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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-five cases of a special pattern of chronic myeloid leukemia characterized, at the first evaluation, by excessive amount of blasts in blood or bone marrow (myeloblasts greater than or equal to 20%), Ph1 chromosome, and short evolution (median survival = 14,5 months) are reported. Age, spleen volume, white blood cell count are in keeping with those found in usual chronic myeloid leukemia (C.M.L.). However, clinical course is more severe with fever, bone pains, and anemia. Myelogibrosis, high circulating basophil polymorphonuclear count, platelet and megacaryocyte abnormalities (in morphology and number) are frequently associated with blastic excess. Subacute myeloid leukemia Ph1 positive (L.M.S. Ph1+) is proposed as an appellation for these cases in order to distinguish them from chronic myelocytic leukemia (C.M.L.) and other subacute myelogytic leukemias. The association of Ph1 chromosome excess of blasts and bone marrow fibrosis distinguishes L.M.S. Ph+ from: 1 degree C.M.L. with myelogibrosis; 2 degrees unusual cases of Ph1 positive myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (M.M.M.); 3 degrees h1 positive acute leukemia. Forms of L.M.S. Ph+ with heavy blastic involvement are probably transitional cases with Ph1 acute myeloblastic leukemia. Prognosis is poorer than in C.M.L. but better than in acute blastic crisis occurring after chronic phase, which can be very similar to L.M.S. Ph1+, when seen for the first time.
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PMID:[Subacute myelogenous leukemia with Phildelphia chromosome]. 13 41

"Smoldering acute leukemia", a variant of acute myelogenous leukemia, has been recognized with frequent incidence in recent years. This is chracterized by benign clinical course, poor physical findings, leukopenia and mild anemia in the peripheral blood, and apparent infiltration of abnormal myeloblasts in the bone marrow. Immunological studies of the host defence mechanism were made, because the pathogenesis of its "smoldering" course has never been well understood. Nine cases, seen during last 2 years, were investigated for immunological profile, especially the cellular immunity. Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, i.e., tuberculin test, was found to be positive in 8 of 9 cases (88.9%). Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization test showed to be positive in 4 of 6 cases examined (66.9%). Peripheral lymphocyte balstogenesis by stimulating with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated using the smear counting method. The blastoid lymphocyte ratio was 55% at the median value (range: 31-68%), compared with 63% in normal young control (age: 25-32) and 41% in normal aged control (age: 60-75). In this report, the cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia was proved to be preserved at the normal level and to be more competent than that in aged group. The preserved cellular immunity is considered to explain the phenomenon of "smoldering", in other words, the exacerbating proliferation of leukemic cells is suppressed by immuno-surveillance system.
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PMID:Preserved cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia. 13 84

Neocarzinostatin (NCZ), an acidic polypeptide antibiotic, was given to 47 patients with cancer and leukemia, and tolerance to two schedules, a single dose given as a 2 hour infusion and a continuous infusion over 5 days was investigated. Immediate reactions, including fever, chills, rigor, hypertension and mental confusion, were dose-limiting for the 2 hour infusion schedule, occurring at 3000 U/m2 and higher. Continuous administration for 5 days eliminated the immediate reactions and then hematological toxicity--often prolonged leukopenia and thrombocytopenia--became dose-limiting. Other toxicities of NCZ at both dose schedules included anemia, fever and chills, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, hepatic dysfunction, azotemia, hypophosphatemia, aminoaciduria, stomatitis, phlebitis and/or cellulitis at the venous infusion site and pruritus. Patients with solid tumors who had received little or no prior chemotherapy and had good bone marrow reserve tolerated up to 6000 U/m2/24 hours X 5 days. One patient with previously treated acute myelocytic leukemia was induced into a good partial remission lasting 10 weeks.
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PMID:Phase I study with neocarzinostatin: tolerance to two hour infusion and continuous infusion. 15 43

In man, hematologic abnormalities precede the development of acute myeloblastic leukemia in about one-third of individuals. This preleukemic state may represent a stage of adult leukemia wherein small numbers of leukemic cells are present and the normal marrow stem cell compartment has not been seriously compromised. A syndrome resembling human preleukemia occurs in cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). This disorder is characterized by anemia, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia occurring weeks or months prior to the development of feline acute leukemia. The natural occurrence of this syndrome in this domestic animal population makes it a potential model of human preleukemia. Initial poor results of therapy of human preleukemia presently prohibit one from carrying out controlled trials with chemotherapeutic agents in such a group of patients. Preliminary trials with chemo- and/or immunotherapy may be more easily attempted with FeLV infected preleukemic cats.
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PMID:Feline preleukemia: an animal model of human disease. 22 Aug 6

