Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of the membrane complement regulatory proteins, C3b/C4b receptor (CR1, CD35), membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46), and decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), expressed on cells from patients with haematological malignancies and normal subjects were assessed by flowcytometry using the respective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). All myeloid and most lymphoid leukaemia samples tested were CR1-negative: two of the 42 leukaemia samples expressed minute amounts of CR1. Lack of CR1 in leukaemia cells was confirmed with two mAbs raised against CR1, 31R, and 243R, which recognized different epitopes and induced different degrees of CR1-mediated fluorescent shift on flow-cytometry in granulocytes and erythrocytes. MCP was increased in most chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and was also increased in majority of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Levels of DAF were also high in CML and CLL, and were variable in other types of leukaemia: some were DAF-negative while others expressed extremely high levels of DAF. In CML patients, the high level of MCP and the lack of CR1 were normalized after medical treatment. These results are in agreement with the data obtained with human leukaemia cell lines, and support the hypothesis that CR1 is essentially a differentiated cell antigen and that a high level of MCP reflects some malignant transformation or an immature stage in blood cells.
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PMID:Levels of complement regulatory proteins, CD35 (CR1), CD46 (MCP) and CD55 (DAF) in human haematological malignancies. 138 49

In this paper, we emphasize the uses of serum banks in cancer research. These include not only case/control studies but also prospective seroepidemiological studies in which the development of a serological marker, such as a viral antibody or viral antigen, can be correlated with the subsequent development of cancer in either an active surveillance program or the use of cancer registries or hospital records. Several different methods of application of the cohort technique are illustrated by studies of hepatitis B antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma and of Epstein-Barr virus in relation to African Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Collections of sera done for one purpose can often be utilized for another purpose, if properly stored and documented. Two examples are tests for human T-cell leukemia virus, type 1, antibody from sera done for a health survey in Barbados approximately 8 years earlier and the use of data determined for a prospective study of the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in West Point Cadets for psychological factors affecting the development of clinical illness among those infected. Archival materials, such as frozen tissues and paraffin sections, may also now be utilized for identifying genomes of potential oncogenic viruses by the polymerase chain reaction.
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PMID:The past is prologue: use of serum banks in cancer research. 139 73

Population-based case-control interview studies of white men, 578 with leukemia, 622 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 820 controls from Iowa and Minnesota and 173 with multiple myeloma and 452 controls from Iowa, offered the opportunity to investigate the relationship of these cancers with alcohol consumption. Although drinkers had non-significantly elevated risks for specific subtypes of leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 3.0), myelodysplasia (OR = 1.6), and other leukemia (OR = 1.5)) and multiple myeloma (OR = 1.3), there were no statistically significant findings and no dose-response gradients with amount of alcohol consumed. Thus, these data suggest that alcohol is not an important contributor to the etiology of lymphatic and hematopoietic tumors.
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PMID:Alcohol consumption and risk of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. 140 12

In order to determine the role of interleukin 2 (IL2) on the proliferation of leukemic cells from patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) we studied the production of IL2, the function of IL2 receptors (IL2R) expressed on T-ALL cells and their IL-2-dependent in vitro proliferation. Leukemic cells from six out of 17 T-ALL/T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with a prothymocyte (stage I) or a mature thymocyte (stage III), but not with a common thymocyte (stage II) phenotype, could proliferate, in a dose-dependent manner, in response to recombinant IL2 (rIL2) and anti-Tac and TU27 moAbs as well as polyclonal anti-IL2 purified immunoglobulin G could inhibit this IL2-induced cell proliferation. Both crude or/and Amicon-concentrated media conditioned by T-ALL cells from 10 out of 13 tested patients contained IL2 activity as assessed by colorimetric biological and immunoenzymatic assays; this biologic activity was due to a 14.5 kDa molecule adsorbed by anti-IL2 antibodies in an immunoaffinity assay. Although less than 10% of fresh leukemic cells expressed IL2R alpha (Tac) chain, a 24 h cell incubation in the absence of any mitogenic stimulation induced IL2R alpha chain expression in five out of 13 patients (11-83% Tac+ cells). Morever, Tac mRNA transcripts could be detected in fresh cells from all 10 patients tested. Staining of fresh leukemic cells with an IL-2R beta-chain-specific monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry analysis revealed that 4-13% of leukemic cells were positive. Binding experiments with 125I-rIL2 showed a small number of high affinity IL2R on fresh cells from three T-ALL patients (114-200 sites/cell, dissociation constant = 101-181 pm). Finally, antibodies against IL2R alpha, IL2R beta and IL2 could inhibit both IL2 driven and spontaneous cell proliferation of most patients' T-ALL cells, although in some cases an heterogenous pattern of inhibition was observed. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that an IL2/IL2R-dependent mechanism could be involved in the proliferation of some T-ALL cells.
Leukemia 1992 Oct
PMID:Interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2 receptor expression by human immature leukemic T cells. 140 55

