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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunophenotype of leukaemia cells from 60 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was analysed with the APAAP technique using a panel of anti-myeloid and lymphoid associated monoclonal antibodies (McAb). Cells from all cases, including three with negative cytochemical features, were labelled by at least one of the anti-myeloid McAb CD13, anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-Mpo), and/or CD14. The most sensitive marker was CD13, since it was positive in 90% of cases. In two out of three AML cases defined as M0-AML, CD13 was expressed in the cytoplasm but not on the membrane; in these three cases peroxidase (Mpo) was not detected by conventional cytochemistry, but could be demonstrated in all of them using the McAb anti-Mpo. The simultaneous expression of CD14 and CD68 McAb was often confined to the M4 and M5 FAB AML subtypes (92% cases) as compared to the others: M1, M2, M3 (18% cases). Lymphoid antigens were rarely positive (TdT+: 13%, CD7+: 15%, CD19+: 5%) and none of the AML cases were CD3+ or CD10+. By contrast, CD4 was expressed in blasts from 44% of cases and this was not restricted to AML with a monocytic component (M4, M5) but also found in other subtypes. There were no significant differences in the clinical or prognostic features according to the positivity or negativity with TdT and CD4. By contrast, expression of CD7 was associated with refractoriness to the treatment or short complete remission duration, although the number of patients is too small to draw firm conclusions. Our findings support the clinical and diagnostic relevance of immunophenotypic studies in AML.
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PMID:The value of detecting surface and cytoplasmic antigens in acute myeloid leukaemia. 132 89

Development of a fixation allowed flow cytometric analysis of nuclear and intracellular antigen in leukemic cells. In this paper the analyzing procedure of cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase by FCM was described. This procedure is more sensitive than cytochemical staining of fixed cell smears and more specific than cell surface immunophenotyping by CD13, CD14, CD33. So, this technique is useful for classification of myelogenous leukemic cells especially MO type leukemia by FAB classification. This technique also allowed two color analysis of cell surface antigens and cytoplasmic antigens. Mixed lineage leukemia can be easily and accurately classified by using of this procedure.
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PMID:[Quantitative analysis of cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase positive leukemic cells by FCM]. 133 19

Blood samples from 40 adult patients with untreated acute leukaemia were processed through the Technicon H*1 blood autoanalyser which gives a complete white cell differential count using flow cytochemistry and provides white cell cytograms as well. We examined the differences in the percentage differential counts and the white cell cytograms of various FAB types of acute leukaemia in an attempt to estimate the usefulness of this easily obtainable data for the identification of acute leukaemias. Differentiation of the 33 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases from the 7 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases was possible on the basis of lymphocyte percentage (AML mean 29.6 vs. ALL mean 67.1, p < 0.01), monocyte percentage (AML mean 12.5 vs. ALL mean 3.3, p < 0.001), mean peroxidase activity value (AML mean -12.6 vs. ALL mean -0.6, p < 0.01) and the absence of IG flag (circulating immature granulocytes) in ALL. Interestingly, the FAB subtypes of AML could be distinguished from each other on the basis of characteristic patterns of cell distribution in the peroxidase cytogram when the total white cell count was over 10 x 10(9)/l. Even with lower counts the differences were distinctive providing that circulating blasts were present.
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PMID:Use of flow cytochemistry via the H*1 in FAB identification of acute leukaemias. 133 11

Cytochemical analysis of leukemic blasts from 46 patients with acute myeloblastic M2 leukemia (according to the FAB classification) was performed before and after cytostatic therapy, and compared with findings obtained in 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Cytochemical findings for myeloperoxidase (MPO), Sudan black B, acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) were related to the achievement of the first complete remission (CR), i.e. data were compared after the patients had been divided into CR and non-CR groups. The analysis clearly showed that a high proportion of myeloperoxidase- and, to a lesser extent, Sudan black B-positive blasts before treatment may have constituted a significantly unfavourable prognostic factor.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of cytochemical analysis of leukemic M2 blasts. 134 19

Cytometric assessment of the leukemic blasts was performed in the course of diagnosing acute leukemia. The results of the cytometric study were used as prognostic parameters. We measured the surface of the nucleus and of the cytoplasm, and calculated the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio. The investigation was carried out on peripheral blood and bone marrow smears in 50 patients with acute leukemia, classified according to the FAB classification. The results showed that the mean surface of the nucleus in all groups was significantly bigger in bone marrow cells than in the peripheral blood. In non-lymphoblastic leukemia no significant differences of the mean leukemic blast nucleus surface were found among the subgroups either in the bone marrow or in the peripheral blood. Concerning the mean surface of the blast cytoplasm in the peripheral blood it has been established that in the subgroup M-2 it is significantly the smallest in nonlymphoblastic leukemia subgroups, while in the bone marrow it is significantly bigger in M-2 and M-4 subgroups than in the peripheral blood. In lymphoblastic leukemia the mean surfaces of the cytoplasm in the peripheral blood were not significantly different from those in the bone marrow, while concerning the mean surface of the nucleus the difference was registered in favor of the bone marrow. The nucleus-cytoplasm ratio was rather high in the blasts of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cytometric study of blast cells in acute leukemias and their prognostic value]. 134 51

