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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity was estimated in 50 healthy humans and 89 patients with leukaemia; 41 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 22 cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and 26 cases of lymphoid leukaemia (LL). The groups proved to be separate entities (p less than 0.000 25) and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.001) except for the difference between AML and LL. The 95% confidence limits for normal NAP scores were 15.0-132.6. Decreased scores were demonstrated in 73% of CML, 7% of AML but never in LL patients. Increased scores were found in 37% of AML, 31% of LL but never in CML patients. Evaluation of the distribution of the single cell NAP activity (negative, weak positive, strong positive) showed decreased activity in 77% of CML, 15% of AML but never in LL patients. Increased activity was demonstrated in 63% of AML, 54% of LL and 9% of CML patients. The evaluation of single cell activity is a time-saving method, which furthermore proved superior to the scoring method in discriminating between the types of leukaemia investigated.
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PMID:Evaluation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity: untreated myeloid leukaemia, lymphoid leukaemia and normal humans. 385 5

Adequate tumour material was obtained for phenotypic classification using a standard library of monoclonal antibodies from 81 previously untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), or lymphocytic lymphoma (LL). Sixty-one individuals were adults and 20 were children of 14 yr or younger. Fifty-eight of the patients (72%) had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the remaining 23 (28%) had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or lymphocytic lymphoma. Considering only the patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 58) the median age was 19 yr (range 3-69 yr): 9% were black, 43% were coloured, 48% were white, and the distribution between adult (n = 38) and paediatric patients (n = 20) was comparable. Complete remission rate in the adults was 58% and in the paediatric group 85%. For the total group (n = 58) median duration of survival was 59 weeks for common, 39 weeks for null, 63 weeks for T-ALL, and 13 weeks for B-ALL subtypes. In both the common and the null groups overall and disease-free survival was superior in the children. In contrast, no difference was evident in the T-ALL group, which was also notable for its high incidence in young coloured males. The 15 patients with CLL and eight with LL were adults and all the cells were phenotypically of B lineage: in view of the small numbers no comments are possible about ethnic differences. A multi-centre collaborative study is needed to define the epidemiology of haematologic malignancy in South Africa, with emphasis on differences among ethnically distinct subpopulations.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic classification of lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphocytic lymphoma--an experience in the south-western area of the Cape Province of South Africa. 387 33

Five antigen systems were defined by the monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) produced against mature T cells. The antigens recognized were grouped into two categories based on the antigen distribution on T cells. (a) Tp 120 [mol. wt 120 kilodaltons (120kD)] and Tp40 (40kD), these are on most peripheral T cells, but not on any other cell lineages, i.e. pan-T antigen. (b) Ts32 (32kD), Ts145 (145kD) and TsA (not determined), these antigens are present only on certain populations of peripheral T cells, i.e., T subset antigen. Among these five, Ts145 and TsA are probably novel T cell antigens. Cell surface phenotypes of leukaemias and lymphomas were typed with these MoAb. Ia like antigen negative, null cell type acute lymphocytic leukaemia (Ia- null ALL) are Tp40+, suggesting that this type of ALL belongs to a T cell lineage. T cell ALL (T-ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL) were both Tp40+, Ts32+, TsA+ and a half of the cases were Tp120+, but the expression of Tp40 was stronger on LL cells. Mature T cell (T2) lymphoma and adult T cell leukaemia (ATL) were Tp120+, TsA+, while Tp40 was weakly expressed on only one third of the cases. These MoAb were found to be useful to estimate the origin of various T cell malignancies.
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PMID:Five antigens on human T cells detected by mouse monoclonal antibodies. 633 46

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (LL) from cows with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been studied using a number of surface markers. Cell populations were obtained by partial enrichment and depletion using Sephadex G-200-anti-F(ab')2 and Sephadex G-200-anti-LL-Ig immunoadsorbent columns. It was shown that cell populations having different markers, i.e., surface immunoglobulins (sIg) and leukemia-associated antigens (LAA), are characterized by similar parameters. Thus the adherent cells obtained by both fractionation methods formed 1.1-4.0% of rosettes with sheep red blood cells, while 90.6-94.3% were sIg positive cells. The cytotoxicity test (CTT) performed with anti-B and anti-LL sera indicated that a vast majority of adherent cells reacted to the sera. Thus the adherent cells represent a population with a high percentage of B-cells.
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PMID:Partial characterization of bovine leukemic cell populations. 633 95

