Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression of Gix surface antigen on thymocytes is an inherited mendelian train of certain strains of mice. We report here the following new findings: (a) Gix antigen was found free in the serum of Gix+ mouse strains. (b) Expression vs. nonexpression of Gix antigen was invariably correlated with presence or absence of the group-specific antigen of Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) gp69/71 in the serum of mice of inbred and segregating populations. (c) Gix antigen could be removed from normal Gix+ mouse serum by precipitation with antiserum to MuLV gp 69/71. (d) Anti-gp69/71 serum was weakly cytotoxic for Gix+ thymocytes, and partially blocked the cytotoxic activity of Gix antibody for Gix+ thymocytes. (e) Purified AKR virus absorbed Gix activity, and disruption of the virions did not increase their absorbing capacity. These serological data indicate that Gix antigen is a constituent of gp69/71, the glycoprotein which is the major component of the MuLV envelope. On present evidence, Gix antigen is represented in intact virions and is probably accessible to Gix antibody.
 ...
PMID:Relation of GIX antigen of thymocytes to envelope glycoprotein of murine leukemia virus. 4 10

The evidence of appearance of specific surface antigen in the blood leukocytes of monkeys inoculated with cell-containing or cell-free materials from patients with leukemia (different variants of acute leukemia, chronic myelo- and lympholeukemia) with various clinicohematological characteristics is presented. The results of comparisons of the electron microscope and immunofluorescent examinations of experimental and control monkeys showed that the majority of the experimental animals with positive immunofluorescent tests were shown by the electron microscope examinations to have virus particles type C.
 ...
PMID:[Antigen-inducing activity of blood preparations from leukemia patients]. 5 13

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated against murine tumors induced by Gross, Friend, or Rauscher leukemia virus (LV) in syngeneic mixed leukocyte-tumor cell cultures. Analogous to the patterns of specificity observed with antibodies to LV-induced cell surface antigens, CTL could be classified into two major groups of specificity. Tumor cells induced by Friend, Moloney, or Rauscher virus and positive for the FMR antigen were killed by syngeneic CTL immune to any one of these three LV; the same CTL, however, were incapable of killing syngeneic tumor cells induced by Gross LV. The converse was true for Gross LV-specific CTL: these CTL were specific for syngeneic tumor cells expressing the Gross virus-associated cell-surface antigen (GCSA), and not the FMR antigen. The H-2 specificities of the two groups of LV-immune CTL were also compared, because in both cases, CTL were restricted in their killing activity to H-2-identical tumor target cells. When CTL from single strains of mice were generated against syngeneic FMR- or GCSA-positive tumor cells, differences were observed with respect both to the requirement for the expression of compatible H-2K or H-2D specificities, and to the intensity of the CTL response in congenic mice of the H-2b, H-2d, and H-2k haplotypes.
 ...
PMID:Viral specificity of H-2-restricted T killer cells directed against syngeneic tumors induced by Gross, Friend, or Rauscher leukemia virus. 9 55

Unmeasurable total haemolytic complement (C) was observed in serum of a patient with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and recurrent non-hereditary angioedema. Analysis of C components immunochemically demonstrated a marked reduction of C1q and C1s inhibitor, undetectable C1r, C1s and an elevated B. Haemolytic C1, C4 and C2 were less than 5 percent of normal, functional C1s inhibitor was absent. Cryoglobulin and C1q precipitins were present in the serum. Of special interest was the presence of high levels of cold-reactive antilymphocyte antibody, determined by both C-dependent cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence. The antibody exhibited specificities for both autologous lymphocytes and lymphocytes from normal donors; cytotoxic activity for autologous leukaemia cells was removed by absorption with normal isologous tonsil lymphocytes. Specific enrichment of this antibody relative to the serum level was demonstrated in the cryoglobulin and its isolated 19S fractions. Free lymphocyte surface antigen was also demonstrated by gel diffusion using specific rabbit antilymphocyte antiserum. These data strongly suggest the presence of pathogenetically significant circulating complexes of lymphocyte surface antigen and specific antibody in certain patients with CLL.
 ...
PMID:Evidence for immune complexes involving anti-lymphocyte antibodies associated with hypocomplementaemia in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). 13 25

Three patients at various stages of remission from leukemia died following the development of massive liver necrosis within only 4-6 days. All had either hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody in their sera, and two of them experienced severe epigastric pain before the onset of liver injury. Hepatitis B surface antigen appeared in two of these patients after remission from leukemia. Serum gamma-globulin levels increased with decreasing doses of prednisolone and other antileukemic drugs, and hepatic cell necrosis occurred extensively. Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen in their livers revealed a strong positive reaction in the phagocytic cells. These observations strongly suggest that hepatitis B virus may be causally related to the fulminant hepatic failure at least in two of the reported leukemic patients.
 ...
PMID:Fulminant hepatic failure during remission from leukemia: three cases associated with massive liver cell necrosis and hepatitis B virus. 15 50

It is known that the thymocyte surface antigen GIX is found in some strains of mice and not others, and that its expression in mice of strain 129, in which most extensive genetic studies have been made, is controlled by two unlinked cellular chromosomal loci. We have now isolated a protein with a mol wt of approximately 70,000 daltons from the surface of thymocytes from 129 mice, which have antigenic and biochemical properties characteristic of the gp69/71 envelope component of murine leukemia virus. Our evidence is compatible with the conclusion that it carries the GIX antigen.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical evidence linking the GIX thymocyte surface antigen to the gp69/71 envelope glycoprotein of murine leukemia virus. 16 85

