Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 65-year-old white male with acute myelogenous leukemia received whole brain irradiation (2550 rads) and intrathecal cytosine arabinoside for CNS prophylaxis. Bone marrow remission had been previously achieved with systemic chemotherapy (vincristine, Adriamycin, prednisone, and cytosine arabinoside). Two weeks following the last intrathecal cytosine arabinoside treatment, the patient developed a spastic paraparesis requiring the use of a walker. A gas myelogram was normal and CSF examination revealed a protein of 50 mg/100 ml but was otherwise unremarkable. Five months later, the patient had improved in that he could stand on his own. A relapse of his leukemia subsequently occurred and the patient died the following month. Striking degenerative changes were found in the spinal cord at postmortem examination. These included microvacuolization, axonal swellings, and loss of myelin with scattered macrophages laden with fat.
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PMID:Paraparesis following intrathecal cytosine arabinoside: a case report with neuropathologic findings. 27 Oct 37

We have measured the plasma level of a fucosyltransferase in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at various stages of the disease and in normal controls. This enzyme transfers the sugar fucose from a guanosine diphosphate-L-fucose donor to high-molecular-weight acceptors with a terminal N-acetyl-glucosamine residue. The enzyme levels of fucosyltransferase in individuals free from disease and in patients with untreated leukemia or lymphoma were comparable. A substantial increase in plasma enzyme level was measured during drug-induced remissions, three weeks after drug therapy. The enzyme level fell to the normal range during unmaintained remissions inpatients with lymphomas; comparable information for the leukemia is not available since all remissions were drug maintained. These data, together with microscopic examination of marrow samples, indicate that the level of this fucosyltransferase is correlated with regeneration of a normal marrow population after chemotherapy. The enzyme assay may prove useful in defining normal bone marrow recovery and in timing cyclic combination chemotherapy in patients with neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Guanosine diphosphate-L-fucose plasma: N-acetylglucosaminide fucosyltransferase as in index of bone marrow hyperplasia after chemotherapy. 27 Oct 43

The authors reviewed 181 patients who received local radiation therapy for the prevention or control of extramedullary disease resulting from acute leukemia. 126 had acute lymphocytic leukemia and 55 had acute granulocytic leukemia. They were treated over a 18-year period of time with different forms of chemotherapy. Most had not received prophylactic CNS radiation therapy. Patients were evaluated for local control until death or hematologic relapse intervened. More than 80% of patients with clinical ALL meningeal leukemia had a successful response to doses over 1000 rads. This same response was not apparent in AML. More than 80% of clinical non-CNS extra medullary leukemia was controlled with doses of 600 rads or greater. Only one patient with extra-medullary relapse is still alive. The authors feel that lower preventative doses of radiation to the CNS are compatible with similar control rates, based on their own data and other suggestive data.
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PMID:The management of extramedullary disease in acute leukemia with therapeutic radiations. 27 30

Acute leukemia in 93 children was cytochemically classified into three groups: 1. the PAS-Typ (acute undifferenciated leukemia) paramyeloblastic leukemia, 2. the AML, and 3. the Acid Phosphatase Typ (SP-Typ). Therapy for the first group differed from that for AML. The acid-Phosphatase-Typ was found in only a few cases, where the acid Phosphatase is good to see in the paranuclear region of the cell. These cases have a bad prognosis. It is proposed to publish even single cases of the acid Phosphatasetype leukemia in order to find the optimal therapy.
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PMID:[Correlation of the cytochemical classification of acute leukemia in children with the course of their disease (author's transl)]. 27 64

Acute myelogenous leukemia was induced in outbred Long-Evans rats by iv injections of leukemia cells from a subcutaneous tumor of Shay myelogenous leukemia. In rats with this leukemia the peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts varied from 2.4 to 700 X 10(9)/liter. No differences were found in the bone marrow of the rats with the high WBC counts and that of rats with low WBC counts. This observation could explain the large variations in the number of circulating leukemia cells caused by differences in cell proliferation or delivery of cells into the circulation. Massive phagocytosis of leukemia cells occurred in animals with low WBC counts (less than 12 X 10(9)/liter) but not in animals with high WBC counts (greater than 150 X 10(9)/liter). This phagocytosis was directed against circulating leukemia cells. The main phagocytes were Kupffer's cells of the liver and macrophages of the spleen parenchyma. In addition, phagocytosis occurred in the spleens and bone marrow by intravascular macrophages, which were derived from extravascular sites. The endothelium of the postcapillary venules of the lymph nodes participated in the phagocytosis of circulating leukemia cells while continuing to be the locus of lymphocytic return from circulation to lymphatic parenchyma. The factors underlying the differences in macrophage activity between the rats with high and low WBC counts were unknown.
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PMID:Destruction of circulating leukemia cells by phagocytosis in rats with myelogenous leukemia. 27 68

