Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia and blast cell counts greater than 100 X 10(9)/1 (100 000/mm3) died unexpectedly soon after blood transfusion. In two cases postmortem examination disclosed cerebral leukostasis. Analysis of the records from the MRC's fourth and fifth acute myeloid leukaemia trials showed that in the first week after diagnosis mortality was five times greater in patients with blast counts above 100 X 10(9)/1 than in patients with lower counts. Age and platelet count did not explain this excess. The mean haemoglobin concentration in the patients with high blast counts who died within the first week was 10.5 +/- 2.8 g/dl, which was significantly higher than that in the surviving group (7.6 +/- 2.4 g/dl). Only half the patients received chemotherapy within two days of diagnosis. Leukostasis is an important cause of early death in patients with high blast counts, and the increase in viscosity produced by transfusing to a haemoglobin concentration above 10 g/dl may lead to sudden deterioration. Transfusion to such concentrations should be avoided until the blast count has been reduced by early chemotherapy.
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PMID:Leukostasis associated with blood transfusion in acute myeloid leukaemia. 27 61

Among 195 patients with variants of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), a minimum of 11 met our criteria of smouldering AML: patients with less than 30% of blast cells plus promyelocytes in the bone marrow at the time of diagnosis who were observed without specific antileukemic therapy for a period of at least 6 months without entering a fulminant stage of the disease. These patients were older than other patients with AML, they had initially relatively few infections, bled rarely, and did not enter the fullblown clinical picture typical of acute leukemia until the last months of life. For these 11 patients the median survival time was 29 months from the time of diagnosis. Patients with smouldering leukemia shall be observed carefully and not be given specific antileukemic therapy, at least not before they flare into a blast crisis. Transfusions, antibiotics and a small dose of prednisone should be given when necessary.
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PMID:Smouldering acute myelogenous leukemia. 27 68

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine diphosphate choline was formed from 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) during incubation in vitro of peripheral myeloblasts from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and cultured cells (nonleukemic human lymphocytes, mouse lymphoma L5178Y, and HeLa); as well, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine diphosphate choline was formed in vivo in mouse leukemia L1210 cells and mouse liver. 3-Deazauridine enhanced the anabolism of ara-C in nonleukemic lymphocytes in vitro and leukemia L1210 cells in vivo but did not influence ara-C anabolism in the other cell types. In acute myelogenous leukemia myeloblasts incubated in vitro with ara-C, concentrations of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate were maximal after 8 hr of incubation and formation of the latter preceded that of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine diphosphate choline.
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PMID:Formation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine diphosphate choline in neoplastic and normal cells. 27 75

Serum lysozyme activity was measured in samples from children with acute leukemia, malignant tumours, and in normal children. All children with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) had significantly reduced levels of lysozyme at diagnosis, and none of the children fell within the normal range. Children with ALL in complete remission had lysozyme levels comparable to normal chidren, while children with ALL in relapse also had pathological low levels. Children with ALL in remission and off therapy also had normal levels of lysozyme. Children with acute myelogenous leukemia had normal lysozyme levels, while children with monomyelocytic leukemia had substantially elevated lysozyme levels before treatment. Determination of serum lysozyme activity in children with acute leukemia is of value both for diagnosis and for evaluating the effect of therapy.
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PMID:Serum lysozyme activity in children with acute leukemia. 27 70

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was studied in the leukemic cells of 12 patients, 10 with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 1 with Ph1-negative CML, and 1 with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Except for two patients in the blastic phase of CML, the SCE values were within the normal range [3.8 +/- 6.4 (S.D.) SCE/cell; normal is 3.3 +/- 2.2 SCE/cell]. In the two cases with the blastic phase of CML, the values were 7.6 +/- 3.2 and 8.9 +/- 4.7 SCE/cell, a statistically significant difference from the control values. However, in the patient with acute myeoblastic leukemia, the SCE incidence increased from 3.6 to 24.4 SCE per cell when therapy was changed to daunorubicin and vincristine and the disease became progressive. Further studies on SCE and leukemia may prove the usefulness of this determination for therapeutic and clinical purposes.
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PMID:Sister chromatid exchange in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive leukemia. 27 86

