Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Methodichlorophen was given to 26 patients with terminal malignant disease. Eight patients received adequate doses, and five of them showed objective evidence of tumour regression while three failed to respond. Those who responded included four out of five patients with lung cancer (three with squamous-cell carcinoma and one with oat-cell carcinoma) and a patient with hypernephroma. Two patients with testicular teratomas and one with acute myeloid leukemia failed to respond. The drug may be given safely by mouth to outpatients if certain precautions are taken.
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PMID:Methodichlorophen as anti-tumor drug. 16 54

Sera of 25 patients and 50 health children were tested for the presence of antibodies against the Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear-Antigen (EBNA). We examined 15 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, who showed a mean arithmatic titer of 1 : 5.33, 1 child with acute myeloblastic leukemia and 1 child with the chronic myeloblastic form showing no reactivity. Two children with lymphogranuloma had titers 1 : 16 and 1 : 32, respectively. 1 patient with lymphoepithelial carcinoma and 5 with lymphosarcoma showed a mean arithmetic titer of 1 : 170.66. Control persons had antibodies against EBNA in the amount of 1 : 2.56. We think that the humoral reactivity against this regularly viral-genome-associated antigen is an additional indicator for the causative role of the Epstein-Barr Virus.
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PMID:[Antibodies against the Epstein-Barr Virus nuclear-antigen in children with malignant disease (author's transl)]. 18 71

The use of androgenic anabolic steroids in the therapeutic dose range by strength athletes is well documented. The benign side effects of these drugs are well known but more disturbing are the increasingly frequent reports of potentially fatal diseases in association with the therapeutic use of these agents. A review is made of the clinical evidence indicating a direct association between androgenic steroids and peliosis hepatis, heptocellular carcinoma and acute myelogenous leukemia, all potentially fatal disorders.
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PMID:The association of oral androgenic-anabolic steroids and life-threatening disease. 19 May 18

The etiology of cancer resembles that of many other diseases in that multiple factors may be required. Because of this, the role or viruses in the etiology of human cancers is especially difficult to assess. When animal tumor systems were used as models, the roles of various predisposing characteristics in virus oncogenesis were elucidated. Extrapolation of these findings to the human diseases suggests the importance of genetics, age, hormones, immune competence, and stress in determining susceptibility to tumor development in individuals infected with an oncogenic virus. The importance of cofactors in induction of those human tumors most strongly associated with virus infection, including Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cerviccal carcinoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and breast cancer, is reviewed. Understanding of the role of these cofactors in virus carcinogenesis may lead to disease prevention through elimination of one or more of the cofactors.
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PMID:The viral etiology of cancer: a realistic approach. 19 10

In view of suggestions that acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) may be of viral etiology, sera of 31 patients suffering from AML were investigated for antiviral activity. Fowl plague virus (FPV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), BT 20 mammary carcinoma cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were used as assay systems. In the FPV-BT20 system, 19 of 20 patients whose blood sample was taken when they were in complete remission showed antiviral activity in their sera. These patients stayed in complete remission for at least three months after the blood sample was taken. In the sera of 11 patients no antiviral activity could be found with the FPV-BT20 assay system. 3 of the 11 were in relapse, 5 had a relapse within 3 months and 3 stayed in remission more than 3 months after the blood sample was taken. In the FPV-CEF and in the VSV-BT20 system antiviral activity was also found. The activity in the FPV-CEF system corresponded well with the FPV-BT20 assay and the disease status, whereas the activity detected by the VSV-BT20 system did not. The nature of the antiviral activities in the sera of AML patients against FPV and VSV is not yet clear. Interferon and specific antiviral antibodies can probably be ruled out. The antiviral activity against FPV appears to be a biological index of the activity of the disease and might eventually be used to determine intensity and length of treatment.
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PMID:[Antiviral activity in the serum of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia: prognostic significance. Preliminary report]. 19 38

Fifteen patients with extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung and no prior therapy were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen similar in intensity to the approach used in acute myelocytic leukemia. The patients received intensive induction therapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and VP-16-213 followed by treatment with a combination of BCNU, vincristine, methotrexate, and procarbazine. The objective response rate was 87% (13 of 15 patients) with three complete responses and ten partial responses. With the exception of one patient, the maximal response to therapy was achieved during therapy with the intensive cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and VP-16-213 regimen. The three complete responders remain in remission for 159, 351, and 285 days but seven of the ten partial responders have relapsed and five of these have died. There was no unexpected morbidity associated with the intensive chemotherapy despite marked bone marrow suppression. This study demonstrates that very intensive combination chemotherapy can be safely used to achieve a high objective response rate in patients with extensive small cell carcinoma, but the complete response rate is low. An analysis of treatment failures and future directions is presented.
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PMID:Intensive induction therapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung. 22 Nov 17

