Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In man, hematologic abnormalities precede the development of acute myeloblastic leukemia in about one-third of individuals. This preleukemic state may represent a stage of adult leukemia wherein small numbers of leukemic cells are present and the normal marrow stem cell compartment has not been seriously compromised. A syndrome resembling human preleukemia occurs in cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). This disorder is characterized by anemia, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia occurring weeks or months prior to the development of feline acute leukemia. The natural occurrence of this syndrome in this domestic animal population makes it a potential model of human preleukemia. Initial poor results of therapy of human preleukemia presently prohibit one from carrying out controlled trials with chemotherapeutic agents in such a group of patients. Preliminary trials with chemo- and/or immunotherapy may be more easily attempted with FeLV infected preleukemic cats.
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PMID:Feline preleukemia: an animal model of human disease. 22 Aug 6

Expression of simian papovavirus 40 (SV40) T-antigen following in vitro infection was studied in skin fibroblasts from patients with Down syndrome (DS) and their parents to determine whether the increased susceptibility to SV40 infection reflected the cytogenetic defect or the leukemia risk associated with this syndrome. As a group, fibroblasts from patients with DS showed elevated T-antigen expression 72 hrs after infection compared to that of a healthy control population. However, among 24 patients tested, the cell lines of only 11 showed statistically significant increases in T-antigen expression. A cell line from a patient with concurrent DS and acute myelogenous leukemia had a normal value. T-antigen expression did not correlate with the percentage of cells trisomic for chromosome 21 in 18 cell lines examined or with the number of copies of this chromosome in disomic and trisomic cell strains cloned from three mosaic patients.Collectively, cell lines from parents of trisomy 21 patients also showed increased susceptibility to SV40 infection; however, in five families tested, a consistent pattern of genetic transmission of elevated T-antigen expression from parent to offspring was not observed. Q-banding of cell lines in one family showed that elevated T-antigen expression is not a marker of parental nondisjunction. Variation in susceptibility to human interferon, an antiviral agent, did not account for variation in T-antigen levels among these cell lines. Thus, the abnormalities of T-antigen expression in DS appear independent of the hyperdiploid state and are not a sensitive indicator of cancer risk.
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PMID:SV40 T-antigen expression in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Down syndrome and their parents. 22 51

Aggressive treatment with cytarabine, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone for acute myelogenous leukemia, administered from the 31 st week of pregnancy, resulted in both sustained complete remission of the leukemia and delivery of a normal infant with a normal birthweight and a normal male karyotype. It is concluded that chemotherapy with cytarabine combinations can be administered in the third, and probably the second, trimester of pregnancy without risk of serious damage to the developing fetus.
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PMID:Successful treatment of acute leukemia during pregnancy. Combination therapy in the third trimester. 26 69

Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma of children. In acute lymphocytic leukemia administration of cranial irradiation early during chemotherapy-induced remission prevents initial meningeal relapse. When cranial irradiation is combined with a 3-year course of multiple drug systemic chemotherapy approximately one-half of the children remain in complete remission for 5 years or more and are at little risk of relapse. Preventive cranial irradiation is effective in children with acute myelocytic leukemia, also, but this does not affect survival because of the inadequacy of chemotherapy in controlling bone marrow disease. Low dose palliative irradiation can be helpful in caring for some children with obstructive, painful or disabling leukemic lesions. In Hodgkin's disease of children radiotherapy is effective in curing stages IA, IIA, and IIIA disease and contributes to chemotherapy control of stages IIIB and IV disease. The role of radiotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is less clear. Children with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma tend to have rapid dissemination to bone marrow and meninges and appear to benefit more from multiple agent chemotherapy and preventive meningeal irradiation. Children with B-lymphoblastic lymphoma usually benefit from cyclophosphamide therapy; the value of irradiation is yet to be established. However, radiotherapy is frequently curative in stage I B-lymphocytic nodular and histiocytic lymphomas. The indications for radiotherapy in children with leukemia and lymphoma are constantly changing. Before each child is treated the multi disciplinary evaluation and treatment team must consider the rationale in relation to the specific child and current knowledge.
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PMID:Radiotherapy in leukemia and lymphoma of children. 26 98