A method using avidin-biotin complex (ABC) to detect the presence of the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is described and compared with a proven indirect immunofluorescence method. The material studied consisted of: (1) peripheral blood and bone marrow smears from 17 patients with leukemia (ALL, 8; CLL, 3; AML, 6), six normal controls, one T-ALL cell line, and (2) frozen tissue sections from four patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), two patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NLPD), two patients with reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH) and one calf thymus. The slides from patients with ALL had from 30 to 90% cells with nuclear positively by the ABC technique. Slides from patients with CLL were negative, as were the normal peripheral blood smears. Normal bone marrow smears contained less than 5% positive cells. The T-ALL cell line was 100% positive. The frozen tissue sections from the patients with LL and the calf thymus contained numerous positive cells, while all of the sections from the patients with NLPD and RFH were negative. A good correlation existed between the ABC and the indirect immunofluorescence methods. The ABC method described is both more specific and more sensitive than the previously described techniques in detecting TdT in tissue sections and smear preparations.
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PMID:The demonstration of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on frozen tissue sections and smears by the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method. 635 Jul 30

Optimized methods for extraction and enzyme assay in crude tissue preparations were used to determine the amounts of terminal deoxnucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in malignant lymphomas. The TdT concentration was increased only in lymphoblastic lymphomas (LL) and was as high in these tumours as in the white blood cells from untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The enzymes extracted from such lymphomas and from the leukaemic lymphoblasts had the same properties. Moreover, forms of TdT with low and high mol. wt were found in the LL tumours, similar to other reports of TdT-positive leukaemias. The overall study points at some basic biochemical identity of certain lymphoblastic malignancies, irrespective of whether the transformed cells are in solid tumours or are disseminated in the blood.
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PMID:Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in human lymphomas: possible existence of forms with high and low molecular weights. 693 47

In this study, we examined the effects of altered environmental lighting on the infection process of a murine leukemia virus, E-55(+), which induces a thymic lymphoma/leukemia in 100% of BALB.K mice inoculated as adults. One to two weeks after inoculation, high levels of proviral DNA are usually found. This is followed by an asymptomatic period of many weeks during which proviral DNA becomes essentially undetectable. Leukemia develops approximately 28 weeks postinoculation. In this experiment, one group of mice was exposed a consistent 10L: 14D cycle while a second was maintained in constant light (LL). A third group was exposed to a rotating cycle characterized by phase shifting a 10L: 14D cycle every three 24-h days (rLD). All cycles began 2 weeks prior to inoculation and were maintained thereafter. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 5, 10, and 15 weeks, and hematopoietic tissue was examined for proviral DNA content. At 1 week, LL- and rLD-exposed animals showed considerably less proviral DNA in bone marrow and spleen compared with controls. At 15 weeks, thymuses from controls were showing signs of infection whereas tissue from LL and rLD mice remained at background levels. We conclude that environmental lighting does alter the infective pattern displayed by this retrovirus, although whether this effect is mediated by changes in the target stem cells or through immunoenhancement has not yet been determined.
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PMID:Environmental lighting alters the infection process in an animal model of AIDS. 767 82

We have utilized two well-characterized human leukemia/lymphoma (LL) cell lines, UTMB-460 and CEM, to determine the role of integrin very late antigen-alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and its ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the adherence of the LL cells to marrow stromal cells (MSC). Both these LL cell lines express alpha and beta subunits of VLA-4. VCAM-1 is constitutively expressed by human MSC and its expression can be upregulated by interleukin-4 (IL-4) and recombinant human tissue necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha). IL-4 and rTNF-alpha stimulation of MSC is associated with a significant increase in the adherence of both UTMB-460 and CEM LL cells to the cytokine-stimulated MSC. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the alpha and beta subunits of VLA-4 and VCAM-1 significantly inhibit adherence of the LL cells to unstimulated and cytokine-treated MSC. The data reported indicate that VCAM-1 and integrin VLA-4 are obligatory adhesion proteins in the heterotypic adherence between human LL cells and MSC. The constitutive expression of VCAM-1 by MSC may be partially responsible for retention of leukemia cells in th bone marrow and metastasis of lymphomas to the bone marrow.
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PMID:Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and VLA-4 are obligatory adhesion proteins in the heterotypic adherence between human leukemia/lymphoma cells and marrow stromal cells. 768