The value of the hypervariable X-linked probe M27 beta for use in the analysis of X-chromosome inactivation patterns in normal blood and bone marrow cells and in the assessment of clonality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast cells has been determined. By electrophoresing samples for 30 h, heterozygosity of the M27 beta locus was demonstrable in 324/415 females (78%) and this value could be increased to 93% by electrophoresing for 50 h. Determination of the X-chromosome inactivation patterns in blood and bone marrow samples from hematologically normal females was possible in approximately 90% of heterozygous individuals. The X-chromosome inactivation ratios obtained with M27 beta were comparable with phosphoglycerate kinase or hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase in 46 individuals heterozygous for one of these genes in addition to M27 beta. The results obtained were closely correlated (r = 0.89). In 21 of 35 (60%) AML blasts, however, there was hypermethylation of the M27 beta locus and clonal analysis was not possible. Hypermethylation was not related to FAB type.
Leukemia 1992 Jul
PMID:Assessment of X-chromosome inactivation patterns using the hypervariable probe M27 beta in normal hemopoietic cells and acute myeloid leukemic blasts. 135 60

Inversion of chromosome 16 was found in a 73-year-old female with acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB:M2). Complete remission was achieved by combined chemotherapy (DNR, Ara-C, 6-MP, Prednisolone), but she relapsed 6 months later without CNS involvement and died of respiratory failure presumably due to cerebrovascular accident during remission reinduction chemotherapy. Biphenotypic surface markers (CD2+ and CD13+) were observed on relapse. Eosinophilia was not observed throughout. Our patient and the other reported case suggest that biphenotypism and the lack of eosinophilia and monocytosis in inv (16) leukemia may be correlated with a poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Inversion of chromosome 16 observed in acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) with biphenotypic surface markers lacking monocytosis and eosinophilia]. 135 70

FAB Cooperative Group has cited 3 or higher percentage in the peroxidase (PO) activity as one of criteria for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. We have previously reported in two cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) that there was a great difference between 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 3-amino 9-ethyl carbazole (3AC) as substrates for PO reaction. In order to confirm the previous result, we extended the cases and compared the PO activities in blood films taken from several leukemic subjects, which were fixed with various kinds of fixatives, using DAB and 3AC as substrates. Their peroxidase activities were also determined through electron microscopy (EM-PO). There were no differences among fixatives and substrates in staining normal granulocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes) and cells in 13 cases of leukemia, except for two cases, one with M4 and the other with relapse of M2. These showed the highest PO activity with 3AC staining and 10% formaldehyde acetone buffer for fixation. Besides, all types manifested the highest positivity in EM-PO, except for the relapse of M2 that showed a higher positivity in the peroxidase stain by 3AC staining, 10% formaldehyde acetone buffer fixation than the EM-PO. Unlike other leukemic blasts PO reaction products of blast cells of the two cases showed a scattered distribution of microscopic granules. These findings suggested the difference, which was seen in the previous reports, of the PO stain between two substrates might be due not only to sensitivity for staining but to the presence of some heterogeneity such as isoenzyme in the myeloperoxidase.
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PMID:[The sensitivity and specificity of various peroxidase stains--the difference between DAB and 3AC stainings]. 137 54

The expression and function of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, CD56, Leu19) on leukaemic blasts was investigated. The expression of NCAM was frequent (64%) in 14 studied cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) but not in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL: 1/3 cases positive) or immunocytoma (IC: no positivity). No correlation with the expression of other AM (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), leucocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1). VLA beta chain) or with AML type, according to FAB classification, was observed. Blocking of NCAM with anti-Leu 19 MoAb on AML targets resulted in a significant decrease of their susceptibility to LAK killing and in inhibition of conjugate formation. In the case of B prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL) which did not express ICAM-1 or LFA-1 but was NCAM+, a complete resistance to LAK activity and lack of conjugate formation was observed. Blocking of NCAM on LAK effectors did not decrease their cytotoxic activity. Our results suggest that NCAM, in the presence of other AM, may have a supportive role in adhesion of leukaemic targets to LAK effectors.
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PMID:A supportive role of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in adhesion between leukaemic blasts and cytotoxic lymphocytes. 137

We examined the feasibility of maintaining specific plasma concentrations of ara-C and VP-16 in children with AML. Sixty-one children were treated with 6 sequential cycles of intensive chemotherapy consisting of: (1) cytarabine (ara-C)/VP-16, (2) ara-C/daunorubicin (Dauno), (3) VP-16/amsacrine (m-AMSA), (4) VP-16/5-azacytidine (5-Az), (5) ara-C/Dauno, and (6) ara-C/VP-16. Fifty-nine children had de novo AML, and 2 had a previous myelodysplastic syndrome. The number of patients with each specific FAB subtype was: M0-1; M1-7; M2-24; M3-7; M4-5; M5-11; and M7-6. Simultaneous continuous infusions of ara-C and VP-16 (cycle 1) given at individualized doses to achieve drug plasma concentrations of 1 microM and 30 microM, respectively, produced complete remission (CR) in 26 of 61 patients (43%); an additional 17 patients entered CR after Dauno/ara-C (cycle 2), and one patient required 4 cycles of chemotherapy to achieve CR (total CR rate = 72%). The preliminary 2-year event-free survival (EFS) for patients with FAB-M1 and -M2 AML was only 15% versus 40% for those with FAB-M4 and -M5 AML. Overall, 21 of the 61 patients remain in CR (2-yr EFS = 29%). We conclude that intense treatment with ara-C and VP-16 at doses individualized to achieve target plasma concentrations is feasible although severely myelosuppressive. It results in an acceptable CR rate, but does not improve EFS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Leukemia 1992
PMID:Current strategies for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia at St Jude Children's Research Hospital. 137 92


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