Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and one of malignant myeloproliferative syndrome were identified from a pool of 189 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and CLL treated primarily with extensive radiotherapy at the Clinical Center, the National Institutes of Health. Four patients also received chemotherapy, two for only short periods. The median time interval from the diagnosis of the primary malignancy to the development of leukemia was 61 months (range 33 to 98 months) and the median survival after the diagnosis of leukemia was two months (0 to 9 months). All eight patients were cytogenetically abnormal and serial chromosome studies revealed that hypodiploidy was the most commonly observed chromosomal abnormality. Abnormalities of chromosome no. 7 were seen in all five patients analyzed by the chromosome banding technique; four of them had monosomy 7. The next most frequently involved chromosome was no. 5. The complexity, extensive nature, and long duration of the cytogenetic abnormalities prior to the diagnosis of leukemia in these patients may be characteristic of secondary leukemia in radiation-treated lymphoma and the presence of such anomalies may predict leukemic transformation.
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PMID:Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloproliferative syndrome following radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: cytogenetic studies. 49 31

Seven cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and one case of a malignant myeloproliferative syndrome have been seen after extensive radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A myeloproliferative syndrome with abnormalities in granulocytic, erythrocytic, and thrombocytic cell lines was present in all patients and in seven patients preceded ANLL by 2--18 months. The median time to the development of ANLL after primary disease therapy was 61 months (33--98 range). The leukemia was extremely refractory to therapy and median survival after diagnosis of ANLL was two months (range 0--9 months). Leukemia was seen only in those patients who received multiple courses and multiple techniques of radiation therapy.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloproliferative syndrome following radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical studies. 49 58

Fifteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia have been randomized for treatment with daunorubicin (1.0--1.5 mg/kg) either as the free drug (for 45 min or 4 h) or as the drug bound to a DNA carrier (for 5--6 h). The correlation between plasma kinetics of daunorubicin and its main metabolite daunorubicinol and the different administration schedules of daunorubicin has been studied by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration kinetics of daunorubicin as well as the daunorubicin-DNA complex was biphasic in character. Maximum plasma level of daunorubicin was found during the infusion period. Its concentration decreased rapidly when the infusion stopped and was below the detection limit of the analytical method 2--4 h later. The data suggests a slower disposition of the duanorubicin-DNA complex compared with the free drug.
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PMID:Liquid chromatographic monitoring of daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in plasma from leukemic patients treated with daunorubicin or the daunorubicin-DNA complex. 49 13

Forty-six previously untreated patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were treated with a remission induction regimen consisting of three daily doses of Adriamycin (30 mg/m2/day) and a ten-day continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside (ara C) (100 mg/m2/day). The overall remission rate was 72%, with 88% of the patients less than 50 and 62% of patients greater than 50 years old achieving complete remission status. Thirty-one of the 33 complete remissions occurred after a single course of chemotherapy. Retrospective comparison of this regimen with its predecessor (identical, except that a seven-day infusion of ara C was administered) demonstrated that the increase in duration of ara C administration resulted in greater antileukemic effectiveness without an increase in hematologic toxicity to the patient.
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PMID:Remission induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: comparison of a seven-day and ten-day infusion of cytosine arabinoside in combination with adriamycin. 54 91

Bone marrow cells freshly aspirated from the 10 consecutive untreated adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were cultured by 2 different methods: the conventional agar culture method for myeloid colony formation and its modification by daily feeding with culture medium. In 5 patients, colonies grew in much higher numbers (4.7-to 330-fold) with feeding than without. Three patients grew colonies only with feeding. Two of these 3 patients required L-ascorbic acid in the fed medium for colony growth. Colonies did not grow from the remaining 2 patients by any method. In 7 patients the number of colonies grown with feeding were much higher, up to 170 times higher, than were those from normal control marrows, which grew the same number of colonies regardless of feeding or L-ascorbic acid. Peroxidase and Wright's stains indicated the myeloid differentiation of the cells in the leukemic marrow colonies. The leukemic origin of the colonies was proven by chromosomal analysis. The wide range of linearity between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies grown permits quantitative assay of colony-forming leukemic cells. This assay should be valuable for studies of chemotherapy, growth regulation, and differentiation of leukemic cells.
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PMID:Improved growth of in vitro colonies in human acute leukemia with the feeding culture method. 56 10

