remission, nor were long-term survivors. Adoptive immunotherapy with in vitro sensitized immune cells may be effective treatment in acute leukaemia. The therapeutic potential of infusion of in vitro stimulated autologous immune cells requires further investigation.
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PMID:Adoptive immunotherapy for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia: a long-term follow up. 370 45

N4-Palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (PLAC) was administered PO to 76 patients with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), and myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Of 20 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, 2 achieved complete remission, and the only patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia achieved partial remission. Remission was reached with PLAC 100-300 mg/day 25-66 days after the start of therapy. Among 22 patients with MDS, 1 patient achieved a good response and 8 achieved partial response. Responses were reached with PLAC 50-200 mg/day 7-153 days (median, 33 days) after the start of therapy. Improvement of polycythemia was observed in all 5 patients with polycythemia vera, and reduction of thrombocytosis was observed in 5 out of 6 patients with essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis. An antileukemia effect was noted in 1 of 5 with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Major side effects were gastrointestinal toxicities and myelosuppression. In spite of the disadvantages, such as unpredictable absorption and a lower response rate to acute leukemia compared with its parent compound, this antileukemia Ara-C analogue that is administrable PO will be useful in the treatment of MDSs and MPDs, which do not necessarily require admission to hospital, and in the treatment of acute leukemia of the aged, a condition for which intensive chemotherapy is not appropriate.
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PMID:Treatment of leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes with orally administered N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. 371 96


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