By means of the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test, the distribution and antibody-induced redistribution (patching and capping) of a mammary tumor virus-induced (MLr) and a normal (Thy 1.2) cell-surface antigen were compared on mouse thymocytes and leukemia cells (GRSL2). At 0 degrees C Thy 1.2 fluorescence was ringlike and more intense on GRSL2 cells than on thymocytes, whereas MLr fluorescence on GRLS2 cells at this temperature was patchlike and brighter than Thy 1.2 fluorescence. At 20 or 37 degrees C, capping of Thy 1.2 on both cell types was readily achieved but MLr capping occurred only in a few GRSL2 cells and was less pronounced. However, after addition of the secondary antibodies, MLr capping was markedly increased by gradual cooling of cells to about 17 degrees C. Conversely, after addition of antibodies at 0 degrees C, gradual warming of cells under the fluorescence microscope resulted in extensive capping both of MLr and Thy 1.2 at approximately 13-14 degrees C. Rapid cooling or rapid warming led to almost instantaneous capping. These results may be explained by the occurrence of phase transitions or phase separations in the particular temperature range. Another difference between capping of Thy 1.2 and MLr was that the former caps were small and eventually were endocytosed, whereas the MLr caps were large and were exfoliated from the cells.
 ...
PMID:Distribution and antibody-induced redistribution of a mammary tumor virus-induced and a normal antigen on the surface of mouse leukemia cells. 16 87

Mouse and cat cells were each examined for the mode of restriction of endogenous xenotropic oncornavirus. Murine xenotropic helper virus (MuX) and its pseudo-type of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV(MuX)) were grown in cat cells to high titre. MuX alone did not replicate in any mouse cell tested including normal or transformed outbred Swis 3T3 cells or SC-I cells, but did grow in a variety of other mammalian cells. MSV(MuX) was not able to achieve that intracellular state from which it could be rescued by mouse leukaemia virus (MuLV) in any mouse cell tested with the exception of SC-I cells. Detection of MSV(MuX) foci with appropriate helper virus was as sensitive in SC-I cells as in the cells of several other species. Sequential passage of MSV(MuX) virus complex in SC=I cells resulted in a loss of infectious sarcoma and helper viruses, but transformed, MSV rescuable cells were retained. If cat embryo cells were infected with either the feline endogenous xenotropic virus (FeX) or its MSV pseudotype (MSV(FeX), two analogous states of restriction were observed. FeX alone did not replicate in cat cells as measured by release of progeny virus or by FeX group-specific antigen induction. Cat cells could be susceptible or insusceptible to the entry of MSV(FeX) as measured by MSV rescue with appropriate ecotropic feline leukaemia virus. The sensitivity of detection of MSV(FeX) foci in some cat cells in the presence of feline ecotropic virus was comparable to that exhibited by cells of other mammalian species. A single strain of cat cells underwent a change in its restrictive capacity for MSV(FeX) on prolonged passage. Late passage cat cells became very insusceptible to MSV(FeX) but not to other pseudotypes of MSV. Infectious FeX or its group-specific antigens were not detected in the insusceptible cells. The major glycoprotein of FeX did appear as a surface antigen of the insusceptibel cells. It is apparent that two levels of cellular restriction can be distinguished in each of two mammalian cell systems by the susceptibility to penetration of MSV coated with endogenous xenotropic oncornavirus.
 ...
PMID:Two levels of restriction by mouse or cat cells of murine sarcoma virus coated by endogenous xenotropic oncornavirus. 17 36

Primary cell cultures of mammary tumors from Rill, GR, DD, BALB/cfC3H, and BALB/c mice were prepared by trypsin-EDTA dissociation of tumors. Cultures from these strains contained predominantly cells of epithelial morphology which formed three-dimensional domelike structures. Cultures from Rill, GR, DD, and BALB/cfC3H tumors produced extra-cellular type-B mouse mammary tumor virus(es) (MuMTV), either in the absence of detectable type-C virus or with less than 1% contamination with type-C virus. This was determined by radioimmunoassays for MuMTV and murine leukemia virus (MuLV) antigens. Only BALB/c cultures produced MuMTV with as much as 3% contaminating MuLV. High levels of MuMTV surface antigen were also found in soluble form in culture supernatants. Virus polypeptide analyses by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels showed that the Rill BALB/cfC3H, DD, and BALB/c viruses all contained polypeptides characteristic of MuMTV. Primary cultures of mammary tumor cells make available a source of purified MuMTV antigens, structural proteins, and nucleic acids for comparative studies of MuMTV from various mouse strains.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of mouse mammary tumor viruses from primary tumor cell cultures.I. Immunologic and structural studies. 17 73

Allogenic, semisyngeneic and syngeneic sera of animals immunized with ML-positive leukemia L1210 cells, besides anti-ML antibodies, contain antibodies which react with Gross cellular surface antigen. ML antigen and Gross cellular surface antigen were shown by the immunoferritin test in electron microscopy, and by the blocking test, to be situated on different parts of the cell surface. No budding viral particles were found on the areas occupied by these antigens. By distinguishing the ML antigen identified on the surface of leukemia L1210 cells from the Gross cellular antigen, it was shown that the MTV present in leukemias of DBA/2 mice has no leukemogenic properties. Demonstration of core and envelope antigens of the MTV and Gross MuLV, besides C particles and intracytoplasmatic A particles, which are precursors of B particles, is proof of existence of genomes of both viruses in leukemia L1210 cells. The ability of leukemia L1210 cells to absorb activity from the anti-ML sera and reaction between anti-ML sera and isolated B particles of the MTV in immunoprecipitation, indicate probable existence of an antigenic component of the MTV within the ML antigen.
 ...
PMID:Serological identification of viral and virus-related antigens on DBA/2 mouse leukemia lymphocytes. 22 Sep 30


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>