Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred consecutive patients with hemoglobin concentration less than 3.5 g/dL (hematocrit reading, less than 10%) were admitted to the University of Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq, during a 30-month period. Twenty-eight patients had aplastic anemia, 27 had leukemia or other hemopoietic malignancies, 16 had chronic renal failure, eight had iron-deficiency anemia, eight had hemolytic anemia, seven had thalassemia major, and six had other conditions. Twenty-three patients died within seven days of admission, mostly due to the underlying disease or complications thereof. Heart failure developed in ten patients, and five had retinal exudates and hemorrhages attributed to severe anemia. Arrhythmias and ECG abnormalities were noted in 20 of 68 patients. Blood transfusion was instituted in all but three patients, whose anemia was corrected with specific therapy without blood transfusion. The tolerance of the 100 patients to such severe anemia was remarkable.
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PMID:Severe anemia. Clinical observations in 100 patients with very low hemoglobin levels. 47 23

Spontaneous gyriform brightness seen on CT scan is an unusual finding unless associated with arteriovenous malformations (AVM). There are sporadic case reports in the literature of its occurrence in association with herpex simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE), purulent meningitis, following chemotherapy for leukaemia, in a child with chronic renal failure, and in a child with folic acid deficiency. We present a series of seven cases exhibiting this phenomenon, none of whom have AVMs, who have been scanned at this hospital in the first 2 1/2 years following the installation of a CT scanner. Four of the cases had congenital heart disease requiring corrective surgery or cardiac catheterisation. The other three had probable meningo-encephalitis. In all cases the gyriform brightness followed an ischaemic insult to the child's brain. We hypothesise that this phenomenon is an ischaemic response in the immature brain and that its occurrence is not so rare as the literature may suggest.
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PMID:Transient gyriform brightness on non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) brain scan of seven infants. 204 56

Using an enzyme linked immunosolvent assay kit supplied by Toyobo Co., erythropoietin (EPO) concentration in plasma was measured. Normal 100 samples showed a logarithmic distribution in EPO concentrations and normal range was between 5.4-32.5 mU/ml (mean +/- 2 SD). Coefficient variations (C.V.) of 3 samples continuously assayed were 3.8%, 6.5%, and 9.1% and C.V. of 3 samples assayed day by day were 3.6%, 7.2%, and 11.5%. Dilution test revealed that 3 samples diluted to 75%, 50%, and 25% were on each line which go through zero point. After the addition of 5.0, 15.0, and 35.0 mU/ml of EPO to the 3 samples, assay of EPO revealed 95.5 +/- 6.3% (mean +/- SD) of recovery. Assay of EPO in plasma from 19 patients with aplastic anemia revealed that all samples were higher than normal range and that 4 samples from the patients with severe aplastic anemia (less than 8.0 g/dl of hemoglobin) showed higher than 3,000 mU/ml. Furthermore, 67% (14/21) of samples from patients with leukemia showed higher than normal range in EPO concentration. EPO concentration in plasma from 17 patients with chronic renal failure were within normal range although the patients showed anemia.
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PMID:[Assay of erythropoietin in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]. 260 Oct 73

Within two years we have had the opportunity of observing seven leukemic children who were referred to our Pediatric Nephrology Unit for delayed renal failure following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). These children (3 to 12 years old), six with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and one with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), underwent BMT (4 autologous BMT, 3 allogeneic BMT) after the first remission in two, and after the second remission in five. Preparative regimen for BMT included cyclosphosphamide in three, cyclosphosphamide, vepeside and cytosine A in four, and a total body irradiation in a single dose of 10 grays (1000 R) in all of them. Three children were treated immediately after grafting with low dose cyclosporine for four to six months. Five to 10 months after BMT, four patients developed a hemolytic uremic syndrome with severe hypertension. The remaining three were found to have isolated renal insufficiency several months post-BMT. In the seven patients, renal biopsy showed a uniform pattern of severe glomerular involvement characterized by extensive lesions of mesangiolysis associated with severe arteriolonecrosis. A repeat biopsy performed one year later, in two patients showed severe scarring of the renal parenchyma with minor lesions of mesangiolysis. The similarity of the pathologic features observed suggests that the same mechanism might have been operative in the seven patients. It is very likely that the nephropathy is related to total body irradiation enhanced by chemotherapy. We conclude that current treatments of high risk leukemia might become a new cause of chronic renal failure. Further investigations are needed to know the exact incidence of this complication.
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PMID:Delayed renal failure with extensive mesangiolysis following bone marrow transplantation. 267 66