A patient with a 17-year course of metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast is described who developed large numbers of circulating carcinoma cells which were easily detectable in several routine peripheral blood smears shortly before death. This rare complication of carcinoma has been called "carcinocythemia." Carcinocythemia is probably due to widespread infiltration of many bone marrow sites and may also be related to splenectomy, which may impair reticuloendothelial clearance of circulating tumor cells. The differential diagnosis of carcinocythemia from superimposed acute myelogenous leukemia, which can complicate radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the primary tumor, is discussed. Cytomorphology, histochemistry, and electron microscopy of abnormal circulating cells should aid in the distinction of these two processes.
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PMID:Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia) due to metastatic carcinoma of the breast: report of a case. 27 Oct 40

One hundred and thirty-three patients, 94 with acute luekemia and 39 with solid tumors, received rubidazone, alone or in combination, at M. D. Anderson Hospital. The initial study, a phase I--II study carried out in 39 patients with acute leukemia, revealed substantial antileukemic activity with optimal results at a dose level of 450 mg/m2. Toxic manifestations included an acute reaction suggestive of histamine release with dose-limiting mucositis at a dose of 600 mg/m2. Forty-seven patients with acute leukemia were treated at phase II dose levels. Thirteen of 32 patients (42%) with acute myelogenous leukemia and seven of ten patients (70%) with acute lymphocytic leukemia achieved complete remission. Twenty-seven previously untreated patients with acute leukemia who were greater than 50 years old were treated with rubidazone in combination with cytosine arabinoside, vincristine, and prednisone. Fifteen patients (50%) achieved complete remission including 12 of 15 patients (73%) who were treated at a dose of 200 mg/m2 of rubidazone on Day 1 and a dose of 70 mg/m2/day X 7 days of cytosine arabinoside (continuous infusion). For patients with solid tumors, the dose-limiting toxic effect was myelosuppression at a dose of 200 mg/m2. Other toxicity at that dose level was minimal. The best responses were seen in patients with carcinoma of the period with two of four evaluable patients showing objective tumor regression. Of six previously untreated patients with thyroid carcinoma none responded, and in a phase II study of patients with breast cancer there were no partial remissions among 13 patients. Cardiac toxicity, manifested by congestive heart failure, occurred in seven patients at cumulative doses of 1050--2600 mg/m2 of rubidazone; all patients had had prior anthracycline therapy at low doses. Rubidazone has been shown to be an active antileukemic agent, but appears to be less active than Adriamycin in our studies of patients with solid tumors.
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PMID:Clinical studies with rubidazone. 28 57

VP-16-213, a semisynthetic podophyliotoxin, was tested for antitumor and clinical toxicity in 126 children. The drug was administered iv daily x 5 days every 2 weeks at a starting dose of 75 mg/m2/day. The dose was increased by 25 mg/m2/day/course until clinical response or significant toxicity occurred. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia as the most predominant feature. There was one local allergic reaction at the site of injection. No systemic allergic responses were reported. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with four responses among 19 patients, less activity in acute myelocytic leukemia with two responses among 44 patients, and little activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia with only one partial response among 12 patients. Objective partial responses occurred in ten of 48 patients with solid tumors: two each with Wilms' tumor, lymphoma, and histiocytosis X, and one each with rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The inclusion of VP-16-213 in combination chemotherapy for childhood acute myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myelocytic leukemia appears indicated in patients relapsing after initial therapy. For solid tumors this is an interim report, with further patient accrual required before specific comments can be made.
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PMID:Phase II study of VP-16-213 in childhood malignant disease: a Children's Cancer Study Group Report. 29 6

This brief review of the more promising clinical trials suggests that immunotherapy is indeed beneficial for selected cancer patients. Because of its limited potency, it should not be used as primary treatment for malignant disease except as local immunotherapy for certain accessible tumors. It is effective for eradication of primary neoplasms of the skin as well as cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma and breast carcinoma. The most important role for immunotherapy is in combination with other modalities. It may help control occult micrometastases that cause recurrence and death following surgical procedures or irradiation. Results of adjuvant immunotherapy appear promising for malignant melanoma, for carcinoma of the lung, breast, and colon, and for soft-tissue sarcomas. In combination with chemotherapy, immunotherapy appears to prolong remission and survival in acute myelogenous leukemia and in disseminated tumors of the lung and breast. Clearly, immunotherapy is not a panacea for malignant disease, but it could become an important arm in a multimodality attack on cancer.
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PMID:Clinical trials of immunotherapy: present status. 36 56


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