Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From January 1983 to January 1985, we have found a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) in the bone marrow cells of 8 patients; they represent consecutive patients referred to our institution for investigation and treatment of the following hematological disorders in whom the 5q- abnormality was found: acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (3), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) (2), preleukemia (PL) (1), sideroblastic anemia (SA) (1), refractory anemia (RA) (1). The deletion proved to be interstitial in all patients, with 3 different breakpoint patterns emerging: q13q33, q11.2q21, q11.2q33. Proximal breakpoint q11.2 was found only in patients with an initial diagnosis of ANLL. The common region deleted in all patients was comprised between bands q13q21. The clinical relevance and biological meaning of the heterogeneity of proximal and distal breakpoints found in this study are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) in leukemia and other hematological disorders: clinical and biological relevance of variable breakpoint patterns. 394 5

141 patients with MDS were classified according to the FAB criteria and followed up for a period of 4-192 months. It was recognized that patients with RAEBT had a uniformly poor prognosis. However, there was a wide variation in survival among the other subgroups. A score of 1 was assigned to each of the following presenting haematological features: bone marrow blasts greater than or equal to 5%, platelets less than or equal to 100 X 10(9)/l, neutrophils less than or equal to 2.5 X 10(9)/l and Hb less than or equal to 10.0 g/dl. Therefore the score for each patient ranged between 0 and 4. There were no statistically significant differences between those patients who scored 0 or 1, or between those who scored 2 and 3. Therefore patients were put into three groups: Group A (score 0 or 1), Group B (score 2 or 3), Group C (score 4). The differences in survival between each of the three groups are highly significant (P less than 0.00001). This system further separates patients with RA, RAS, RAEB into good and bad prognostic groups. This study also confirms that deaths due to cytopenias are more common than those due to transformation to AML. The use of this scoring system in conjunction with the FAB criteria for MDS should serve as a prognostic tool on which to base treatment.
 ...
PMID:Myelodysplastic syndromes: a scoring system with prognostic significance. 397 Aug 61

We have characterized another subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) based on the cytogenetic and morphologic findings in a group of nine patients. Five patients had chromosomal analyses performed at the University of Chicago, two patients were studied at the All-Union Cancer Research Center in Moscow, and one patient each was studied at the University of Maryland and at Fairfax Hospital in Fairfax, Virginia. All nine patients had a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 6 and the long arm of chromosome 9 [t(6;9)(p23;q34)]. The patients, four males and five females, ranged in age from 5 to 51 years; the median age of 38 years is lower than that typically seen in ANLL. Only two of eight treated patients entered a complete remission. Classification of bone marrow morphology according to FAB Cooperative Group criteria revealed AML-M1 in one patient, AML-M2 in four, and AMMoL-M4 in three. One patient had refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) which evolved to AML-M2. All bone marrow specimens showed severe myelodysplasia, with Auer rods present in seven of the nine cases. Of note was the particular prominence of bone marrow basophils (greater than 1%) in eight of the nine (89%) patients. Among 160 evaluable patients with ANLL de novo seen at the University of Chicago whose cells lacked a t(6;9), only five (3%) had greater than 1% basophils in the marrow aspirates. It is of interest that the breakpoint in 9q involves the same chromosomal band as that in the t(9;22) observed in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in which increased basophils are a prominent feature. Thus, the association of the t(6;9) with increased bone marrow basophils in ANLL may provide additional insight into the chromosomal location of genes regulating the production and/or maturation of basophils.
 ...
PMID:Increased numbers of marrow basophils may be associated with a t(6;9) in ANLL. 397 50