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) presents a serious therapeutic dilemma. In an attempt to study the pathophysiology of this diseases in an animal model, the incidence and sites of detection of CNS leukemia were evaluated in inbred rats receiving chemotherapy for the transplantable WF AML. Eight of 100 rats with untreated WF AML demonstrated CNS leukemia at death with concomitant widespread visceral infiltrates, ascites, bone marrow involvement, and peripheral blood leukemia. Similarly, 6 of 120 rats (5%) failing to attain a complete remission following adriamycin. Cytoxan, or cytosine arabinoside chemotherapy demonstrated CNS leukemia in addition to systemic disease at death. In contrast, 70 of 75 rats (93.3%) achieving a complete remission subsequently relapsed in the CNS, either in combination with widespread systemic disease in 48 (64.0%) or with minimal evidence of systemic relapse in 22 (29.3%). There was a greater frequency of detectable cerebral compared to spinal cord infiltrates in relapsing rats. The WF AML appears to be a valuable model for study of the mechanism and ultimately the prevention of CNS relapse following chemotherapy in human AML.
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PMID:Central nervous system (CNS) relapse following chemotherapy of WF rat acute myelogenous leukemia: a model for human CNS leukemia. 26 15

The incidence of amoeboid movement configuration (AMC), a cell shape suggestive of cell locomotion at the moment of fixation, has been studied in the tumour cells of bone marrow smears from leukaemia patients at the time of diagnosis. The groups of patients with CML (n = 8), ALL (n = 5) and CLL (n = 9) were small, and the incidences of AMC were close to those found in the corresponding cell lines from healthy probands. In 39 patients with AML, the incidence of AMC was higher than in the other cell lines investigated. A positive skew distribution of AMC values and a positive significant correlation between incidence of AMC were found at the time of diagnosis and subsequent survival of the patients with AML, in spite of differences in treatment. It is suggested that this positive correlation may be due to an immune reaction of the patients against their tumour cells.
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PMID:Amoeboid movement configuration in tumour cells of bone marrow smears from patients with leukaemia. Incidence and significance. 26 78

An unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the parenchyma of the brain occurring in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia in remission is described and the literature reviewed. The patient presented with an intracranial mass without clinical evidence of meningeal involvement. The value of 99mTc scan in CNS leukemia is shown.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma of the brain. 26 45

Various tumours, in particular lymphomas, have been reported in association with azathioprine treatment, both after renal transplantation and in other conditions. A case is reported here of acute myeloid leukaemia associated with azathioprine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, and this is now the third case reported in the world literature of leukaemia arising during azathioprine therapy for a non-malignant condition.
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PMID:Acute leukaemia during azathioprine therapy. 26 70

A simple cytochemical and cytobacterial method for the simultaneous demonstration of peroxidase and lysozyme (muramidase) activities in individual cells was devised. In characterization of myeloid and monocyte series, the combination of these myeloid- and monocyte-specific enzymes not only was more informative than a single enzyme but made it easier to differentiate acute myelomonocytic leukemia, with higher lysozyme activity, from acute myeloid leukemia, with higher peroxidase activity. Acute lymphocytic leukemia had no lysozyme or peroxidase activity.
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PMID:Simultaneous demonstration of peroxidase and lysozyme activities in leukemic cells. 26 61

Leucocytes containing a high proportion of blast cells were obtained from 11 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, and leucocytes were also obtained from 2 normal subjects. Ferritin was partially purified from leucocyte extracts and subjected to anion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The Fe content of leucocyte ferritin was low, and in all but one case the preparations contained isoferritins corresponding to those found in normal tissues or serum. Only some of the preparations contained the relatively acidic isoferritins which have been described as "carcinofoetal", but which are also present in normal heart and kidney. Ferritin from one patient contained isoferritins of lower isoelectric point than heart ferritin. These results show that there does not appear to be any specific isoelectric focusing pattern for leukaemic cells, and that assays for acidic isoferritins are unlikely to be of use in the diagnosis of leukaemia and in monitoring treatment. However, the very acidic protein found in one preparation suggests that the search for abnormal subunits of ferritin may be fruitful in acute leukaemia.
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PMID:Isoferritins in acute leukaemia. 26 5


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