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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In eight patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) peripheral blood cells and in two patients also spleen cells were analysed for surface markers and functional capacities. Only cells containing the tartrate resistant isoenzyme 5 of the acid phosphatase were considered. Hairy cells (HC) of all patients were found to adhere spontaneously to glass and plastic surfaces and to spread after adherence like monocytes. They ingested latex particles of more than 1 micron diameter, but, in contrast to monocytes, did not phagocytose erythrocytes sensitized either by IgM or by IgG antibodies. HC of all patients bore Fc-receptors with a high binding affinity for aggregated IgG. Using 125 I-labelled F(ab')2-fragments of monospecific antibodies in autoradiography, only one light chain type was detected on HC of individual patients. In four patients mu- and delta-chains were simultaneously expressed on HC, whereas in two patients only gamma-chains and in one case only mu-chains were observed on HC. One patient showed a combination of gamma- and delta-chains on his HC. A great variation in density of surface immunoglobulings of HC was observed within individual patients. After removal by capping, surface immunoglobulin reappeared on HC during cell culture, but more slowly than on normal B-lymphocytes. As shown in two patients by internal labelling, HC secreted immunoglobulin light chains, but no heavy chains. On the basis of these findings the classification of HC as belonging to the B-cell lineage, rather than to the monocytic lineage, seems to be justified.
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PMID:Hairy cell leukaemia: surface markers and functional capacities of the leukaemic cells analysed in eight patients. 31 7

By lymphoid myelofibrosis or hairy cell leukaemia or tricholeukaemia is meant an unusual haemopathic condition known only for the past few years. It is characterized pathognomonically by the presence of lymphocyte type cells with villous extroflexions, hence the name "hairy cell". Clinically the disease presents as an involutive myelopathy associated with splenomegaly, generally without any particular lymph gland involvement. The attention of students today is concentrated on the nature of the hairy cells; while some are inclined to admit their monocyte or histiocyte derivation, others consider that they derive from B lymphocytes. Therapeutically, almost everybody agrees that splenectomy is the only valid step. A case of H.C.L., which was typical from the clinical and laboratory viewpoints is reported. It is probable that certain haemopathic pictures once classified among atypical leucoses and lymphomas, would today be more correctly classed as hairy cell leukaemia.
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PMID:[Lymphoid myelofibrosis or hairy cell leukemia]. 32 48

With the development of different treatment schedules for acute and chronic leukaemias it has become essential that a uniform, standardized classification of malignant cell type is achieved. Without a standardized diagnosis it is impossible to compare the results of differing treatment regimes. Present diagnosis is still based on clinical criteria and subjective assessment of cell morphology; objective and quantitative data are required. Stereological analyses are capable of providing quantitative data. Stereological techniques have been applied to the study of malignant cell types in different leukaemias for the first time and quantitative data has been obtained. The nuclear and mitochondrial volume fractions of the cells have been estimated for normal lymphocytes, the lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the abnormal cells of hairy cell leukaemia and several other haematological malignancies. The results clearly indicate that the cell types fo different leukaemias possess measurably different properties and that stereological methods can be used to investigate the leukaemic cell quantitatively.
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PMID:Sterelogical analyses of leukaemic cells. 35 86

An antiserum was prepared in rabbits against hairy leukaemic cells. After absorption with human erythrocytes, thymus and liver powder, the serum was passed through immunoabsorbent columns to remove extensive anti-plasma protein activity. Following these procedures, sensitive techniques failed to reveal residual activity against alpha-macroglobulins, beta2-microglobulin and other human plasma proteins. The antiserum reacted with normal B lymphocytes but not with T lymphocytes or monocytes. Positive reactions were seen in B cell lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, hairy-cell leukaemia and uninucleated Reed-Sternberg cells.
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PMID:Properties of anti-hairy cell serum. 37 61

Fifteen cases of histologically proven hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) were studied with immunofluorescence, rosette, and phagocytosis techniques. Unfixed hairy cells (HC) bound all kinds of labelled antiserum; but after fixation with formaldehyde a much more selective binding was observed. In two cases no surface-bound Ig was detected; four cases showed gamma and in nine cases two or three heavy chains were found, alpha and delta being the most frequent. Few cases were clearly positive for mu. The picture was invariably monoclonal with respect to light chains. Cytoplasmic Ig was present in only 3/15 cases; it was always IgM. HC did not form E-rosettes or react with a fluorescent anti-T cell antiserum. No EAIgMC-rosettes were formed. All cases showed Fc receptors, which were detected with EAIgG-rosettes (13/13) or with antigen-antibody complexes (6/6). The density of Fc receptors varied widely. Incubation with latex particles resulted in cell-associated particles in 16-63% of the HC; with Staphylococcus epidermidis, the percentage was 2-36. After enzyme treatment (lysostaphin), however, no ingested bacteria were found, which suggests that HC are essentially non-phagocytic. At least 13 cases were therefore classified as B-cell malignancies.
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PMID:Hairy-cell leukaemia: a B-lymphocytic disorder. 38 Jun 27