Of 50 consecutive patients (30 female and 20 male; median age, 70 years) with a myeloproliferative disorder and a 5q- chromosome, 12 (24%) had refractory anemia, 16 (32%) had refractory anemia with excess blasts, 13 (26%) had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, six (12%) had the 5q- syndrome, and three (6%) had an unclassifiable myeloproliferative disease. Twenty-five patients had only a 5q- anomaly (group 1), and 25 had a 5q- plus additional chromosome abnormalities (group 2). Four types of 5q- anomalies were recognized: a del(5)(q13q33) occurred in 39 patients, a del(5)(q31q35) in nine, a del(5)(q22q33) in one, and a del(5)(q13q35) in one. The survival distribution for patients in group 1 was significantly better (P = .012) than for those in group 2. Cox-model analyses indicated that having a 5q- chromosome and other abnormalities is significantly (P less than .01) associated with poor survival even after adjustment for the effects of other important factors such as type of disease, age, and sex. The two groups had similar distributions of most variables, including age, sex, and disease types. However, patients in group 1 had a significantly higher platelet count and mean corpuscular volume than those in group 2. Only two patients in group 1 had had prior chemotherapy, but nine in group 2 had had either prior chemotherapy or radiation or both, and one patient in group 2 had had heavy exposure to pesticides.
 ...
PMID:Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 50 patients with a myeloproliferative syndrome and deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome 5. 400 29

In a multicenter analysis, the effect of low-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)(10 mg/ m2q 12 h subcutaneously for a minimum of 15 days) has been assessed in 13 patients with acute leukemia (10 myeloid-AML-, 3 lymphocytic-ALL-) and 7 patients with dysmyelopoietic syndromes (DMPS), conditions classified as refractory anemia with an excess of blasts ( RAEB ). Seven patients suffering from acute leukemia and 1 with DMPS in blastic transformation displayed a leukocytosis of more than 10 X 10(9)/1. Three out of 7 DMPS, 1 out of 10 AML achieved a complete remission, 1 out of 3 ALL-patients reached a partial remission twice. Seven patients showed a blast clearing in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, in another 7 instances examination of the bone marrow was not performed after therapy because of early death. The majority of patients were in their late phase of disease and refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Only 5 patients had no pretreatment at first presentation before low-dose Ara-C was initiated. At least for the DMPS-group, this therapeutic approach seems to be of some benefit.
 ...
PMID:Clinical trial of low-dose Ara-C in the treatment of acute leukemia and myelodysplasia. 658 11

53 patients with the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were classified according to the proposals of the FAB cooperative group 1982. 29 patients had refractory anaemia (RA), 10 refractory anaemia with excess of blasts ( RAEB ), 5 RAEB in transformation, 7 RA with ringed sideroblasts and 2 chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia ( CMML ). Counting blast cells type I and II involved no difficulties. 4 of 15 patients who developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) according to the FAB classification of 1976 did not fulfill the new 1982 criteria for AML. A redefinition of the blast cell type II to include a more granulated blast cells, without the characteristics of promyelocytes, would solve this problem. We conclude that a redefinition of the blast cell type II might turn out to be useful.
 ...
PMID:Classification of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes according to the FAB co-operative group's proposals. Proposals for a redefinition of blast cell type II. 658 60

Blood and bone marrow samples from 106 patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia were reviewed independently by three observers according to the FAB proposals. Without a cytochemical stain, complete agreement occurred in 75% of cases. The major discrepancies were between M1 and M5 poorly differentiated (4 cases) and M2 and M4 (12 cases). These discrepancies disappeared with cytochemistry. Others non-concurrences were between M1 and M2 (4 cases) M2 and M6 (3 cases), M4 and M5 differentiated (2 cases), M2 and RAEB (1 case). To solve these latter discrepancies some points of the FAB classification require clarification.
 ...
PMID:[Morphological classification of acute myeloid leukemias using the FAB system. Retrospective analysis of 106 cases]. 695 74