In order to clarify the prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in the Kagoshima district, Japan, a highly endemic area for HTLV-I, antibodies for HTLV-I (anti-HTLV-I) were examined in the sera of 6167 from healthy residents and patients with various hematologic and nonhematologic diseases. In healthy residents, including blood donors, the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I was 11.9% (562/4741 persons). The prevalence increased with age, and was significantly higher in in females than in males (P less than 0.01). The prevalence of anti-HTLV-I in blood donors was 8.5%. In In hematologic diseases, the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I was 98.3% in ATL, 28.9% in lymphoproliferative disorders except ATL, and 10.6% in myeloproliferative disorders. In nonhematologic diseases, the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I was shown to be 29.5% in pulmonary tuberculosis, 25.8% in leprosy, 33.8% in chronic renal failure (CRF), 21.9% in autoimmune diseases, and 47.8% in strongyloidiasis. The various diseases except myeloproliferative disorders had significantly higher prevalence of anti-HTLV-I than healthy residents (P less than 0.01 or 0.05). For autoimmune diseases, the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I in patients with blood transfusion (55.6%) was higher than in those without blood transfusion (8.7%), and healthy residents. In hemodialysis patients with CRF who had received blood transfusions the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I increased with the number of blood transfusions. Therefore, HTLV-I transmission via blood transfusion would partially explain these high prevalence of anti-HTLV-I. However, the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I in hemodialysis patients with CRF was statistically higher than that in healthy residents, regardless of blood transfusion (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, hemodialysis patients showed significantly higher prevalence of anti-HTLV-I than healthy residents, even at a younger age. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and leprosy showed the same results as hemodialysis patients. These results suggest that possibility that HTLV-I infection has some relation not only to ATL but also to other diseases. Therefore, it seems very important to halt the spread of HTLV-I transmission as soon as possible.
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PMID:The prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection in patients with hematologic and nonhematologic diseases in an adult T-cell leukemia-endemic area of Japan. 276 24

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is a unique T-cell cancer first described in Japan. We estimate that more than 200 patients a year have been detected in Kyushu. The surface phenotype of ATL cells characterized by monoclonal antibodies is T3+, T4+, T8-, T11+, and Tac+. In all cases the serum is positive for anti-human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus (HTLV-I) antibodies and the ATL cells contain the proviral DNA of HTLV-I. Variations in the clinical features of atypical cases suggest a division of the spectrum of ATL into five types: acute (prototypic), chronic, smoldering, crisis, and lymphoma. Screening of the sera from healthy adults for presence of the anti-HTLV-I antibodies revealed that 3.6% of healthy individuals in Kumamoto Prefecture, which is located in the middle of Kyushu, were HTLV-I carriers. The percentage of positivity increased with age and was higher in females than in males. It varied from town to town, ranging from 0 to 17.6%. Family studies showed that the routes of natural infection of HTLV-I are from mother to child and also from husband to wife. The third route is blood transfusion. The borderline between the healthy carrier state and smoldering ATL remains unclear. In the endemic areas smoldering ATL is frequently diagnosed in patients with fungus infection of the skin, chronic lymphadenopathy, interstitial pneumonitis, chronic renal failure, and strongyloidiasis. In addition our experiences with a concurrence of lymphoma-type ATL in three sisters and spontaneous remissions in a patient with chronic ATL are cited.
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PMID:Clinical diversity in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. 286 96

A large excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been documented in renal transplant patients and may be related to immunosuppressive therapy, persistent antigenic challenge from the graft, or both. To determine whether immuno-suppression resulting from chronic renal failure is associated with an elevated risk of certain tumors such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the authors studied cancer incidence in a national cohort of 28,049 patients in the United States with chronic renal failure who received maintenance dialysis for at least six months (totaling 66,706 person-years of observation). Compared with national incidence rates, the relative risk (RR) of cancer was 0.9 (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, and uterine cervix cancer). Moderate excesses of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, thyroid cancer, and biliary tract cancer were found, but were not statistically significant for both sexes combined. A significantly elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (RR = 2.6) accounted for the excess observed in the total series, raising the possibility of factors specific to this disease.
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PMID:Cancer in patients receiving long-term dialysis treatment. 311 33

Determinations of methylamine and dimethylamine in the fecal samples from normal subjects (n = 22), nonhemodialysis patients (n = 10), and hemodialysis patients (n = 14) with chronic renal failure have been made by high-performance liquid chromatography of their 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives. Fecal methylamine level was significantly lower in the normal group than in the nonhemodialysis group (P less than 0.05) and in the hemodialysis group (P less than 0.05). The mean dimethylamine value of the hemodialysis group was significantly higher than that of the nonhemodialysis group (P less than 0.01) and that of the normal group (P less than 0.005). The method has also been applied to the determination of the two amines in the fecal samples from two patients with leukemia who had been isolated and sterilized in the laminar air flow rooms. Preliminary in vitro experiments were given of the possible pathway for the production of these amines by the incubation of normal fecal samples with added creatinine.
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PMID:Fecal methylamine and dimethylamine in chronic renal failure. 324 71

Four cases of Malassezia folliculitis in immuno-compromised patients with leukemia, papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung, and chronic renal failure are reported. This condition manifests with multiple bland asymptomatic follicular papules of the trunk and arms. Biopsy specimens show dilated follicles containing unipolar budding yeast forms. Malassezia is a common infection that must be differentiated from the cutaneous manifestations of systemic candidiasis.
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PMID:Malassezia folliculitis in immunocompromised patients. 401 48

The clinical history of 3 adult patients infected by Listeria monocytogenes is presented. One patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia developed purulent meningitis; the 2 others had chronic renal failure and were undergoing routine haemodialysis. Of the latter, one developed meningitis and the other bacteraemia after receiving 2 blood transfusions. Immuno-suppression, or the underlying disease of the hosts, probably played a role in permitting the infection to establish itself. The rural environment may also have been conducive to the transfer of this particular, rarely infectious, micro-organism to these patients.
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PMID:Meningitis and bacteraemia due to Listeria monocytogenes in compromised hosts. 679 Nov 49


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