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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surprisingly few cases of Down's syndrome with acute leukemia have been documented by chromosome banding studies of the leukemia cells. We studied a Down's syndrome child with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and found that, including this case, only 24 cases of Down's syndrome and acute leukemia have been reported with chromosome banding analysis. Twenty-three of the patients had a trisomy 21 chromosome complement, whereas, one had a translocation. The types of acute leukemia included acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute monoblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and erythroleukemia. Only three cases had chromosomes missing from the leukemic cells. Sixteen of the 24 patients had extra chromosomes in their malignant cells. Chromosomes #8 and #21 were extra in six cases each and chromosomes #19 and #22 were extra in four cases each. Chromosome rearrangements were observed in nine cases. Three of the nine cases had partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome #6. Cases of Down's syndrome with acute leukemia need to be reported with high-resolution chromosome banding of the leukemia cells. There is as yet no clear chromosome clue as to the precise basis of the etiologic association between Down's syndrome and acute leukemia.
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PMID:Chromosome clues to acute leukemia in Down's syndrome. 293 45

After initial French-American-British (FAB) diagnosis by a multiinstitutional Southwest Oncology Group panel, slides of acute leukemia cases were recirculated to panel members for second review. The reproducibility of the FAB classification is analyzed. The classification is reproducible in the 70% range in panel reviewer hands and allows remarkable reproducibility in the morphologic and cytochemical distinction of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The limitations of a morphologic and cytochemical classification of acute leukemia are discussed. A simplification of the FAB system, merging M1, M2, and M4 as M7, is proposed; this simplification improves the system's reproducibility.
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PMID:Reproducibility of the French-American-British classification of acute leukemia: the Southwest Oncology Group Experience. 298 67

Determination of AK types in 372 patients of Hematologic Clinic, revealed in many cases changes in electrophoretic pattern of AK1 type namely the occurrence of an additional protein band. These changes were observed mostly in the acute granulocytic leukemia, lymphoblastic leukemia, and aplastic anemia. In the chronic granulocytic leukemia they were present as a rule, during the blastic crisis. Phenotypic changes were transient and the repeated examinations showed disappearance of an additional band in some patients. Etiology of the changes observed is still unclear.
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PMID:AK phenotypic changes observed in some hematologic diseases. 302 2

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), the most abundant neutrophil protein, is a bacteriocidal component of the primary granules and a critical marker in distinguishing acute myelogenous leukemia from acute lymphoid leukemia. A cDNA clone for human MPO was isolated by immunologic screening of human hematopoietic lambda gt11 expression vector libraries with specific anti-MPO antibody. The identity of the cDNA clone was confirmed by finding that epitope-selected antibody against this clone recognizes purified MPO and MPO in human promyelocytic (HL-60) cell lysates by immunoblot analysis, and that hybrid selection of HL-60 mRNA with this cDNA clone and translation in vitro results in the synthesis of an 80-kDa protein recognized by the anti-MPO antiserum. RNA blot analysis with this MPO cDNA clone detects hybridization to two polyadenylylated transcripts of approximately 3.6 and approximately 2.9 kilobases in HL-60 cells. No hybridization is detected to human placenta mRNA. Upon induction of HL-60 cells to differentiate by incubation for 4 days with dimethyl sulfoxide, a drastic decrease in the hybridization intensity of these two bands is seen. This is consistent with previous data suggesting a decrease in MPO synthesis upon such induction of these cells. The MPO cDNA should be useful for further molecular and genetic characterization of MPO and its expression and biosynthesis in normal and leukemic granulocytic differentiation.
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PMID:cDNA cloning of human myeloperoxidase: decrease in myeloperoxidase mRNA upon induction of HL-60 cells. 303 62

From July 1980 to November 1985, 109 patients with acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia who had reached a complete remission (CR) following induction treatment were assigned to a study comparing marrow transplantation with chemotherapy as a postremission treatment. Sixty-nine patients did not have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donor, and therefore served as chemotherapy controls; 40 patients had HLA-identical donors, and therefore were assigned to the transplant arm. Of these, 23 were transplanted in first remission and 17 were not. Ten of these 17 were subsequently transplanted in relapse. Initially, only patients with poor prognosis determined by a predictive model were entered into the study. Subsequently, patients with moderately poor prognosis were admitted. Comparing the chemotherapy group with the patients transplanted in first CR, significant control of leukemia relapse in transplanted patients was seen in the subgroup with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (P less than .1), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (P less than .01), in the poor (P = .01) and intermediate subgroup (P = .01), and in the good-prognostic groups (P = .05). The survival was affected significantly in only the poor and intermediate subgroups. The use of predictive models might help to select patients for whom bone marrow transplantation is appropriate in first remission and those for whom bone marrow transplantation can be left as the initial treatment of relapse. Predictive models could further be helpful in comparing studies performed at different transplant centers.
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PMID:A comparison of marrow transplantation with chemotherapy for adults with acute leukemia of poor prognosis in first complete remission. 304 49

Recent advances in the modulation of cell kinetics with growth factors suggest that the effect of cycle-specific cytostatic drugs can be enhanced by combination with such factors. The truth of this hypothesis was investigated by studying the effect of phytohemagglutinin and/or interleukin 2 on the sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX) of normal T lymphocytes and of lymphoblasts of a patient with acute T-cell lymphoid leukemia. In both cases, inhibition of proliferation by MTX was increased from less than 30% in resting cells or those suboptimally stimulated, in the case of leukemic blasts, to 68-83% in maximally stimulated cells. Similar results were observed when the AML 193 human myeloid leukemia line was stimulated with human recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulation factor (GM-CSF). Under basal proliferation conditions, the addition of 1 microgram/ml and 10 micrograms/ml MTX was followed by 48% and 72% inhibition respectively. When 1 ng/ml GM-CSF (40 I.U./ml) was present, these figures rose to 89% and 91%. It is thus clear that growth factor-induced cell proliferation increases sensitivity to cycle-specific cytostatic agents. There is thus a biological premise for new perspectives in antineoplastic therapy.
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PMID:Enhancement of methotrexate cytotoxicity by modulation of proliferative activity in normal and neoplastic T lymphocytes and in a myeloid leukemia cell line. 306 71