In order to define better the cytological and clinical features of atypical B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) with t(11:14)(q13;q32), sequential morphologic immunological and cytogenetic studies were performed in seven patients belonging to a series of 72 consecutive cases presenting with a diagnosis of CLL or atypical CLL according to the FAB criteria. Cytologic diagnosis in these seven patients with t(11;14) was typical CLL in two cases presenting with < 10% large lymphocytes (LL) and prolymphocytes (PL) and atypical CLL in five cases in which LL and PL comprised between 10% and 55%. The diagnosis was supported by histologic findings on bone marrow biopsy (five cases) or splenectomy specimens (two cases). A progressive increase of peripheral LL and PL was observed, resulting in a switch of FAB diagnosis over a 6-60-month period from typical CLL into atypical CLL in two cases and from atypical CLL into prolymphocytic leukaemia in five cases. Immunophenotyping showed a mature B-cell phenotype with CD19, CD22, CD24 positivity and CD10 negativity in all patients. A bright-staining pattern for surface immunoglobulins (SIg) was detected in 6/7 cases, CD5 positivity in 6/7 cases, and CD23 positivity in 1/7 cases. The FMC-7 monoclonal antibody was positive in > 40% cells in 5/6 cases. Chromosome changes in addition to t(11;14) were seen in five cases; in two cases unbalanced translocations involving the 3q21 chromosome region, resulting in partial trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 3, were detected early in the course of the disease. Karyotype evolution that was associated with disease progression occurred in 3/6 assessable patients. Comparison of these findings with similar data from 65 B-CLL patients without t(11:14) showed that atypical morphology, switch of FAB diagnosis during the course of the disease, and karyotype evolution were more frequently seen in cases with t(11;14) (5/7 v 15/65 cases, P = 0.015, 7/7 v 7/65 cases, P < 0.0001, and 3/6 v 5/45 assessable cases, P = 0.04, respectively). The frequency of positivity for CD23 and bright SIg staining differed significantly in the two groups. It is concluded that t(11;14) identifies a cytologically atypical subset of B-CLL, characterized by frequent cytologic and cytogenetic evolution and by a distinct immunological profile, sharing some biological features with mantle cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Atypical chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with t(11;14)(q13;q32): karyotype evolution and prolymphocytic transformation. 779 64

A small subgroup of human CD3-positive T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL) has been recently identified to express the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma/delta heterodimer. Moreover peculiar clinical and histologic patterns of spleen and liver involvement have been associated with the TCR gamma/delta phenotype of tumor cells. In this paper we describe a human T-LL cell line (LL-DP) established in beige-nude-xid (BNX) mice, that by immunophenotype, molecular, and karyotype analyses, maintained most of the features of the patient. After serial transplants in BNX mice, LL-DP acquired quite a stable phenotype, producing a visible tumor in about 5 weeks in all the intravenously injected animals. The minimum number of transplanted cells that produce a tumor in all mice is 1 x 10(6). BNX mice bearing LL-DP lymphoma cells presented marked abdominal distension and splenomegaly. Diffuse lymphadenopathy with large tumor deposits in various lymph nodes that produce architectural effacement with a diffuse growth pattern was documented. The bone marrow was completely replaced, and spleen, liver, and kidneys were involved. Invasion of the central nervous system was leptomeningeal and perivascular. Overall this model might be useful for understanding mechanisms supporting lymphoma growth and progression as well as for testing new therapeutic strategies.
Leukemia 1993 Feb
PMID:Human T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma expressing the T-cell receptor gamma/delta established in immune-deficient (bg/nu/xid) mice. 838 Nov 96


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