Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in April 1995, because of nasal obstruction, bloody rhinorrhea and hearing disturbance. She had no lymphadenopathy or skin eruptions. Laboratory examinations revealed a WBC count of 2.7 x 10(9)/L without abnormal cells, positive serum anti-HTLV-I antibody, normal lactate dehydrogenase and normal calcium level. MRI showed an epipharyngeal mass. No involvement was detected by CT scanning of the chest and abdomen, 67Ga scintigraphy and bone marrow biopsy. The pathological diagnosis of the biopsied specimen from the epipharyngeal mass was T-cell diffuse lymphoma, pleomorphic type. Monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA was detected in lymphoma cells, which confirmed a diagnosis of extranodal adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma primarily involving the epipharynx. She was treated with CAMBO-VIP regimen followed by adjuvant involved-field radiotherapy and she continues to be in complete remission as of April 1996.
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PMID:[Adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma primarily involving the epipharynx]. 896 Jun 73

We have examined the use of the LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay for chemosensitivity testing in established and primary cultures of sarcoma, leukaemia and ovarian cancer in parallel with the MTT assay. The method we describe is rapid, sensitive and ideal for 96-well plate assays using adherent or suspension cultures. Excellent agreement between the two methods was observed (r = 0.936) using a variety of antitumour agents, with some notable exceptions. In the Bax (human synovial sarcoma) cell line MTT colour production by control cells was very low, thus MTT-->formazan production could not be relied upon as a definitive end point equating with cell number. In contrast, colour production of control cells using the LDH assay was significantly greater and all cultures tested were suitable for titration of chemosensitivity. There was a discrepancy between IC50 values obtained either by cell counting or MTT in the HTB88 (human leiomyosarcoma) line treated with 5-FU (59.9 microM vs > 200 microM, respectively). However, cell counting agreed well with the LDH assay (IC50 47.3 microM). Whilst the MTT assay remains a reliable method for chemosensitivity testing, the LDH assay may prove more appropriate in certain experimental settings.
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PMID:Chemosensitivity testing of fresh and continuous tumor cell cultures using lactate dehydrogenase. 906 57

Age-dependent poliomyelitis is a paralytic disease of C58 and AKR mice caused by cytocidal infection of anterior horn neurons with neuropathogenic strains of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). The motor neurons are rendered LDV-permissive via an unknown mechanism through the expression of ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) in central nervous system (CNS) glial cells. Only old mice develop paralytic disease after LDV infection, but mice 5-6 months old or older can be rendered susceptible by suppression of anti-LDV immune responses by a single treatment with cyclophosphamide or X-irradiation before LDV infection. Younger mice appeared to be resistant in spite of this immunosuppresive treatment. The present results confirm that mice as young as 1 month of age possess CNS cells expressing ecotropic MuLV and show that these mice are susceptible to paralytic LDV infection provided their anti-LDV immune responses are blocked for an extended period of time by repeated cyclophosphamide treatments or by a genetic defect. Furthermore, old mice become naturally susceptible to paralytic LDV infection because of an impaired ability to mount a motor neuron protective anti-LDV immune response.
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PMID:C58 and AKR mice of all ages develop motor neuron disease after lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus infection but only if antiviral immune responses are blocked by chemical or genetic means or as a result of old age. 922 62

The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical efficacy of multidrug chemotherapy for aggressive adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We report the therapeutic results of treatment of patients with aggressive ATL undertaken between 1986 and 1995. A total of 120 newly diagnosed patients with a performance status of 0-3 and aged < 70 years at diagnosis were entered into the study. Clinical features, including clinical subtypes, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen, the response to chemotherapy, and doses of individual chemotherapeutic agents, were evaluated. Of the 120 patients enrolled, 97 had acute-type and 23 lymphoma-type ATL. The complete response rate and median survival of these patients were 25.3% and 9 months, respectively. The 2- and 5-year survival rates were 18.4% and 8%, respectively, and five patients have been alive for > 5 years and are disease-free. These long-term survivors had good prognostic factors at diagnosis. There was no correlation between the doses of the various chemotherapeutic agents and the survival duration. These results indicate that ordinary combined chemotherapy has limited ability to improve the prognosis of aggressive ATL. Our previous study indicated that expression of P-glycoprotein in ATL cells might be involved in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, particularly doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies will be necessary to improve the prognosis of ATL patients.
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PMID:Treatment for adult T-cell leukemia. 927 34

We examined 111 patients with acute type- or lymphoma type-adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and compared them with 106 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In addition to skin involvement and hypercalcemia which are already known to be frequent in ATL, ATL patients showed an higher incidence of hepatic involvement. There was more frequent palpable hepatomegaly, higher total bilirubin, GOT, GPT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase values in ATL than in NHL patients (p < 0.0001). Among 36 autopsied liver samples, invasion of ATL cells was confirmed in 22 cases. ATL patients with impaired hepatic function showed shorter survival times than patients without hepatic dysfunction. Moreover, ATL patients showed a worse performance status (PS), a higher incidence of lytic bone lesions, lower total protein (TP) and serum albumin levels than NHL patients. This invasive characters of ATL cells and consequent impaired general condition seemed to be factors affecting the poor prognosis recorded in ATL.
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PMID:Frequent hepatic involvement in adult T cell leukemia: comparison with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 932 95

