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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a chemotherapy induced leukopenic period fluconazole (3 mg/kg/day i.v.) was administered as empiric antifungal treatment in a 5-year-old girl with leukemia and a presumed catheter infection due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. Despite intensive treatment with antibiotics and fluconazole the patient died. In one blood culture Candida krusei was isolated post mortem, and at autopsy Aspergillus fumigatus was found in multiple organs. Both fungi showed high MIC values to fluconazole. We feel that this drug should not be used when the possibility of a systemic infection with an unidentified fungus exists.
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PMID:Disseminated fungal disease resistant to fluconazole treatment in a child with leukemia. 150 46

Modern diagnosis and classification of leukemia are reviewed. The FAB (French, American, British) classification, introduced in the late 1970s has been the basis for most studies to date. During the 15 years since then, new categories such as M7 and M0 were added to the classification. The MIC proposal (morphology, immunology, cytogenetics) has been an important development which emerged from the knowledge about chromosomal changes and immunophenotyping. Improvement in diagnosis and classification will emerge from studies employing all the above techniques, including DNA analysis, in the 1990s.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and classification of leukemia]. 151 34

The standard methods for classifying acute leukaemias now include morphology, cytochemistry and membrane markers. Major advances in immunology, in particular the development of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) with lineage specificity, have provided objective positive criteria for the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The FAB group has recognised the importance of McAb for the classification of some forms of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), such as megakaryoblastic leukaemia, AML-M7, in which reactivity with McAb against platelet glycoproteins is a requirement for diagnosis. More recently the group has defined a type of myeloblastic leukaemia with minimal differentiation, AML-MO, in which myeloid cytochemistry is negative and the diagnosis is made by the expression of myeloid antigens and negative lymphoid markers in the blast cells. However, new problems have emerged with the wider use of McAb which now need to be addressed: the most important is the precise evaluation criteria for biphenotypic leukaemia for which we have proposed a scoring system in order to recognise the genuine cases which constitute a distinct disease entity. The role of karyotyping in the classification of acute leukaemia is gradually being defined (MIC proposals) and some forms of acute leukaemia can only be diagnosed by chromosome translocations, e.g. Ph+ ALL, resulting from t(9;22) and t(4;11) in infant ALL. Several translocations can also be demonstrated by molecular techniques. Cases with t(8;16) (p11;p13) are characterised by myelomonocytic features, erythrophagocytosis and fibrinolysis and represent a type of AML which can be defined primarily by its cytogenetic abnormality.
Leukemia 1992
PMID:The classification of acute leukaemia. 157 5

The need for reproducibility in the classification of acute leukaemia has made it necessary to incorporate information derived from new techniques which have become essential for the study of these disorders. In addition to classic morphology and cytochemistry (FAB proposals), it is necessary to add immunology and cytogenetics (MIC proposals), as well as to investigate further the biological and diagnostic significance of molecular events. As a result of these investigations a new group of leukaemias merit recognition as distinct entities. These include three types of ALL with specific chromosome abnormalities, namely, i) t (9;22), ii) t (4;11) and iii) t (1;19) and four subtypes of AML, i) with minimal differentiation or AML-M0, ii) with basophilic precursors or M2Baso, iii) AML (M4/M5) with t (8;16) and iv) AML with trilineage myelodysplasia. Biphenotypic acute leukaemia constitutes also a distinct entity with features of ALL and AML and represents a malignancy probably affecting multipotent stem cells. We propose an objective evaluation system for biphenotypic leukaemias based on a score in which the various lineage markers are graded according to their known specificity.
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PMID:A classification of acute leukaemia for the 1990s. 203 64

Ten new shikimic acid derivatives, some of which are analogs of dioxolamycin were synthesized from methyl shikimate because the bioactivity of shikimic acid derivatives has received considerably less attention to date. Compounds 4-10, 12, 16 were subjected to antimicrobial test in vitro, and showed no activity (MIC greater than 25 micrograms/ml). Compounds 4-10, 12, 13, and 16 were subjected to cytostatic activity test against cultured L 1210 Leukemia cells in vitro. Compounds 4, 6, 13 and 16 showed cytostatic activity like dioxolamycin.
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PMID:[Studies on the synthesis and bioactivity of some new shikimic acid derivatives]. 236 61

