Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A serially progagated cell line (L104) was established by co-cultivation of alung adenocarcinoma (L-1) from a patient with concurrent chronic lymphocytic leukemia and XC, a non-producer rat line, known to carry the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome. Karyotype of the L104 cultures revealed predominantly rat-like patterns; however, about 5% of the cells reacted with HLA antibodies and demonstrated human isozyme patterns. Electron microscopy of L104 cells revealed the presence of C-type particles budding from the cell membranes and in cytoplasmic vacuoles. Virus was not detected in any of the other normal lung, lung tumor or XC cells examined after co-cultivation with XC cells. The particles isolated from tissue culture fluids had the biochemical and biophysical characteristics common to other known mammalian C-type particles and were serologically related to the woolly monkey virus (WMV)/gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) complex. Cross-hybridization between viral 3H-DNA transcripts and cellular RNAs from virus-infected cells clearly show the presence of sequences in the L104 cellular RNA related to both the GaLV/WMV group of viruses and rat viruses. Hydroxyapatite chromatography reveals however that the primate-related sequences in the viral RNA are indistinguishable from WMV in thermal elution profile. The host range of L104 virus appears to vary greatly from WMV in being xenotropic and, in the cell lines thus far tested appears, to infect only rat cells. The virus gave positive KC but negative XC assays. Inoculation of whole cells or cell-free supernatants into weaning hamster did not result in either solid tumors or leukemia. Co-cultivation of appropriate cell lines may represent an approach to the detection of latent viruses in human neoplasia.
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PMID:Appearance of C-type virus-like particles after co-cultivation of a human tumor-cell line with rat (XC) cells. 17 Feb 17

Using sensitive radiommunoprecipitation assays for highly purified type-C RNA tumor virus proteins, we found that 5 of 16 clinically normal gibbons (including 4 of 5 normal animals from a colony with 2 cases of lymphoma) and 4 of 4 experimentally inoculated gibbons formed antibodies to the major structural protein (p30) of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV). An additional woolly monkey immunized with the closely related simian sarcoma virus also formed antibodies detectable with GaLV p30. Of 20 patients immunized with formalin-inactivated Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), 10 were previously reported to have antibodies to MuLV as determined by an internally labeled banded virus radioimmunoprecipitation assay. In comparison studies with purified R-MuLV proteins, 7 of 20 patients formed antibodies: 3/20 to R-MuLV p30 only, 1/20 to R-MuLV glycoprotein (gp) 70 only, and 3/20 to both p30 and gp70. Most responders were melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with BCG. Additionally, rhesus monkeys produced antibodies to the endogenous cat virus RD114 and closely related endogenous baboon leukemia virus p30's. Thus these studies demonstrated the ability of primates (including humans) to form antibodies to well-characterized proteins from endogenous and exogenous type-C viruses and the potential utility of these assays for seroepidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Natural and experimentally induced antibodies to defined mammalian type-C virus proteins in primates. 17 68

Sera from healthy humans contained naturally occurring antibody against group- or subgroup-specific antigen on the envelope of the following type C viruses isolated from primates: gibbon ape leukemia virus, simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma virus, baboon endogenous type C virus, and putative human type C viruses [HL23V isolated from blood cells of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (HL23) and HEL-12V from human embryonic diploid cells (CIH-32)]. Two sera also reacted with C57BL/6 mouse leukemia induced by Friend virus. These results were obtained by indirect immunoelectron microscopy with various virus-producing cells and by absorption tests using as targets gibbon lymphosarcoma cells that release gibbon ape leukemia virus. In a previous report, the presence of natural antibody in sera from healthy gibbon apes was demonstrated. When the specificities of the human and gibbon natural antibodies were compared, the human natural antibody reacted with two nonproducing culture cell lines of human lymphocytic leukemia (CEM-A and MOLT) and with human embryonic diploid (CIH-1(V-) cells [which became type C virus-producing CIH-32(V+) cells after many passages], but did not react with normal gibbon spleen monolayer cells. In contrast, gibbon natural antibody showed no reaction with CEM-A, MOLT, and CIH-1(V-) cells but reacted with gibbon spleen monolayer cells. Neither human nor gibbon natural antibody that was reactive with gibbon ape leukemia virus crossreacted with feline leukemia virus and mouse wild-type AKR leukemia virus. The gibbon lymphosarcoma cells releasing gibbon ape leukemia virus were used in a screening study of sera from healthy humans. Out of 72 sera screened by indirect immunoelectron microscopy using this system, 55 were positive (76%), i.e., 26 out of 35 males (74%) and 29 out of 37 females (78%). The highest incidence of antibody production was in 1- to 10-year-olds and 31- to 40-year-olds, with the adults exhibiting higher levels. Differences in incidence of natural antibody were not found to be sex-linked. These findings suggest that type C RNA viruses related to the gibbon ape leukemia virus and simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma virus family as well as the baboon endogenous type C virus family may be widespread in humans.
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PMID:Natural antibodies in sera from healthy humans to antigens on surfaces of type C RNA viruses and cells from primates. 18 53