Age-dependent poliomyelitis (ADPM) is a neuroparolytic disease which results from combined infection of susceptible mice with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) and murine leukemia virus (MuLV). The present study examined the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment on the incidence of ADPM, replication of LDV and MuLV and anti-LDV immunity. IFN-gamma treatment of ADPM-susceptible C58/M mice protected them from paralytic disease, but had no detectable effect on the IgG anti-LDV response or LDV viremia. IFN-gamma-mediated protection from ADPM correlated with reduced expression of LDV RNA, but not MuLV RNA, in the spinal cords of C58/M mice. These results confirm that spinal cord LDV replication is the determinant of ADPM and demonstrate that cytokine-mediated inhibition of LDV replication in the central nervous system prevents neuroparalytic disease.
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PMID:Inhibition of virus-induced age-dependent poliomyelitis by interferon-gamma. 933 Jul 56

We measured the circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL-6 levels in 59 ATL patients (median 8.2 pg/ml; range < 1.0 to 185.7 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in 30 healthy controls (median < 1.0 pg/ml; range < 1.0 to 3.5 pg/ml) (P < 0.0001) or 32 human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) carriers (median 4.2 pg/ml: range < 1.0 to 13.3 pg/ml) (P = 0.002). Among the ATL patients, the IL-6 levels in the acute- or lymphoma-type patients were significantly higher than those in the chronic-type patients (P < 0.0001). The IL-6 levels were also higher in the patients with B symptoms than in those without B symptoms (P = 0.039), and were significantly correlated with increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = 0.0004) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.0001) and decreased serum albumin (P = 0.0003) values. The patients with elevated IL-6 levels had inferior overall survival periods compared to those with normal IL-6 levels (P = 0.025). ATL is a single disease entity, although its clinical features are quite diverse; the increased production of cytokines may cause the diversity of clinical features. The results of our study indicate that IL-6 is one such cytokine.
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PMID:Circulating interleukin-6 levels are elevated in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma patients and correlate with adverse clinical features and survival. 945 Aug 1

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the outcome after polychemotherapy for patients with primary cutaneous large-cell lymphomas (PCLL) and to validate the recently proposed immunohistologic classification of cutaneous lymphomas. Among 140 patients with positive skin biopsies included in the LNH87 protocol (for treatment of aggressive lymphomas), 49 patients met the criteria of PCLL. Characteristics were: sex ratio M/F, 2.3; age 18 to 83 years (median, 52), peripheral lymph nodes, n=22; diffuse disease, n=12; median tumor size, 4.5 cm; elevated lactate dehydrogenase, n=9; ECOG: 0/1, n=49. Histology was: follicular center B cell, n=23; B-lymphoblastic, n=1; anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, n=14 (T cell phenotype n=8); CD30- T cell lymphoma, n=11. All patients received polychemotherapy: under 70 years, ACVBP (three to four cycles and consolidation for 6 months) n=25; mBACOD (eight cycles) n=16; over 70 years, C(T)VP (six cycles) n=8. Radiation therapy was not included in the protocol. With a median follow-up of 5 years, 24/49 patients had relapsed, with 20 skin relapses. Event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were, respectively, 50 and 77%. Significant adverse prognostic factors were: histology (CD30- T cell lymphoma) and diffuse cutaneous disease (>10% of skin). The presence of nodal involvement was only significant for EFS. When compared to 140 non-cutaneous lymphoma patients included in the same trial and fully matched for the main clinical characteristics, OS was similar. In conclusion, PCLL behaves like other localized B or T cell extranodal lymphomas with the same prognostic factors (LDH, ECOG, age) except for CD30+ PCLL which have a very good prognosis.
Leukemia 1998 Feb
PMID:Primary cutaneous large-cell lymphoma: analysis of 49 patients included in the LNH87 prospective trial of polychemotherapy for high-grade lymphomas. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. 951 84

Karyotypic studies of bone marrow were conducted in 79 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma who received a standard programme of chemotherapy. An abnormal karyotype was observed in 46% of patients, virtually all showing multiple abnormalities consistent with a long period of preclinical clonal evolution. Patients with an abnormal pattern showed various aberrations with hyperdiploidy in 64%, pseudodiploidy in 5% and hypodiploidy in 31%. The number of chromosomes affected ranged from two to 19 (median 10), with at least one trisomy in 83%, one monosomy in 75%, and one translocation in 42% of patients. Lymphoma-like karyotypes were present in 17% of patients with an abnormality but were not associated with atypical clinical features, such as an extramedullary mass, leukaemia, or increased serum lactate dehydrogenase. Monosomy or deletion of chromosome 13 was present in 47% of patients with an abnormal pattern, who lived for a shorter duration (median 10 months) than patients with other abnormalities (median 34 months) or with diploidy (median 35 months). The cause of the short survival of patients with monosomy or deletion of chromosome 13 was not clear, but further studies on the relationship with specific oncogenes are indicated.
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PMID:Prognostic value of cytogenetics in multiple myeloma. 957

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma recently recognised as a distinct disease entity. Little is known about the prognostic factors and optimal treatment of MCL. The aim of this study was to analyse retrospectively the clinical features and effect of treatment in 94 MCL patients diagnosed and treated in one centre between 1980 and 1996, and to find out different factors influencing the treatment results and prognosis. The median age of the patients was 66 years, and 77% were over 60 years old. Of the patients, 76% had advanced disease, the performance status (PS) was WHO 0-1 in 86%, and B symptoms were present in 35% of the cases. Bone marrow infiltration was found in 61% and overt leukaemia in 12% of the patients. Of the patients, 47% achieved complete remission with first- or second-line therapy. The median duration of remission, time to treatment failure (TTF), and survival were 28, 18, and 41 months, respectively. In multivariate analyses, age, stage and leukaemic disease were significantly associated with TTF, and age, stage, leukaemic disease and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with survival. Long-term prognosis is poor in MCL. None of the conventional chemotherapies seems curative. A prospective randomised trial should be made to evaluate the benefit of anthracycline-containing regimens in MCL.
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PMID:Mantle cell lymphoma: clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 94 patients. 964 Feb 17


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