Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Little information is available on the prevalence and etiology of the coagulopathy present in some children with acute leukemia at disease presentation. We studied 102 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia (50 retrospective: Group A; and 52 prospective: Group B) with prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), and fibrin degradation products (FDP). All patients in Group B also had assessment of thrombin activation by measurement of the crosslinked fibrin fragment, D-dimer, and of primary fibrinolysis with the B beta 1-42 peptide. Additionally, ten patients from Group B had Factors II, V, VII, and X measured, and eight of these patients had measurement of tissue factor from sonicated bone marrow cells. Thirty-two percent of Group A and 40% of Group B had totally normal coagulation studies, whereas 20% of Group A and 10% of Group B had a severe coagulopathy on disease presentation. A high percentage of both groups had elevated PT (Group A, 52%; Group B, 27%) and increased FDP (Group A, 39%; Group B, 25%). In Group B, 38% of the patients had a positive D-dimer, whereas only 4% of this prospective group had an elevated B beta 1-42 peptide (P less than 0.00001). Nine of ten patients with a positive D-dimer had low levels of one or more of the extrinsic pathway factors. Three of four patients with the highest tissue factor levels were of monocytoid leukemia cell type. These data indicate that the coagulopathy associated with acute leukemia of childhood is usually mediated by thrombin activation.
 ...
PMID:The coagulopathy of childhood leukemia. Thrombin activation or primary fibrinolysis? 238 1

Several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to blood group P1 (Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta-O) and Pk (Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta-O) determinants were produced with high efficiency by using synthetic neoglycoproteins as immunogens. The specificity of IgM and IgG1 MAbs was characterized by binding to defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Antibodies that bound equally well to P1 and Pk determinants and to Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-O-derivatives were obtained, together with others that showed selective recognition of the entire trisaccharide chain. Selected antibodies were shown to be useful as reagents for detection of the blood group P antigens in glycolipid extracts of erythrocytes and on the surface of erythrocytes of different P phenotypes, demonstrated both by radioimmune assays and hemagglutination. Six IgM MAbs directed to the Pk determinant bound selectively to Burkitt lymphoma cells and 2 of these antibodies (424/3D9 and 424/6A2) could be used as auxiliary reagents in immunofluorescence for diagnosis and classification of B-cell lymphomas and leukemias using flow cytometric analysis. Eight normal individuals and 37 patients with lymphoma or leukemia were studied. Tumor cells of 2/2 patients with "Burkitt-like" lymphoma, 1 patient with centroblastic lymphoma and 2 patients with acute leukemia were strongly stained for the Pk antigen. The staining patterns for differentiation markers classified the tumor cells to a developmental stage closely related to the Burkitt cell type.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies produced by immunization with neoglycoproteins containing Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta-O and Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta-O residues: useful immunochemical and cytochemical reagents for blood group P antigens and a differentiation marker in Burkitt lymphoma and other B-cell malignancies. 245 94

A panel of lectins was used to study surface carbohydrate expression on myeloma cells with the aim of finding a possible agent for in vitro bone marrow purging. Peanut agglutinin (PNA, galactose beta 1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine-binding) bound to all plasma cells in 33/34 bone marrow samples from myeloma patients and to all plasma cells in 11 bone marrow from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and 10 normal bone marrow samples. Bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes reacted weakly with PNA except in one case of acute monoblastic leukaemia and two of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia in which monocytes were strongly positive. The only case of plasma cell leukaemia studied was PNA negative. All other bone marrow mononuclear cells were negative for PNA but became positive after sialidase treatment. Peanut agglutinin may have potential as an agent to be used in myeloma for in vitro marrow purging prior to autologous transplantation in combination with high dose chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Peanut agglutinin shows specificity for bone marrow plasma cells. 246 73

In a previous paper (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 4264, 1987) we reported an unusual DNA rearrangement in T-cell receptor beta chain gene loci in cells from a patient with human T-cell leukemia. A D beta 1-J beta 2.3 junction was found on one chromosome, while the other chromosome kept the germline configuration. Although the DNA fragment located between the D beta 1 and J beta 2.3 loci should have disappeared from the cells, it was found on chromosome 6 as an inserted segment. We have now determined the nucleotide sequences bordering both sides of the inserted segment. The signal sequence for D beta-J beta rearrangement at the 5' side of J beta 1.2 gene seems to have been used for the insertion. The 3' end of the inserted segment corresponded to the edge of the signal heptamer at the 5' side of J beta 2.3 which was used for the initial D beta 1-J beta 2.3 joining. This indicates that, during D beta-J beta rearrangement, the intervening sequence was excised as a linear molecule.
 ...
PMID:Evidence that the intervening sequence was excised as a linear molecule during D beta-J beta rearrangement in T-cell receptor beta chain gene loci. 283 88

The state of T-cell receptor beta-chain gene rearrangement in human T-cell leukaemias has been analysed. All forms of leukaemia tested (T-CLL, ALL, PLL, Sezary syndrome and ATL) exhibit rearrangements of C beta genes confirming the clonality of these neoplasias. However we find no evidence for common gene rearrangements nor for restricted rearrangement patterns within this type of neoplasia. We find evidence of T-cells with C beta 1 and C beta 2 rearrangements, sometimes associated with Igh JH rearrangements, but several cases of T-cell leukaemia with a marker inversion of chromosome 14 (q11;q32) do not have Igh JH rearrangements. The results suggest that TCR beta gene rearrangement occurs early in T-cell ontogeny but that this rearrangement is most often irrelevant to leukaemogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Heterogeneity of T-cell beta-chain gene rearrangements in human leukaemias and lymphomas. 300 Jul 64

