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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 34 patients (16 women and 18 men) with acute leukaemias (8 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 26 with acute myeloblastic leukaemia), as yet untreated, the serum levels were determined of conjugated cholic acid, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (Chol). Serum conjugated cholic acid level was determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean values of AP and Chol activity were within the range of normal values in this laboratory, the values of AspAT and AlAT were slightly above this range, and LDH value exceeded twice this normal range. The mean bilirubin concentration was within normal range. The greatest changes were noted in conjugated cholic acid values, the mean value exceeded five times the upper normal range (1.0 mumol/l). In 30 patients (88%) the conjugated cholic acid level in the serum was above 1.0 mumol/l, in the remaining 4 cases it was above the mean value for the control group. No correlation was found between conjugated cholic acid and any of the determined parameters. These results point out that the serum level of conjugated cholic acid may be a valuable parameter for assessment of hepatocellular function in acute leukaemias.
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PMID:[Serum cholic acid levels in patients with acute leukemia]. 225 Dec 7

Adolescents had lower rates of remission induction and shorter event-free survival than younger children in this study of consecutively treated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). When compared to the younger patients (ages 1-9 years; n = 995), adolescents (ages 10-21 years; n = 338) were significantly more likely to have adverse prognostic features, including T cell phenotype, L2 blast cell morphology, higher serum lactate dehydrogenase level, higher leukocyte count, leukemic cell DNA index less than 1.16, and ploidy other than hyperdiploidy greater than 50. Within the adolescent group, outcome was worse for those older than 15 years. The increased frequency of unfavorable clinical and biologic features undoubtedly accounts in part for the poorer prognosis of adolescents with ALL. However, the independent prognostic significance of age greater than or equal to 10 years suggests that as yet unknown factors contribute to treatment failure in adolescent patients.
Leukemia 1990 Feb
PMID:Presenting features and treatment outcome of adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 230 60

In earlier studies of the cytogenetic characteristics of leukemic lymphoblasts from children with pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we concluded that certain chromosomal abnormalities explain, in part, the increased presence of high-risk features at diagnosis and the less favorable response to therapy among patients with this immunologic subclass of ALL. With extended follow-up and a larger patient population, we have further evaluated the biologic and clinical aspects of pre-B leukemia. Of 686 cases of ALL with adequate immunophenotyping, 150 were classified as pre-B cell. Seventy-seven (69%) of the 112 pre-B cases with fully banded karyotypes had a translocation. The t(1;19) accounted for 28 (25%) of these pre-B cases and 31 (6.5%) of all 480 consecutively banded ALL cases. Three (2.6%) of the pre-B cases had a novel dicentric (7;9)(p1?3;p11) translocation. A t(9;22)(q34;q11) and a t(4;11)(q21;q23) were observed in seven (6%) and three (2.6%) of the cases, respectively. Within the pre-B subgroup, comparison of t(1;19) cases (n = 28) with those having other translocations (n = 49) or no identifiable translocations (n = 35) indicated that higher leukocyte counts (P = .002), absence of DNA indexes greater than 1.16 (P = .02), higher serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (P less than .0001), and a higher frequency of nonwhite race (P = .006) were significantly related to the t(1;19). Both the t(1;19) and other chromosomal translocations were associated with an adverse prognosis in the subset of patients treated from 1979 to 1984 (Total Therapy study X). In a more recent and more intensive chemotherapy program (Total Therapy study XI), neither the t(1;19) nor other chromosomal translocations has conferred an inferior outcome, suggesting that effective treatment can offset the negative impact of chromosomal rearrangements in cases of childhood pre-B ALL.
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PMID:Cytogenetics of pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with emphasis on prognostic implications of the t(1;19). 238 Jul 59

In rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 (RBL-2H3) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, cardiotoxin from cobra venom induced a marked decrease in the level of [3H] phosphatidylinositol and a corresponding increase in the level of [3H]phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate over the course of 20 min as demonstrated in cells that had been labeled to equilibrium with [3H]inositol. The effect was dependent on the concentration (5-30 micrograms/ml) of the toxin. In plasma membrane-enriched fractions isolated from the two cell lines, the cardiotoxin enhanced the endogenous activity of phosphatidylinositol kinase especially at temperatures above 14 degrees C. In RBL-2H3 cells, cardiotoxin also induced release of substantial amounts of histamine and lactate dehydrogenase. The release of histamine, but not of lactate dehydrogenase, was totally dependent on external calcium and this release probably represented an exocytotic response of the cells to cardiotoxin. Although, initially, treatment with the toxin did not impair antigen-induced hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids or prevent the antigen-induced rise in the concentration of cytosol Ca2+, prolonged exposure to the toxin did result in a progressive loss of responsiveness of RBL-2H3 cells to antigen.
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PMID:Cardiotoxin from cobra venom increases the level of phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol kinase activity in two cell lines. 245 19