This article summarizes cancer risks among farmers to clarify the magnitude of the problem and to suggest directions for future research. Significant excesses occurred for Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, leukemia, skin melanomas, and cancers of the lip, stomach, and prostate. Nonsignificant increases in risk were also noted for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cancers of connective tissue and brain. These excesses occurred against a background of substantial deficits among farmers for total mortality and mortality from many specific diseases. The tumors vary in frequency, histology, and prognosis and do not fall into any obvious grouping. Two commonalities may be important. Several of the tumors excessive among farmers appear to be rising in the general population and are excessive among patients with naturally occurring or medically induced immunodeficiencies. Therefore epidemiologic studies on specific exposures among farmers may help explain the rising trend of certain cancers in developed countries and provide clues to mechanisms of action for environmental carcinogens.
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PMID:Clues to cancer etiology from studies of farmers. 141 62

The epipodophyllotoxins, etoposide and teniposide, have been used in leukemias and malignant lymphomas for the past 15 years. Although etoposide has acquired a place in many first-line protocols for lymphomas and, more recently, for leukemias, the role of teniposide has remained limited. Teniposide is a more potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II than etoposide, and has a less toxic effect on hematopoietic progenitor cells. Both drugs have been regarded as equitoxic and cross-resistant. The role of teniposide in front-line treatment of leukemias has only been established in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Some promising results have been obtained in small numbers of patients with refractory adult ALL and acute monoblastic leukemia. However, the remission rates and remission duration were not significantly different from those of other combination regimens. Data on teniposide in untreated acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia are very scarce. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the antineoplastic activity of teniposide has been demonstrated in studies by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and in two large studies conducted by the Australian and New Zealand Lymphoma Co-operative Chemotherapy Study Group. In these studies, teniposide had comparable but not significantly better activity than vincristine. The dose-dependent antineoplastic activity of teniposide has led to its use in several conditioning regimens in bone marrow transplantation for leukemias and lymphomas. The limited clinical data currently available on teniposide seem to warrant further clinical trials with this agent in leukemias and lymphomas.
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PMID:Teniposide in lymphomas and leukemias. 141 40

Two patients with haematologic malignancies developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while under outpatient treatment, one on busulphan for chronic myelogen leukemia, and the other on prednisone plus chlorambucil for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The first patient was moderately ill and required hospitalization for 12 days while the second patient was critically ill and needed assisted ventilation for two weeks. Eventually they both recovered and returned to work. Tests for serum antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were negative in both patients. We review the problem of P. carinii pneumonia in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs.
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PMID:[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--not only in AIDS]. 141 21

Cancer mortality during 1970-85 of immigrants from East and West Africa and the Caribbean to England and Wales is described. Overall cancer mortality was raised in West African males (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.54), and non-significantly raised in West African females (RR 1.14, 0.96-1.37) compared to mortality in the England and Wales-born population. Much of the increased risk was due to very high rates of liver cancer in males (RR 31.6, 23.8-41.9), but rates were also raised for a wide range of other cancers in each sex. Only lung and brain cancer had significantly decreased mortality. In East Africans, overall cancer mortality was low in males (RR 0.63, 0.56-0.70), and in females (RR 0.80, 0.72-0.89). Mortality was significantly low for cancers of the stomach, pancreas and testis, and Hodgkin's disease in males, for cervical cancer in females, and for lung cancer and melanoma in both sexes. Cancer sites with significantly raised mortality included oropharyngeal cancer, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma in both sexes. In Caribbean immigrants overall cancer rates were significantly low in males (RR 0.71, 0.68-0.74) and in females (RR 0.76, 0.73-0.80). Mortality was significantly low for many cancers including colorectal, lung, testis and brain cancers. Mortality was significantly raised only for cancer of the prostate in males, of the placenta in females, and of the liver, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in both sexes. Overall, mortality was high from prostatic cancer and liver cancer, and was low from brain cancer, in predominantly ethnic African immigrant groups. Both East and West African immigrants had raised rates of leukaemia. All of the migrant groups had high rates of multiple myeloma and low rates of testicular, ovarian and lung cancer. Genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to these patterns are discussed.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in African and Caribbean migrants to England and Wales. 141 34