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) has been increasingly reported in association with myeloproliferative disorders. Monoclonal gammaopathy, myeloma, myeloid metaplasia, and polycythemia have all been found in association with PG. Recently, seven cases of PG in association with leukemia have been described: three cases with acute myeloblastic leukemia, two cases with chronic myelogenous leukemia, one case with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and one case with acute leukemia of either plasma cell or myeloblast origin. To these we add two cases of PG with acute myeloblastic leukemia. These patients often have an atypical clinical presentation for PG, with bullae and relatively superficial involvement obscuring the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Atypical pyoderma gangrenosum with leukemia. 27 73

Cytopheresis techniques have proven useful in the provision of platelets and granulocytes for transfusion to the pancytopenic patient. Mechanical cell removal has been applied to the treatment of chronic myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemias and the Sezary syndrome. We have treated a 16-year-old pregnant acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) patient for 12 weeks solely with the use of intensive leukopheresis utilizing batch processing centrifugation and packed red cell transfusions. The patient presented with a white blood cell count of 54,000/mm3 with 64% myelomonoblasts, a platelet count of 45,000/mm3, marked gingival hyperplasia, and splenomegaly. Patient had a normal spontaneous delivery of a 2.5-kg male infant without complications. At the time of delivery, 12 weeks later, the white blood count had fallen to 4,9000/mm3 with 8% blasts and the platelet count had risen to over 100,000/mm3. Gingival hyperplasia decreased and the patient felt well. We have treated an additional small group of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with high white counts with short term intensive leukopheresis followed by chemotherapy with promising results.
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PMID:Therapeutic leukopheresis of acute myelo-monocytic leukemia in pregnancy. 27 83

Some aspects of the cell biology of normal and leukaemic haematopoietic cells are reviewed. Important points are: (a) normal and possibly also leukaemic stem cells differ from more mature cells in the kinetics as well as in cell surface antigens and other properties; (b) leukaemic cells are subject to a population size control as are normal haematopoietic cells; (c) part of the normal control seems to be chalone feedback regulation of proliferation and maturation rate of precursor cells; (d) evidence is accumulating that C-type oncornaviruses may cause leukaemia in man. Various experimental and established forms of therapy for leukaemia are discussed: No alterative exists to chemotherapy in acute lymphoid leukaemia. Granulocyte chalone may possibly become a valuable adjunct to other types of therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia. Immunotherapy may prove as efficient as maintenance chemotherapy in this disease. So far it has not been possible to synchronize leukaemic and normal cells so as to occupy different positions in the cell cycle. Nor has a forced maturation of human leukaemic cells been effected. Neither bone marrow transplantation nor prophylaxis by vaccination are considered worthwhile procedures for the time being. Anti-viral therapy has been promising in animal experiments, but animal leukaemias are often poor models for the disease in man. Assessment of treatment, using stem cell assays, is advocated.
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PMID:Treatment of acute leukaemia: implications of recent findings in cell biology. 27

L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli--Crasnitin was used in 14 children with acute leukemia unresponsive to conventional treatment: 11 acute lymphoblastic leukemias, 1 acute myeloblastic leukemia, 2 other forms of leukemia. The remission induction was obtained in 70% of applications. Median of remission duration was 90 days. Serious side effects were observed. The validity of L-asparaginase in therapy of advanced childhood ALL is stressed.
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PMID:L-asparaginase in treatment of acute leukemia in children. 27 52

Creation of an artificial subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula was attempted in five patients with malignant haematological disorders (two with Hodgkin's disease, two with acute lymphatic leukaemia, and one with acute myeloid leukaemia). The average time from the start of treatment to attempted creation of the fistulae was four years. Neither direct arteriovenous anastomosis nor an interposition mandril graft was successful in any patient. Failure was attributed to impaired venous run-off secondary to previous episodes of thrombophlebitis induced by the intravenous administration of cytotoxic drugs. The use of an arteriovenous fistula early in the course of the disease might minimize these later problems.
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PMID:The creation of artificial subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulas in patients with malignant haematological disease. 27 5


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