The widespread presence of endogenous retroviruses in the genomes of animals and humans has suggested that these viruses may be involved in both normal and abnormal developmental processes. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) in the development of age-dependent poliomyelitis caused by infection of old C58 or AKR mice by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). The only genetic components which segregate with susceptibility to LDV-induced paralytic disease are multiple proviral copies of ecotropic MuLV and the permissive allele, at the Fv-1 locus, for N-tropic, ecotropic virus replication (Fv-1n/n). Using in situ hybridization and Northern (RNA) blot hybridization, we have correlated the expression of the endogenous MuLV, both temporally and spatially, with LDV infection of anterior horn motor neurons and the development of paralysis. Our data indicate that treatment of 6- to 7-month-old C58/M mice with cyclophosphamide, which renders these mice susceptible to LDV-induced paralytic disease, results in transient increases in ecotropic MuLV RNA levels in motor neurons throughout the spinal cord. Peripheral inoculation of C58/M mice with LDV, at the time of elevated MuLV RNA levels, results in a rapid spread of LDV to some spinal cord motor neurons. LDV infections then spread slowly but progressively throughout the spinal cord, involving an increasing number of motor neurons. LDV replication is cytocidal and results in neuron destruction and paralysis of the infected animals 2 to 3 weeks postinfection. The slow replication of LDV in the spinal cord contrasts sharply with the rapid replication of LDV in macrophages, the normal host cells for LDV, during the acute phase of infection. The data indicate that the interaction between the endogenous MuLV with the generally nonpathogenic murine togavirus LDV occurs at the level of the motor neuron. We discuss potential mechanisms for the novel dual-virus etiology of age-dependent poliomyelitis of mice.
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PMID:Age-dependent poliomyelitis of mice: expression of endogenous retrovirus correlates with cytocidal replication of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus in motor neurons. 255 Jun 70

Transmission of viral diseases through blood products remains an unsolved problem in transfusion medicine. We have developed a psoralen photochemical system for decontamination of platelet concentrates in which platelets are treated with long wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA, 320-400 nm) in the presence of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). Bacteria, RNA viruses, and DNA viruses ranging in genome size from 1.2 x 10(6) daltons, encompassing the size range of human pathogens, were inoculated into platelet concentrates and subjected to treatment. This system inactivated 25 to 30 logs/h of bacteria Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, 6 logs/h of bacteriophage fd, 0.9 log/h of bacteriophage R17 and 1.1 logs/h of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in platelet concentrates maintained in standard storage bags. Platelet integrity and in vitro function before, immediately following photochemical treatment, and during prolonged storage after treatment, were evaluated by measuring: (1) extracellular pH; (2) platelet yields; (3) extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels; (4) platelet morphology; (5) platelet aggregation responsiveness; (6) thromboxane beta-2 (TXB-2) production; (7) dense body secretion; and (8) alpha granule secretion. These assays demonstrated that this photochemical inactivation system inactivated bacteria and viruses in platelet concentrates with minimal adverse effects on the in vitro function of platelets in comparison to untreated control concentrates maintained under current, standard blood bank conditions.
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PMID:Use of 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation for decontamination of platelet concentrates. 275 29