We have studied the effects of cryopreservation on the viability and on the expression of surface antigens of acute leukemia cells. Marrow samples were obtained at initial diagnosis from 89 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). In AML, the mean viability was greater than 90% in the types M1, M4, and M5 of the French-American-British classification, 79% in M2, and 3% in M3 types. The viability was 74% in AUL. In ALL, the viability was 95% for pre-B leukemias, but only 2% in T-cell leukemias. The expression of myeloid antigens was studied before and after freezing and thawing using three monoclonal antibodies (NHL30.5, against poorly differentiated granulocytic leukemias, VIMC6 against differentiated granulocytic leukemias and granulocytes; and UCHM1 or CRIS-6, against monocytic leukemias and monocytes). The percentage of cells stained by NHL30.5 and UCHM1 or CRIS-6 was very similar before and after cryopreservation. For VIMC6, the mean staining after cryopreservation was 60% of the initial one. In pre-B ALL, the stainings by anti common ALL antigen before and after cryopreservation were also very similar. We conclude that leukemic cryopreserved cells are suitable for immunologic studies. The recovery is, however, very low in promyelocytic AML and T-cell ALL.
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PMID:Expression of immunological markers on leukemic cells before and after cryopreservation and thawing. 316 12

We have previously described the detection and partial characterization of a common myelogenous leukemia-associated antigen (CAMAL), in CGL and ANLL patients. Both polyclonal and monoclonal (CAMAL-1) antibodies have been raised to p70 (CAMAL) and have been shown to react with both p70 and myeloid leukemia cell preparations. p70 (CAMAL) has been shown to be a monomeric protein of Mr 70,000 and pI 7.2 and was also detectable in the myeloid leukemia cell lines HL60, KG1, K562 and U937, but not in the lymphocytic cell lines Molt-4, Hut-78 and CEM by immunoprecipitation from iodinated cell samples. Using [35S] methionine-labeled cell lines and immunoprecipitation, we have demonstrated the constitutive expression of p70 as well as a major component at p58 and a number at lower molecular weights in the myeloid leukemia cell lines HL60, KG1, K562 and U937, but not in the lymphocytic leukemia cell lines Molt-4, Hut-78 and CEM. The implications of these observations are discussed.
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PMID:Expression of a leukemia-associated antigen (CAMAL) in four myeloid leukemia cell lines. 317 16

In a prospective analysis of the diagnostic value of immunophenotyping in acute leukemias (ALs), all patients admitted to a pediatric and a haematological department suspected of AL were examined consecutively with a selected panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against leucocyte differentiation antigens during an 8-month period. A total of 189 samples obtained from blood, bone marrow, spinal fluid and lymph nodes in 120 cases were all analysed blindly. The results were correlated with a routine morphological/cytochemical evaluation. Differing results were obtained in seven out of 38 cases in which the immunologically defined diagnosis was acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and in one out of 21 cases with the primary diagnosis acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Immunological phenotyping disclosed two cases of hybrid leukemia, one case of biphenotypic and one case of bilineal leukemia. No evidence of malignancy was found in 36 cases, 30 cases of blood and bone marrow and six cases of spinal fluids, in every case in accordance with the pathological examination. These results demonstrate that a first-line immunological evaluation of bone marrow, blood and spinal fluid from patients suspected of AL is highly capable of discriminating between different malignant and nonmalignant haematological diseases and also between various types of leukemias. The immunological methods do, however, require a sufficient amount of material which was a limiting factor in 14 out of 120 examinations, mainly from patients treated with several cycles of cytostatics. It is concluded that immunophenotyping can be used as a first-line diagnostic tool in malignant haematological diseases.
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PMID:First-line diagnosis based on immunological phenotyping in suspected acute leukemia: a prospective study. 319 15

Fifty cases of acute leukemia were analyzed by means of flow cytometry. The results obtained were correlated with morphology and routine cytochemistries. The panel selected was useful in classifying an acute leukemia as acute lymphocytic (ALL) or acute nonlymphocytic (ANLL), which is of primary importance for therapeutic considerations. Common ALL (CALLA) (J5) was a good marker for classifying the leukemia as ALL. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) T1 and/or T11 further delineated the lymphoid leukemia as T-cell ALL while MoAbs B4 or B1 delineated the lymphoid leukemia as non-T-cell ALL. Eighteen cases of ALL were diagnosed and consisted of five cases of T-cell ALL and 13 cases of non-T-cell ALL. Both the T-cell ALL cases and non-T-cell ALL cases were found to be heterogeneous and could be further subgrouped by phenotypic expression with additional MoAbs in the panel. A monoclonal antibody panel consisting of My4, My7, My9, Mo1, and Mo2 was useful in characterizing an acute leukemia as ANLL. This panel was less useful in distinguishing myeloid from monocytic subtypes although My4, Mo1, or Mo2 when present, appeared to favor a monocytic component. Of interest, a case of biclonal leukemia with two distinct blast populations on the flow cytogram was discovered. Morphology alone was successful in diagnosing ALL from ANLL in 35 cases (70%). It was not useful in distinguishing non-T-ALL cases from T-ALL cases. The ambiguous cases could be resolved by cytometric means. Flow cytometry has much to offer as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of acute leukemia.
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PMID:Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of acute leukemia. 325 16


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