Expression of P-glycoprotein (PGP), the product of the multi-drug resistance mdr1 gene was studied by immunocytochemistry on bone marrow slides using JSB1 monoclonal antibody and the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) and avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) techniques in 82 cases of untreated myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), of whom ten had evolved to AML (MDS-AML). The relationship between PGP expression, myeloperoxidase activity and immunophenotype of blast cells, karyotype and outcome was also analyzed. PGP expression was found in the blasts of 34 of the 82 patients (41%), the majority of blasts being stained in positive cases. PGP positivity was rare in 'low risk' MDS (RA and RARS: 2/12 cases) as opposed to 'high risk' MDS (RAEB, RAEB-T, CMML: 25/60 cases) and MDS-AML (7/10 cases) (p = 0.04). PGP expression was positively correlated to the presence of myeloperoxidase activity in less than 3% of blasts (p = 0.025), and CD34 antigen expression (p = 0.04), whereas CD33 antigen expression had borderline significance (p = 0.07), demonstrating that PGP expression predominated in blasts with an immature phenotype. An abnormal karyotype, and especially the presence of monosomy 7, was not correlated to a higher incidence of PGP expression, however. There was a trend for more frequent progression to AML and for shorter survival in PGP-positive cases, but differences with PGP-negative cases were not significant. Twenty patients received intensive anthracycline-Ara-C chemotherapy and ten (50%) achieved complete response, including 9/13 (69%) PGP-negative cases and 1/7 (14%) PGP-positive cases (p = 0.03). Twenty other patients were treated with low-dose Ara-C and ten (50%) responded (complete or partial response). PGP-positivity did not negatively affect response to low-dose Ara-C: 4/11 responses in PGP-negative, and 6/9 responses in PGP-positive patients (p = 0.18). Because the treatment choice in advanced MDS (especially between anthracycline-Ara-C or low-dose Ara-C, chemotherapy) is difficult, our preliminary therapeutic results suggest that the analysis of PGP expression could have practical importance in MDS. These findings however, will have to be confirmed on larger numbers of patients. Clinical trials using drugs potentially reverting mdr, activity could also be warranted in MDS.
 ...
PMID:Expression of the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein and its relationship to hematological characteristics and response to treatment in myelodysplastic syndromes. 751 32

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 20 patients were given a daily dose of 50 micrograms/m2 of KRN8601 for 4 weeks. When the blood neutrophil count did not reach 2,000/microliters within 2 weeks, the dose was increased to 100 micrograms/m2. A marked neutrophilic response was obtained in 17 of the 18 evaluable patients (94.4%), irrespective of the MDS disease type. Five patients showed a platelet increase, 3 of which also showed an erythroid improvement. To maintain neutrophil levels greater than 1,000/microliters, 12 patients were treated with KRN8601 for 4 weeks. A dose of 25 to 50 micrograms/m2 3-4 times a week served to this end in 8 patients and 100 micrograms/m2 three times a week or daily in the remaining 4 patients. One patient with RAEB progressed to acute myeloid leukemia 8 weeks after KRN8601. The treatment was well-tolerated in the majority of patients with no severe toxicities. These results suggest that subcutaneous administration of KRN8601 is safe and useful in the treatment of cytopenias in MDS.
 ...
PMID:[A phase III trial of subcutaneous administration of rhG-CSF in the myelodysplastic syndromes]. 752 42

Immunological analysis of bone marrow cells in myelodysplasia using immunofluorescence did not allow accurate morphological identification of blast cells. However, improvement of the immunoperoxidase technique allows one to realize the diagnostic potential of immunocytochemistry. CD34 immunotyping of blasts in normal human bone marrow showed 0.8 +/- 0.4% CD34 positive blasts and these cells had the morphology of type 1 blasts. The increase of bone marrow blasts in RAEB patients is related to CD34 negative type II and III blasts. A clone of undifferentiated CD34 positive blasts is characteristic of RAEB-T and acute myeloid leukaemia evolving from myelodysplasia. The detection of CD34 positive bone marrow blasts allows a better discrimination between RAEB and RAEB-T.
 ...
PMID:CD34 immunophenotyping of blasts in myelodysplasia. 753 58


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>