One hundred patients were entered in a cooperative study comparing the efficacy of two different regimens in the induction treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Patients were randomly allocated to receive either the DAT or VAT combination; half of the patients were also randomized to receive CNS prophylaxis including intrathecal methotrexate + prednisone and cranial irradiation. Consolidation and maintenance therapy were uniform in responding patients. Out of 82 evaluable patients 41 (50%) attained complete remission (CR) with no significant difference between the two regimens. Median remission duration was slightly longer in the DAT group (32.5 vs 22 weeks); median survival was 34 weeks for all evaluable patients with no difference between the two schedules. Meningeal relapse occurred only in two patients after 19 and 99 weeks of continuous remission. Fourteen patients are still alive after 61 to greater than or equal to 155 weeks, of whom seven are in their initial remission (six in the DAT and one in the VAT group). We conclude that 1) DAT and VAT are equally effective in inducing CR in a high proportion of ANLL patients; 2) until marrow remission can be prolonged significantly, preventing CNS leukemia will not have any significant impact of the course of ANLL.
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PMID:Daunomycin, cytosine arabinoside and 6-thioguanine (DAT) vs vincristine, cytosine arabinoside and 6-thioguanine (VAT) in the induction treatment of acute nonlymphocyte leukemia: a randomized collaborative study. 27 49

A 64-yr-old female developed acute myeloblastic leukemia following radiation and drug therapy for colon carcinoma. The patient was heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and displayed types A and B isoenzymes in nonhematopoietic tissue. In contrast, only type B G-6-PD was observed in peripheral blood white cells. In addition, a karyotypic abnormality was found in peripheral blood and marrow cells but not in skin fibroblasts. The data are consistent with a clonal origin of this leukemia.
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PMID:Probable clonal origin of acute myeloblastic leukemia following radiation and chemotherapy of colon cancer. 27 30

Thirteen consecutive stage II breast cancer patients were treated with long-term adjuvant chemotherapy using chlorambucil. At least three of these patients developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). All three patients (and possibly a fourth) who developed AML were postmenopausal, received continuous chlorambucil for greater than or equal to 4 years, had acute red cell anemia at the time of treatment, and had a wbc count in the range of 2700-7700/mm3. After the chlorambucil was discontinued, the wbc count began to slowly rise and the patient developed clinical AML. In all three patients, the diagnosis of AML was established by pathologists on the basis of bone marrow biopsy, aspirate, and peripheral smears. Each of these was subsequently reviewed by the hematologist who treated the patients for AML. Patients who have breast cancer (or any other solid tumor malignancy) are at risk to develop a second malignancy. However, an increasing number of reports are appearing suggesting more than just a casual relationship between leukemia and the use of alkylating agents. This may be related to the dose and duration of therapy with these agents.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia in patients receiving chlorambucil as long-term adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer. 27 42

The diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with spontaneous acute granulocytic leukemia was confirmed by examination of the patient's bone marrow and peripheral blood specimens at the light and electron microscopic level, and by autopsy findings. Only one previous case of simultaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myelomonocytic leukemia with no prior history of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, has been reported. Although the present patient was given no mutagenic therapy, his chronic exposure to an unknown insecticide may have played a leukemogenic role.
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PMID:Simultaneous occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and spontaneous acute granulocytic leukemia. 28 Jan 23

Extending a study of the period 1935-1964, we determined the incidence rates of leukemia in Olmsted County during the decade 1965-1974. In this decade, the overall crude annual incidence rate was 9.5 per 100,000. The ratio of males to females was 2.4 to 1; and the incidence rate was significantly higher among males than among females, especially in the older age groups. Adjusted for age and sex, the mean annual incidence rate among males (17.3) was significantly higher than rates reported previously from other areas (ranging from 10.7 to 13); and it had increased significantly during the 40 years 1935-1974 in Olmsted County. The increase was most prominent in males aged 50 and over, and was detectable only in the subgroup with acute myelocytic leukemia. The observed number of farmers (8) was significantly higher than expected (2.8).
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PMID:Leukemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1965--1974. 28 Jul 40


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