Anti-isotypic reagents against the human T cell receptor (TcR) were made by immunizing rabbits with peptides which corresponded to sites within the constant region of the alpha- and beta-chains. These antibodies were shown to immunoprecipitate a heterodimer of 80,000 to 90,000 m.w. that could be reduced to chains of 44,000 to 50,000 and 37,000 to 40,000 m.w. In addition, an anti-peptide serum against CD3 delta-chain was made. The anti-alpha peptide serum reacted with all human TcR (from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cell clones, and the T cell leukemias: HPB-ALL, Jurkat, JA3, and JM), and the anti-beta peptide serum reacted with only human TcR of the C beta 2 isotype (from a cytotoxic T cell clone which had a C beta 2 transcript, HPB-ALL, and a proportion of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, but not with Jurkat, JA3, and JM). A comparison of the detergents NP-40 and digitonin revealed that digitonin was more efficient at keeping the TcR/CD3 complex intact, but was less efficient at solubilizing the total amount of TcR or the total amount of CD3. With these reagents and the use of digitonin, it was shown that all of the alpha, beta, and CD3 moieties on the surface of a T cell leukemia HPB-ALL occur as a bound TcR/CD3 complex. The proportion of C beta 1 to C beta 2 isotype expressed on the surface of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes was 0.8, indicating approximately equal use of the two beta-chain isotypes.
 ...
PMID:Expression of the human T cell receptor as defined by anti-isotypic antibodies. 310 Jun 17

Felty's syndrome (FS) refers to the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia. A subset of these patients has recently been described with a chronic T cell leukemia of large granular lymphocytes (LGCL). To examine the spectrum of lymphocyte abnormalities in FS and LGCL, we examined phenotypic and genotypic properties of lymphocytes from eight FS patients. In two of these FS patients, we observed an elevated proportion of T cells with an unusual phenotype (CD3+/Leu-7+/Leu-8-/CR3+) (46 +/- 5% of mononuclear cells). The FS lymphocytes had large granular morphology on Wright-Giemsa stain and were active in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity. This phenotype, morphology, and activity was similar to LGCL patients except that the latter T cells additionally expressed the Fc-IgG receptor recognized by monoclonal antibody Leu-11 (CD 15). In the remaining six FS patients, the proportion of CD3+/Leu-7+/CR 3+ T cells was only 10 +/- 8%, which was not significantly different from age-matched normal subjects (6.6 +/- 2.2%). To determine the clonality of T lymphocytes in FS and LGCL, we examined DNA for rearrangements of the T cell antigen receptor beta-chain (Ti beta) and gamma-chain (Ti gamma) genes by using Southern blotting techniques. We found a clonal rearrangement of the Ti beta 1 and Ti gamma genes in both LGCL patients. In contrast, no clonal rearrangements of Ti beta or Ti gamma genes were detected in lymphocytes from the FS patients. These results indicate that FS patients are heterogeneous in their phenotype and that one subset exhibits polyclonal expansion of an unusual lymphocyte subset.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of T cell receptor gene rearrangements in patients with large granular T cell leukemia and Felty's syndrome. 310 95

Rearrangements of the T-cell receptor (TCR), beta-chain genes and immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain genes in several T-cell leukaemias (T-ALL and ATL), and some B-cell and myelogenous leukaemias were investigated. Two out of 15 cases of T-cell leukaemia tested failed to show a rearrangement pattern of TCR beta genes although both expressed mRNA for this gene. The remaining 13 cases showed diverse patterns of rearrangements involving either C beta 1, C beta 2 or both. C beta 1 but not C beta 2 was deleted in some of the T-cell leukaemias. Polyclonal T cells from four normal individuals showed the germ line pattern and an additional two bands in Hind III digested DNA. Except for one, all cases of C-ALL (B-cell leukaemia) showed a rearranged JH locus which was not evident in any of T-cell leukaemias studied. One case of B-cell leukaemia showed a rearrangement of both TCR beta genes and JH genes. The results of these studies suggest that rearrangement of TCR and Ig genes occurs at a very early stage of differentiation of stem cells and does not appear to play a direct role in leukaemogenesis per se.
 ...
PMID:Rearrangements of T-cell receptor beta-chain genes in human leukaemias. 310 51

In vitro 14-day cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hairy cell leukemia patients consistently showed the presence of hematopoietic stem cells giving rise to multilineage colonies containing a high proportion of lymphoid cells associated with the myeloid and erythroid progenitors. These stem cells are not the hairy cells but appear to be pluripotent lymphomyeloid primitive stem cells persisting in this leukemia. Interferon alpha c or beta 1 did not inhibit the growth of these colonies, as they did the growth of colonies of normal hematopoietic progenitors, but markedly decreased the ratio of lymphoid to myelomonocytic cells, by increasing the formation of monocytes and other nonlymphoid cell types in these multilineage colonies. Interferon gamma did not have the same effects on differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Interferons regulate the in vitro differentiation of multilineage lympho-myeloid stem cells in hairy cell leukemia. 310 12

Glycolipids from human leukemia cells were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, enzymatic hydrolysis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining by the use of mouse monoclonal antibody. Glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and ganglioside GM3 were found in various leukemia cases. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells contained little or none of the glycolipids with lacto-series structures such as neolactotetraosylceramide (nLc4Cer), NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Cer, or NeuAc alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Cer (IV6NeuAc-nLc4Cer), which were found in every case of various myeloid leukemias. GM3 was a major ganglioside (45-100%) in acute leukemia cells, whereas IV6NeuAc-nLc4Cer was a major one (37%) in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of glycolipids in various human leukemia cells. 312 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>