Retrospective and prospective observations have established the existence of a recognizable hematologic syndrome preceding the development of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. This syndrome, which has been termed the "preleukemic syndrome" or "hemopoietic dysplasia", appears to be a stage in a multiphasic myeloproliferative disorder, rather than a separable disease with a propensity to develop leukemia. All products of the marrow stem cell are involved. The panmyelopathy begins as a red cell disease (eg, a refractory or sideroblastic anemia) and progresses to involve megakaryocytes and platelets and finally granulocytes or monocytes, or both; the terminal event is acute nonlymphocytic (myelomonoblastic) leukemia. Prospective documentation is needed in order to define the natural course of this marrow disease. Such studies are now in progress and should provide important information concerning the pathophysiology of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of the preleukemic syndrome (hemopoietic dysplasia). 62 Sep 25

Acute leukemia is no longer an uncommon disease among the middle-aged and elderly. In recent years, treatment programs available for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia have improved dramatically. While remission rates in patients over age 50 are not as high as in younger age groups, combination chemotherapy is effective in a significant number of older patients, and complete remissions can be obtained in 20 to 50%. Recent years have also witnessed much progress in the ability to provide essential supportive therapy during periods of marrow hypoplasia. Because acute leukemia is uniformly fatal if untreated, aggressive therapy should be made available to all these patients, regardless of age.
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PMID:Treating acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 62 Sep 34

The prognostic significance of the pretreatment growth characteristics of marrow blasts was examined in 37 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) treated with a similar therapeutic regimen. Initial mitotic index (MI) and in vitro 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI) were broadly distributed showing no correlation to other initial variables, such as age or absolute blast count. No relationship whatsoever was observed between the pretreatment LI, MI and either the likelihood of achieving a complete remission or the remission and survival length. We conclude that the initial growth characteristics of marrow blasts do not play a significant role in predicting the therapeutic response in ANLL; age, modality of therapy and, possibly, the dynamic perturbations of the proliferative activity of the blast cells induced by treatment should be regarded as more reliable prognostic indicators in ANLL.
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PMID:Lack of prognostic significance of the pretreatment labeling and mitotic indices of marrow blasts in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). 63 60

In 1954 a then 31-yr-old male was found to have erythrocytosis. Over the ensuing decade he received 72 mCi32P. In 1964 his daughters were found to have erythrocytosis. Further investigation led to the discovery of hemoglobin Yakima, a variant with high oxygen affinity. He received no further therapy and was well until 1975, when he developed the preleukemic syndrome. Within 12 mo. he developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia accompanied by fetal erythropoiesis. Because the inital discovery of this type of hemoglobinopathy came 27 yr after the introduction of 32P for use in the treatment of polycythemia vera, and because there are now known to be more than 39 different high-oxygen-affinity hemoglobins, we anticipate that more patients such as ours have been exposed to 32P. The exposed population should be cosely followed, since this will likely permit assessment of the risk of 32P-induced leukemia in a nonneoplastic condition.
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PMID:32P and acute leukemia: development of leukemia in a patient with hemoglobin Yakima. 66 62

Patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were given remission induction therapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline. Those patients who experienced complete remission received two courses of consolidation therapy and were randomized to receive maintenance therapy consisting of either daily chemotherapy with reinforcements every 3 mo or reinforcement therapy only every 6 wk. The overall complete remission rate was 66%, with 80% complete remission for previously untreated patients less than 60 yr of age who did not have a prior history of malignancy. Remission durations were the same for patients treated with both maintenance regimens. The major determinant for successful remission induction therapy was patient age, with older patients frequently succumbing to intercurrent infection. Documented leukemic cell resistance to the therapy employed was only rarely encountered. Once remission was achieved, age was no longer a determinant of patient survival, since duration of remission was independent of age. Remission durations were directly related to leukemic cell retention of cytosine arabinoside triphosphate. Hence therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia can be divided into two separate areas: remission induction and remission maintenance.
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PMID:Treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: use of anthracycline-cytosine arabinoside induction therapy and comparison of two maintenance regimens. 76 Aug 61


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