A microtechnique for an indirect viable-cell membrane immunofluorescence titration assay was developed using Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV)-producing cells and monospecific rabbit antisera to F-MuLV structural antigens. The assay was sensitive and displayed little variation within or between assays. Since moderate-risk tumor viruses, such as recently discovered primate oncornaviruses or feline leukemia virus (FeLV), may be hazardous to laboratory personnel, the assay was adapted for containment of cells infected with such viruses. Cells producing gibbon ape lymphoma virus or FeLV were grown in class III containment cabinets and transferred in sealed flasks to a class II laminar-flow cabinet, where the assay was performed. This micromethod not only conserved reagents but also minimized the numbers of moderate-risk tumor virus-infected cells handled at one time. Centrifugation was contained using custom-made devices shown to form a gas-tight seal over microtiter plates. Interspecies reactivity of monospecific rabbit antisera against F-MuLV structural antigen gp71, but not against p12, was demonstrated for surface antigens on FeLV-producing cells.
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PMID:Contained indirect viable-cell membrane immunofluorescence microassay for surface antigen analysis of cells infected with hazardous viruses. 18 65

An Epstein-Barr virus like herpesvirus has been isolated from a lymphoid cell line derived from an orangutan with spontaneous myelomonocytic leukemia. Herpesvirus has not previously been isolated from this species of higher ape.
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PMID:Establishment of a cell line with associated Epstein-Barr-like virus from a leukemic orangutan. 19 78

Fresh blood serum from normal gibbon apes (Hylobates lar) contained heat-sensitive lytic activity for various mammalian oncornaviruses. Lytic activity quantitatively similar to that in gibbon serum was demonstrated in serum from three other primate species, including man; it was demonstrated to be low or absent in lower mammalian species with the exception of domestic cats, which had intermediate levels of serum lytic activity. Gibbons that acquired infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus, either naturally by exposure to a virus-shedding ape or experimentally by deliberate virus inoculation, had the same levels of serum lytic activity as did unexposed gibbons that had no detectable antibodies to gibbon ape leukemia virus. A leukemic-viremic gibbon had low or absent serum oncornavirus lytic activity. These results indicated that serum lytic activity does not necessarily protect against infection by oncornaviruses, although it may limit virus replication and/or dissemination.
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PMID:Oncornavirus lytic activity in the serum of gibbon apes. 20 12

Gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island (GaLV-H), a type C virus related to previous isolates of GaLV and simian sarcoma virus, was isolated from a gibbon ape with lymphocytic leukemia from a small colony of free-ranging gibbon apes on Hall's Island near Bermuda. We show here by molecular hybridization experiments that GaLV-H is approximately 60% related to three previous isolates of GaLV (GaLV-SF, GaLV-SEATO, and GaLV-Br) and is less closely related to simian sarcoma virus. The oligopyrimidine pattern of a transcript of the terminal 135 +/- 5 nucleotides of the viral RNA of GaLV-H is similar to that of GALV-Br but distinct from that of GaLV-SF and simian sarcoma virus. GaLV-H thus represents a fifth distinct strain of the infectious primate type C viruses, which among the previously described isolates of GaLV is most closely related to GaLV-Br.
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PMID:Gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island: new strain of gibbon ape leukemia virus. 21 32

Integrated viral DNA sequences were detected in tissues from two gibbon apes, a leukemic gibbon (6G-1) from whose leukocytes a distinct strain of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLVH) was isolated, and gibbon 6G-4, a contact of 6G-1 from the same colony that had uremia and cachexia of unknown origin. Although 6G-4 had no detectable neoplasia or viral proteins, its serum contained persistent antibody against GaLV antigens. Whereas DNA from most of the tissues of 6G-1 contained GaLV provirus, DNA from only three tissues (kidney, spleen, and liver) from 6G-4 showed detectable viral sequences, and the extent of hybridization in each case was lower than with 6G-1. After cleavage with BamHI, two virus-specific DNA fragments were detected in tissues of 6G-1. Only one of these fragments was detected in the positive tissues of 6G-4. The results indicate that: (i) 6G-4 was exposed to and infected by GaLV; (ii) early target sites for infection of gibbon by GaLV may be limited to a few tissues; and (iii) infection can be contained by integration of only partial provirus in a few tissues.
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PMID:Retrovirus sequences in a leukemic gibbon and its contact: evidence for partial provirus in the nonleukemic gibbon. 28 41

The 5'-terminal regions of gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island and Rauscher murine leukemia virus have been completely sequenced. The chain length for the 5'-terminal region of Rauscher murine leukemia virus is 140 nucleotides, and that for gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island is 144 nucleotides. An alignment of the sequences maximizing the number of ocrrespondences with the minimum introduction of gaps shows 81% nucleotide matches. From the complementary RNA, secondary structures of this region have been proposed. These data demonstrate the conservation of the 5'-terminal genetic sequences of these viruses and strongly reinforce the concept that viruses of murine origin and viruses of the gibbon ape leukemia virus-Simian sarcoma-associated virus group are closely related.
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PMID:5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of the Rauscher leukemia virus and gibbon ape leukemia virus genomes exhibit a high degree of correspondence. 51 4

Gibbon natural antibody examined by immunoelectron microscopy reacted with the entire envelope of type C virus and with areas on the cell surface equivalent to or smaller than the diameter of a virion in gibbon and human culture cells infected with or releasing type C viruses. The antibody activity was absorbed completely by two cell cultures infected with gibbon ape leukemia virus and by the virus itself, and partially by normal gibbon spleen cells and dog thymus-derived cells infected with baboon endogenous type C virus, and fresh white blood cells obtained from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in acute blastic crisis.
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PMID:Specificity of naturally occurring antibody in normal gibbon serum. 106 61


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