Distribution by serogroup, phage type, colicin production, colicin type, sensitivity to antibiotics and plasmid characteristics of 74 Escherichia coli and 11 Klebsiella strains isolated from hospitalized patients receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy indicated that the infections were not associated with the hospital environment. Resistance was tested to 26 antibiotics, some of them being not generally used in therapy; 30 strains were resistant to 4 to 17 antibiotics. There was a significant difference in the antibiotic resistance of strains derived from patients with urinary-tract infections (UTI) and with leukaemia (LP). As compared to the UTI group, among E. coli strains in the LP group the frequency of multiple resistance was significantly higher, the MIC values were higher and R-plasmids were more frequent. Out of 30 multiple resistant E. coli strains 27 were R-plasmid carriers. Three different kinds of plasmid profile were shown in more than one strain (2 out of 10 UTI strains and 3 and 2 out of 10 LP strains). The rest of the isolates differed in plasmid profile from these and from one another; the presence of "epidemic plasmid" was not demonstrated. Plasmid epidemiological examinations may forecast the efficacy of an antibiotic or of a group of antibiotics.
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PMID:Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from in-patients receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy. 332 88

A novel phenazine antitumor antibiotic is described, produced by Streptomyces lomondensis subsp. galanosa NRRL 15738. The antibiotic is selectively active versus the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC less than 0.46 microgram/ml); the antitumor activity versus murine P388 leukemia is T/C 149.
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PMID:PD 116,152, a novel phenazine antitumor antibiotic. Discovery, fermentation, culture characterization and biological activity. 375 52

Four novel antitumor antibiotics (PD 114,759, PD 115,028, PD 119,707 and PD 119,193) are produced as a complex by a new species of Actinomadura. The proposed name for the culture is Actinomadura verrucosospora subsp. veractimyces ATCC 39363. The antibiotics are extremely bioactive, with MIC values of less than 0.006 ng/ml against several bacteria and ID50 values of 0.003 approximately 0.107 ng/ml against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. Antitumor activities vs. P388 leukemia in vivo were observed at doses of 0.313, 0.40, and 0.5 micrograms/kg (daily X 5) for PD 119,707, PD 115,028, and PD 114,759, respectively.
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PMID:Potent antitumor antibiotic complex: PD 114,759, PD 115,028, PD 119,707, and PD 119,193. 384 Jul 93

Oxanosine, a novel nucleoside, has been isolated from the culture filtrate of a strain of Streptomyces. The structure was determined to be 5-amino-3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-3H-imidazo [4,5-d] [1,3]oxazin-7-one by X-ray crystallographic analysis and chemical studies. Oxanosine showed weak antibacterial activity on peptone agar; for example, Escherichia coli K-12 (MIC 12.5 mcg/ml). The antibacterial activity was antagonized by addition of guanine, guanosine and 5'-guanylic acid. Oxanosine inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in vitro (IC50 32 mcg/ml) and suppressed the growth of L-1210 leukemia in mice. The primary action of oxanosine appears to be inhibition of GMP-synthetase. Intravenous injection of 4 mg of oxanosine to mice does not show any toxic sign.
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PMID:Oxanosine, a novel nucleoside from actinomycetes. 703 11

A new peptide antibiotic, cypemycin, with a molecular weight of 2,097 (M+H), was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. OH-4156. The antibiotic possesses cytocidal activity against P388 leukemia cells in vitro at a concentration of 1.3 microgram/ml (IC50 values), and the antibiotic showed antimicrobial activities against Micrococcus luteus (MIC, 0.2 microgram/ml).
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PMID:A new antibiotic, cypemycin. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological characteristics. 780 59


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