A case of prolymphocytic lymphoma/leukaemia (PL) sensu Galton in a 32-year-old man is presented. The leucocyte count was 19.0 x 10(9)/1 at presentation and tartrate resistent acid phosphatase was present in most prolymphocytes. Immunological investigation of prolymphocytes from lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood revealed the surface marker phenotype: SmIg + (mu, (delta), lambda), IgG-Fc-receptor +, C3-receptor +. The prolymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen were C3-receptor + in a high percentage, while only a few were IgG-Fc-receptor +. This proportion was reversed in the blood prolymphocytes. The histology of lymph nodes was unique and strongly suggested a preferential involvement (homing phenomenon) of the mantle zone of the lymphatic follicle. These results may indicate that emission of prolymphocytes from lymph nodes to circulation involves a change of surface receptors. It is finally suggested to consider the diagnosis of not only hairy-cell leukaemia but also PL in the case of tartrate resistent acid phosphatase-positive lymphoma/leukaemia.
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PMID:B-prolymphocytic leukaemia--a mantle zone lymphoma? 38 43

In order to determine the nature of infectious complications in hairy-cell leukemia we studied 20 consecutive patients seen at UCLA and analyzed the available literature. The incidence of serious infection in our series was 40%, and pneumonia and septicemia due to Pseudomonas and E. coli organisms were the leading types of infections. Fungal infections with Cryptococci and Histoplasma organisms were documented, and a single case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was observed. Noninfectious fever occurred in 30% of our patients. There was a clear relationship between fungal disease and corticosteroid therapy, and the overall incidence of infection was correlated with the degree of neutropenia and corticosteroid treatment. No relationship was found between age, duration of disease, or the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy and infectious complications. Of the 13 infectious episodes, 11 occurred in patients prior to splenectomy. Only two episodes were seen in splenectomized patients, both occurring in the immediate postoperative period. We conclude that splenectomy has a beneficial effect in reducing the incidence of infections in hairy-cell leukemia and that corticosteroids should be used cautiously, since they predispose to opportunistic infection in this disease.
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PMID:Infections in hairy-cell leukemia. 41 62

Reports proposing that the cell or origin of "hairy cell" leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) is a B lymphocyte have been based primarily on the presence of surface immunoglobulin markers, frequently in "cap" form. Most of the immunoglobulin markers in this series of patients with hairy cell leukemia were multiclass, but were present in cap form under conditions not usually inducing cap formation in normal or leukemic human lymphocytes. In five cases the authors were able to remove these surface immunoglobulins by trypsinization or overnight incubation in serum-free tissue-culture medium. There was no evidence of synthesis of surface immunoglobulins in these cases following incubation in serum-free tissue-culture medium; however, surface immunoglobulins could again be detected after subsequent reintroduction of these hairy cells into the patients' own sera. The peculiar cap formation could not be prevented with sodium azide, a standard inhibitor of cap formation. Phagocytized latex particles and neutral red dye produced similar caplike structures. These findings suggest that hairy cells readily adsorb and pinocytose circulating immunoglobulins, but do not synthesize them.
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PMID:Functional studies of hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). 43 32

Among 12 patients with hairy cell leukaemia two died without splenectomy and two more 11 months and 7 1/2 years after the operation. In all patients removal of hypersplenism led to improvement of haematological criteria over several months up to many years. This was particularly true for platelets and granulocytes and thus for the proneness to infection and haemorrhagic diathesis. In two patients normalisation of all haematological parameters including histologically scarcely detectable hairy cells was observed. Differential diagnosis from prolymphocyte leukaemia is difficult. Nuclear morphology permits recognition of different degrees of maturation of hairy cells. In cases where tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) cannot be demonstrated cytologically, demonstration of isoenzyme 5 is sometimes possible using gel electrophoresis. Demonstration of TRAP remains valuable for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukaemia, however only in connection with other criteria indicating this form of leukaemia.
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PMID:[Hairy cell leukaemia (author's transl)]. 43

The malignant cells in a patient with hairy cell leukemia responded most evidently to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in in vitro culture for 3 1/2 days when the conventional tritiated thymidine uptake method was used. Since the malignant cells from patients with several other forms of leukemia and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals did not show a comparable degree of responsiveness to LPS, we could exclude the possibility that this response was due to effects on contaminating normal mononuclear cells or to the nonspecific conditioning effect through LPS-affected contaminating normal monocytes. Morphological changes were observed with photo- and electronmicroscopy. It is likely that the hairy cells from the patient did respond to LPS, and whether or not this phenomenon may be confined to this type of lymphoid leukemia is not being investigated.
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PMID:Lipopolysaccharide responsiveness of malignant lymphoid cells in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. 45 53


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