In the preclinical arm of our study, the radiobiologic features of primary malignant cells from newly diagnosed and relapsed T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia/non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were analyzed using clonogenic assays. A marked heterogeneity existed relative to the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of clonogenic T-lineage ALL/NHL cells from 42 patients. The mean SF2 (surviving fraction at 200 cGy) and alpha values (initial slope of the survival curve) were 0.36 +/- 0.04, and 0.558 +/- 0.079 Gy-1. Fourteen cases had SF2 values of > or = 0.50 and alpha values of < or = 0.2 Gy-1, consistent with a marked intrinsic radiation resistance at the level of clonogenic leukemia/lymphoma cells. Of these 14 radiation resistant cases, 12 were CD3+. Furthermore, the SF2 and D0 values of the 28 CD3+ cases were significantly higher than the SF2 and D0 values of the 14 CD3- cases (SF2: 0.441 +/- 0.048 versus 0.189 +/- 0.045, p = 0.002; D0: 189.6 +/- 26.3 cGy versus 108.7 +/- 18.2 cGy, p = 0.047) and CD3+ cases had smaller alpha values than CD3- cases (0.454 +/- 0.087 versus 0.765 +/- 0.152, p = 0.06). Thus, clonogenic cells from CD3+ T-lineage ALL/NHL patients were more resistant to radiation than clonogenic cells from CD3- T-lineage ALL/NHL patients. In the clinical arm of our study, 33 T-lineage ALL/NHL patients received autologous bone marrow transplants during remission. Pretransplant conditioning consisted of total body irradiation combined with high dose chemotherapy. The expression of CD3 antigen predicted the outcome of relapsed T-lineage ALL/NHL patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation following total body irradiation plus high dose chemotherapy. Overall, the Kaplan-Meier estimate and standard error of the probability of remaining in remission at 3.5 years was 11 +/- 9% with a median relapse-free interval of 102 days. The disease-free survival at 3.5 years was 8 +/- 7% with a median disease-free survival time of 96 days. Notably, the expression of CD3 antigen on T-lineage ALL/NHL cells correlated with the probability of relapse after bone marrow transplantation. While 16 of 19 CD3+ patients relapsed after bone marrow transplantation, only 3 of 8 CD3- patients relapsed. The Kaplan-Meier estimates and standard errors of the probability of remaining in remission at 1 year after bone marrow transplantation were 7 +/- 6% (median relapse-free interval = 74 days) for CD3+ patients (n = 19) and 63 +/- 17% for CD3- patients (n = 8) (p = 0.006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunophenotype predicts radiation resistance in T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 142 95

The lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) was used to study the surface carbohydrate expression of galactose beta 1, 3, N-acetylgalactosamine by normal and malignant hemopoietic cells. Immunostaining was performed using biotinylated PNA and a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase staining technique on 78 patients. The study was undertaken to enlarge on previous reports of lectin binding to cells of hemopoietic origin and to establish the potential role of biotinylated PNA as a component of an immunotoxin for in vitro purging of bone marrow in patients with multiple myeloma. In normals only monocytes, macrophages, centroblasts and plasma cells showed reactivity. Of the hematological malignancies, all cases of multiple myeloma were positive and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases with a large cell component had positive centroblasts. Two of 5 cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia, one case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and one case of pleomorphic T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed PNA positive neoplastic cells. The reactivity of biotinylated PNA with centroblasts and plasma cells suggests that it may be of potential value when linked to a streptavidin-ricin conjugate in the in vitro purging of bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Peanut agglutinin (lectin from Arachis hypogaea) binding to hemopoietic cells: an immunophenotypic study using a biotin streptavidin technique. 143 89


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