In a cooperative trial, 90 patients with refractory anaemia with an excess of blast cells in the marrow were evaluated and treated with androgens. The clinical presentation was very similar to previously published observations: features of medullary insufficiency were less marked than in primary aplastic anaemia; bone marrow blastic infiltration varied from case to case, and remained stable until death or until an acute leukaemic change. All the patients were treated with high doses of androgens as for aplastic anaemia. The efficacy of this therapy was poor. The average life expectancy was 13 months, 64% of deaths being associated with a change to acute myeloid leukaemia. A severe bone marrow deficiency foreshadowed early death, but myeloblastic transformation was observed whatever the initial degree of blastic infiltration of the bone marrow. A comparison with the literature suggests that androgen therapy may accelerate the change to acute leukaemia.
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PMID:Refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow: a clinical trial of androgens in 90 patients. 27 Oct 13

A 31-yr-old female with congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) whose long course terminated in acute myelogenous leukemia is described. In contrast to Fanconi anemia, malignant transformation rarely occurs in congenital hypoplastic anemia. This patient's diagnosis of congenital hypoplastic anemia is supported by her clinical course, absence of renal abnormalities, a negative family history for hematologic disorders, normal chromosome studies, failure of her skin fibroblasts to transform in culture with SV-40 virus, macrocytic erythrocyte indices, erythrocyte enzyme studies, and bone marrow findings. Only two other cases of malignancy have been reported in patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia. The development of malignancy in these patients suggests that malignant transformation may be a concern in the long-term progression of congenital hypoplastic anemia.
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PMID:Congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) terminating in acute myelogenous leukemia. 27 51

Thirteen consecutive stage II breast cancer patients were treated with long-term adjuvant chemotherapy using chlorambucil. At least three of these patients developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). All three patients (and possibly a fourth) who developed AML were postmenopausal, received continuous chlorambucil for greater than or equal to 4 years, had acute red cell anemia at the time of treatment, and had a wbc count in the range of 2700-7700/mm3. After the chlorambucil was discontinued, the wbc count began to slowly rise and the patient developed clinical AML. In all three patients, the diagnosis of AML was established by pathologists on the basis of bone marrow biopsy, aspirate, and peripheral smears. Each of these was subsequently reviewed by the hematologist who treated the patients for AML. Patients who have breast cancer (or any other solid tumor malignancy) are at risk to develop a second malignancy. However, an increasing number of reports are appearing suggesting more than just a casual relationship between leukemia and the use of alkylating agents. This may be related to the dose and duration of therapy with these agents.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia in patients receiving chlorambucil as long-term adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer. 27 42

Prospective data on 40 new cases of adult onset (greater than 15 years of age) acute leukemia is presented. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounted for more than half of all the acute leukemias and represented 75% of the acute leukemias in the 15--25 years. The reasons for this finding remain to be explained. age group. The mean leukocyte count was significantly higher in the ALL group as compared to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients (111.7 x 103 + 26.3 x 103 versus 19.3 x 103 +/- 6.1 x 103, respectively). Thrombocytopenia, anemia and hemorrhagic signs including petechiae, ecchymoses and gum bleeding were more common in the AML group. This study verifies our clinical impression that ALL is more frequent than AML among our adult patients below the age of 25 years. The reasons for this finding remain to be explained.
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PMID:Acute leukemia in adults. 28 Aug 96

The data on 31 patients who fit into the clinical spectrum of subacute myeloid leukemia have been reviewed. The majority of patients were male with a median age of 61 years. The interval from onset of symptoms to actual diagnosis was extremely variable, with a mean of 16 months and a median of six months. Most patients presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia, although the white blood cell count varied from striking leukopenia to marked leukocytosis. Examination of the bone marrow invariably revealed abnormalities of all cell lines with megaloblastoid erythrogenesis and dysplastic megakaryocytopoiesis. Although the white cell line showed prominence of immature forms, there was more maturation than is seen in acute myeloid leukemia. Survival from diagnosis was variable, from less than one month to greater than 68 months, with a median of only six months. Anemia and hepatosplenomegaly were prognosticators of a poor outlook; patients with hepatosplenomegaly in association with either leukocytosis or thrombocytopenia had a particularly poor outlook, with a median survival of only one and a half months. Approximately half the patients received chemotherapy with no demonstrated effect on survival.
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PMID:Subacute myeloid leukemia: a clinical review. 28 73

This report deals with a new syndrome characterized by refractory anemia, an aberration of chromosome 5 (deletion of the long arm) and the subsequent appearance of acute myeloid leukemia. The results stress the importance of chromosomal studies in cases of unclear, long-lasting and therapy-resistant anemia, since they may allow the early recognition of the development of acute leukemia.
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PMID:[Acute myeloid leukemia with chromosome 5 deletion (a new syndrome)]. 29 13


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