The clinical significance of surface markers was investigated in 145 cases of acute myeloid (AML) or undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL), using a panel of six monoclonal antibodies directed to NHL-30.5 antigen (expressed on poorly differentiated myeloid cells), CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34 antigens. Expression of CD14 was correlated with higher leucocyte count, higher serum lactate dehydrogenase level and presentation with extramedullary disease. There was no strict correlation with the French-American-British classification. However, the expression of CD14 was associated with monocytic subtypes. CD15 was mainly expressed in M2 and M3 subtypes, and NHL-30.5 and CD34 antigens in AUL and M1 leukaemias. All patients were treated with the same intensive induction treatment. Staining by three antibodies had a prognostic value. The complete remission (CR) rates were 38% (26/68) in NHL-30.5-positive versus 75% (62/77) in NHL-30.5-negative cases (P less than 10(-5), 50% (37/74) in CD34-positive versus 72% (51/71) in CD34-negative cases (P = 0.007) and 70% (77/110) in CD15-positive versus 31% (11/35) in CD15-negative cases (P less than 10(-4). Expression of NHL-30.5 and CD34 antigen was associated with shorter survival (P less than 10(-3) and P less than 10(-2) respectively), whereas survival was longer in CD15-positive cases (P less than 10(-3). In multivariate analysis, expression of NHL-30.5 antigen, absence of CD15, and high LDH level were associated with poor survival. CR duration was not influenced by any of the factors studied, including antigen expression. These results suggest that leukaemias with less differentiated phenotype have a lower response rate to induction treatment.
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PMID:Surface marker expression in adult acute myeloid leukaemia: correlations with initial characteristics, morphology and response to therapy. 275 62

We analysed the clinical and pathologic features of 42 patients with immunologically confirmed peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The median age was 60 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1. A prior lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorder was present in 14 per cent of the patients. Signs of advanced disease were usually present from the onset, such as B symptoms (55 per cent), generalized lymphadenopathy (57 per cent), stage III/IV disease (62 per cent), and elevated levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (68 per cent). Primary extranodal disease (14 per cent), hepatomegaly (12 per cent), splenomegaly (12 per cent), lung/pleural involvement (12 per cent), skin involvement (21 per cent), and bone marrow involvement (28 per cent) were uncommon. Lymphocytopenia was present in 64 per cent of the patients, and none of nine patients tested were serologically positive for human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-I) infection. Among 38 patients receiving combination chemotherapy, 20 (53 per cent) achieved a complete remission. The actuarial median survival of all patients was 17 months. Age greater than 60 years and stage III/IV disease predicted a poor clinical outcome, whereas the large cell histological subtype predicted a favourable outcome. Prospective clinical studies using uniform treatments and a uniform histologic classification scheme are needed to confirm these findings.
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PMID:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 42 cases. 288 15

Eighty-one adult patients with advanced T-cell lymphoma/leukemia including 54 with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), who were treated between 1981 and 1983 with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, and doxorubicin (VEPA) or VEPA plus methotrexate (VEPA-M) in randomized fashion, were evaluated for pretreatment characteristics. The overall complete response (CR) and the 4-year survival rates were 39.5% and 19.4%, respectively, and 69% of 32 CR patients had relapses, indicating the need for development of new effective regimens for the disease. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, only three factors, leukemic manifestation, poor performance status (PS), and a high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, were significantly associated with the poor response rate. In a Cox proportional hazards model analysis, shortened survival was again significantly associated with poor PS and a high LDH level, but not with a clinical diagnosis of ATL. The two factors, PS and LDH level, that were found to be significantly associated with both CR and survival rates, were used to construct a model containing six categories of patients at increasing risk for poor response and shortened survival. These categories divided the patients into three groups with respective CR and 4-year survival rates of 75% and 53% for low-risk, 45% and 15% for moderate-risk, and 15% and 0% for high-risk. The results indicate that PS and LDH levels were the most important in predicting the response and survival of an adult patient with advanced T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. The prognosis of patients with usual peripheral T-cell lymphoma, excluding ATL, was comparable with that of advanced B-cell lymphoma. These results have important implications for the design of new prospective therapeutic trials.
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PMID:Major prognostic factors of adult patients with advanced T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. 289 40

Prognostic factors affecting the survival of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients were analyzed in three groups: total cases, leukemia type cases, and lymphoma type cases. Factors found to be important overall, i.e. for total cases, were leukocyte count, ATL cell ratio in the peripheral blood, serum calcium levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Of those, LDH level proved not significant when evaluated separately for leukemia type or lymphoma type cases. Leukocyte count and ATL cell ratio were significant in leukemia type patients, whereas it was serum calcium level that was significant in lymphoma type; there were mutually exclusive sets of factors for the two groups. Thus, prognostic factors for ATL patients should be considered separately for each type of the disease.
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PMID:Differences in prognostic factors between leukemia and lymphoma type of adult T-cell leukemia. 291 Apr 33


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