Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

VM-26, a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin, was tested for antitumor activity and clinical toxicity in 181 children. The drug was administered iv at weekly intervals, beginning at a dose of 130 mg/2/week. The dose was increased, as tolerated, after 3 and 6 weeks to 150 and 180 mg/m2/week, respectively. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia predominating. Anaphylaxis occurred in one patient. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia (four responses among 15 patients) and neuroblastoma (ten responses among 31 patients). Objective responses were also noted in one patient each with acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, histiocytic lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and sacrococcygeal sarcoma. Further trials of VM-26 in these childhood malignancies are warranted.
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PMID:Phase II study of VM-26 in acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, and other refractory childhood malignancies: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. 38 Aug 3

Rapidly fatal acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occurred in a woman with advanced (Stage III) ovarian carcinoma who was treated with thiotepa for 30 months. This patient was 1 of 10 long term survivors and represented less than 2% of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma with regional metastases who received long term chemotherapy during the period 1947-1975. Acute leukemia developed 44 months after initial diagnosis and was preceded by a 10 month period of pancytopenia following cessation of thiotepa. The leukemia did not respond to treatment and the patient expired 3 weeks after its onset. At autopsy, leukemic infiltration of organs was seen, but there was no evidence of carcinoma. A review of the literature suggests that the development of AML reported in ovarian cancer patients is related to alkylating agent therapy.
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PMID:Ovarian carcinoma terminating in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following alkylating agent therapy. 41 94

Observation of a unique population of cells on a Wright-stained blood smear of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma prompted a study to determine their origin. The primary carcinoma contained a marker, the presence of "signet cells." These were demonstrated in direct peripheral smears and buffy coat preparation of peripheral blood and confirmed histochemically by showing positive periodic acid-Schiff, alpha-napthol and beta-glucuronidase reactions. "Carcinocythemia" is suggested as a name for this unusual process observed over a six month period. Studies of the patient's immunocompetence, of circulating cell surface immunoglobulins and karyotype analysis were made. Postmortem examination revealed retroperitoneal fibrosis, splenic atrophy and extensive metastatic carcinoma but no evidence of leukemia. The cells will be contrasted to those seen in a second patient who appeared to have acute myelocytic leukemia complicating extensive cancer involving the bone marrow. The observations suggest that a leukemia-like blood picture due to circulating cancer cells may occur during the course of metastatic breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia). An acute leukemia-like picture due to metastatic carcinoma cells. 106 63

The author reports a patient treated three years ago for a breast carcinoma. High doses of X-ray had been delivered after radical mastectomy. The possible relationship between this exposure and a rapidly fatal acute myeloid leukemia is emphasized.
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PMID:Acute myeloid leukaemia complicating a breast cancer after mastectomy and radiotherapy. 106 54

During the past 3 years, eight hospitals and one cooperative study group have reported their initial clinical results with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). The most popular clinical schedule was 15-25 mg/m2/day for 5 days repeated every 3-4 weeks. Almost all patients had extremely advanced disease. Of 323 patients in whom response could be evaluated, there were 12 complete responses, 25 partial responses (greater than 50% decrease in tumor size), and 23 improvements (greater than 50% decrease in tumor size) for a 19% overall response rate. The tumor most sensitive to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) was testicular carcinoma in which seven complete responses, three partial responses, and three improvements were observed in 16 patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Other sensitive tumors were lymphoma (63% response and improvements), squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (41% response and imporvements), and ovarian carcinoma (40% response and improvements). Complete responses were also seen in one patient with thyroid carcinoma and two with bladder carcinoma, while partial remissions were recorded in two patients with breast carcinoma and one patient each with acute myelogenous leukemia, endometrial carcinoma, renal carcinoma, malignant thymoma, neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and an undifferentiated tumor of unknown origin. Five major types of toxicity were encountered: gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, immunosuppressive, otologic, and renal, with the last two generally the most serious. Serial audiometry testing can generally warn of the otologic toxicity and thus prevent permanent acoustic damage. Renal toxicity, which is similar to that seen with heavy-metal poisoning, appears to be dose related, cumulative, and only partly reversible, thus, severely limiting the repeated administration of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). Recent laboratory studies suggest that combination chemotherapy with this drug may be rewarding. Studies of this nature should be pursued along with attempts to find more effective less toxic platinum compounds.
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PMID:Review of the current clinical status of platinum coordination complexes in cancer chemotherapy. 110 40

Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were purified using a new technology in which monoclonal antibodies are covalently immobilized on polystyrene surfaces. The CD34+ cell isolation scheme involved three sequential processes: (1) purification of bone marrow mononuclear cells; (2) enrichment of CD34+ cells using covalently immobilized soybean agglutinin; and (3) positive selection of CD34+ cells using polystyrene surfaces coated with the anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody ICH3. CD34+ cells purified by this process have both low-to-medium forward light scatter and low 90 degrees light-scatter properties. Moreover, the purified CD34+ cells are greater than 85% viable, express appropriate characteristic surface antigens, and are 10-50-fold enriched in short- and long-term hematopoietic activity. CD34+ cells collected in this manner from bone marrow samples contaminated with radiolabeled breast carcinoma, neuroblastoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, or small cell lung carcinoma cells were 99.9% depleted of the tumor cells. The CD34+ cell selection devices are sterile and are easily scaled-up to process clinical scale bone marrow samples.
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PMID:Rapid isolation of human CD34 hematopoietic stem cells--purging of human tumor cells. 137 43

The expression of c-fms oncoprotein in different primary tumours as well as in their metastases in bone marrow, was shown. All the samples were fixed and processed by the acetone, methyl benzoate, xylene procedure (AMeX), which was suitable for studying oncoprotein expression not only in primary tumours but also in bone marrow (BM) biopsies. Among the patients suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AMeL), positive c-fms cells were found in 55% cases. On the contrary, patients with lymphocytic cell disorders have not had detectable c-fms oncogene product in BM biopsies.c-fms oncoprotein was also detected in some primary tumour specimens (lung carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, breast carcinoma and melanoma) and their metastases in BM, while it was not present in normal uterine tissue. There was a positive correlation between c-fms oncoprotein expression in primary and metastatic tumours. Our results showed that c-fms product is confined, not only to some normal, but also to the variety of malignant cells of different origin.
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PMID:c-fms is present in primary tumours as well as in their metastases in bone marrow. 139 Jan 97

The increased risk of neoplasia following cytotoxic therapy for both malignant and nonmalignant disease is well known. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in patients receiving such chemotherapy are often elevated, and the persistence of high levels after treatment may provide an indicator for susceptibility to secondary neoplasia. The cytostatic drug razoxane has been used for the treatment of psoriasis, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and colorectal carcinoma. Prolonged use of this drug, however, has been associated with the subsequent development of AML and, up to November 1987, 16 cases of acute leukemia following razoxane treatment have been reported. We report the SCE frequencies for 34 patients with colorectal carcinoma who were receiving or had previously been treated with razoxane. Our results show no significant increase in SCE levels in the razoxane group compared with either normal controls or untreated patients.
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PMID:Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in lymphocytes of patients with colorectal carcinoma treated with razoxane. 145 13

The CD15 carbohydrate antigen, lacto-N-fucopentaose III is expressed on a variety of human cancer cells including acute myeloid leukemia, small cell carcinoma of the lung, and colorectal carcinomas. We have found that cells from breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tissue are strongly CD15 positive, as seen by binding to the PM-81 monoclonal antibody. In this report we show that monoclonal antibody PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads can remove breast cancer cells from bone marrow and thus be used as "purging" agents for autologous bone marrow transplantation. PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads removed up to 3 log of SK-BR-3 and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell line cells while minimally affecting normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. This technique may be useful for purging marrow for autologous bone marrow transplantation in breast cancer.
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PMID:Reactivity of anti-CD15 monoclonal antibody PM-81 with breast cancer and elimination of breast cancer cells from human bone marrow by PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads. 167 88

The blasts obtained from three freshly diagnosed acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients were cultured in suspension to determine whether leukemic blast progenitors can indeed differentiate to form mature granulocytes. One patient was AML M2. The other two patients were bilineal and biphenotypic leukemia, respectively. Media conditioned by human bladder carcinoma line 5637 (5637-CM) or recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was added to stimulate growth. In suspension, clonogenic cells grew for 1-3 weeks in two patients, while they did not increase in one patient. After repeated subculture, cells of blast morphology decreased in percentage and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocyte-macrophages appeared. Lymphoid cell component of the patient 2, who was diagnosed as bilineal leukemia by dual-color immunofluorescence analysis, decreased in number after suspension culture and cells of myeloid phenotype became dominant. The findings show that clonogenic blast progenitors can renew themselves and can also undergo terminal differentiation to mature end cells.
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PMID:Terminal differentiation to mature neutrophils and eosinophils in suspension culture of the blast progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia. 170 67


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