Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recombinant interferon alpha enhanced the MHC class I antigen density on human leukaemia/lymphoma cell lines REH, U-937 and HL-60, as measured by immunocytofluorometry using specific monoclonal antibodies. A similar effect was induced (as demonstrated in REH cells), also by human leukocyte interferon-alpha. The latter, however, caused no major alterations in the expression of leukocyte common antigen (ICA; CD45) and transferrin receptor (CD71) in the cell lines examined. In REH cells, there was no interferon-induced alteration of CD10 antigen (CALLA), which in this cell line is markedly down-regulated by 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). A decrease of CD4 antigen density on the cell membrane was induced by interferon-alpha in monoblastoid U-937 cells. No induction of MHC class I and II antigens by interferon-alpha was found in K-562 cell subline.
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PMID:Interferon alpha-induced modulation of leukocyte cell surface antigens: immunocytofluorometric study with human leukaemia/lymphoma cell lines. 168 18

A novel monoclonal antibody, designated WH14-antibody (WH14-Ab), was produced by using a non-T ALL cell line (HBL-3) as an immunogen. 35S-labelled immunoprecipitate revealed that the antigen reacting with WH14-Ab was estimated to be 30 Kd. Immunoglobulin isotype of WH14-Ab was IgG1. In the normal hematopoietic tissue, WH14-Ab reacted with a small number of monocytes (less than 30%) in the peripheral blood, but neither with the lymphocytes nor granulocytes. WH14-Ab reacted with HBL-3 and REH, but not with other B-cell leukemia/lymphoma and EBV-transformed cell lines. In addition, WH14-Ab reacted with most non-T ALL and pre-B lymphoblastic lymphoma. WH14-Ab did not react with all T-cell lymphomas. These findings indicate that the WH14-Ab may recognize the cell surface determinant shared by immature B cells, especially pre-B cells, in the B-cell lineage. WH14-Ab may be useful not only for the detection of pre-B cell leukemia/lymphomas but also for the investigation of maturation and differentiation of B-cell lineage.
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PMID:A novel monoclonal antibody specific for human pre-B cell leukemia/lymphoma. 191 99

The thermal sensitivities of four B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic (ALL) cell lines (REH and KM-3 = pre pre B-ALL; NALM-6 and HPB-NULL = pre B-ALL), and 1 B-cell ALL (NAMALWA) cell line were studied and compared to the thermal sensitivity of the T-lineage ALL cell line MOLT-3 using an in vitro clonogenic assay system by limiting dilution. B-lineage ALL cells were as sensitive to hyperthermia as were T-lineage ALL cells. D0 values at 42 degrees C ranged from 44.9 min (NALM-6) to 85.6 min (NAMALWA), D0 values at 43 degrees C ranged from 15.3 min (NALM-6) to 35.7 min (KM-3), and D0 values at 44 degrees C ranged from 11.1 min (NALM-6) to 23.8 min (HPB-NULL). By comparison, the D0 values of MOLT-3 cells were 95.1 min at 42 degrees C, 23.8 min at 43 degrees C, and 14.7 min at 44 degrees C. The maximum log kill values which were observed ranged from 0.8 log (KM-3 and HPB-NULL) to 1.3 logs (NALM-6) at 42 degrees C, from 1.4 logs (KM-3) to 4.2 logs (NALM-6) at 43 degrees C, and from 3.8 logs (HPB-NULL) to 4.8 logs (NALM-6) at 44 degrees C. A thermal tolerant plateau was observed in the hyperthermia survival curves of REH, NALM-6, and HPB-NULL cells, providing circumstantial evidence that thermal tolerance may develop in some B-cell precursor ALL cells after 90-120 min of continuous heating. In contrast, no thermal tolerant plateau was observed in the hyperthermia survival curves of pre-pre-B-ALL/KM-3 B-cell ALL/NAMALWA or T-lineage ALL/MOLT-3 cells. The kinetics of development and decay of thermotolerance was studied for NALM-6 cells. Thermotolerance after a priming heat exposure to 42 degrees C for 30 min was maximum at 8 hr with a maximum thermotolerance ratio of 2.0, and it decayed by 24 hr. These findings extend previous studies on the thermal sensitivity of human leukemia cells and provide new information on the thermal sensitivity and thermotolerance of B-lineage ALL cells.
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PMID:Thermal sensitivity and thermal tolerance of human B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. 229 18

Using an in vitro model, we studied whether combining 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC) with other drugs could improve its effectiveness as an ex vivo purging agent for autologous bone marrow transplantation. 4HC was incubated simultaneously with vincristine and etoposide, and sequentially with methylprednisolone, in various combinations. Compared to 4HC alone, all drug combinations increased the kill of the leukemia cell lines K562 and CEM without increasing the kill of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM). The combination of 4HC, vincristine and methylprednisolone was the most active, and this drug combination was also the only combination which showed improved selective cytotoxicity (compared to 4HC alone) toward REH cells. This combination inhibited at least 8 logs of clonogenic leukemia cells from all three cell lines at doses which spared 1% of CFU-GM. This was an increase of 1.7 to 6.6 logs of clonogenic leukemia cell kill over 4HC alone. This drug combination displayed similar differential activity between fresh clonogenic leukemia cells and CFU-GM cultured from the bone marrows of seven patients about to undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of combination drug purging for autologous bone marrow transplantation. 235 Jun 26

We report on the characterization of four monoclonal antibodies which were prepared against membrane markers of human myeloid lineage. Fusion, isolation of hybridoma cells and their cloning and testing of the monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and FACS 440 analysis were performed by means of standard procedures. The results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies have a specificity against membrane markers of human myeloid lineage (exactly promyelo-granulocytes). These monoclonal antibodies do not react with human T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes of peripheral blood. In normal bone marrow reactivity to matured myeloid cells was found to occur in promyelocytes and expressed on all granulocytes. These monoclonal antibodies also react with cells of myeloid cell lines and with other precursor cell lines represented by NALM-1, NALM-16, HEL, K-562, REH no reactivity was detected. The produced antibodies react with some leukaemic cells from patients with more mature myeloid cells (AML with promyelocytes, myelocytes and CML) they do not react with pathological cells from patients with CLL, AML (with myeloblasts), ALL, hairy cell leukaemia, erythroleukaemia and several types lymphoma. All antibodies have a IgM class and express granulocytotoxic and granuloagglutination activity. Using flow cytometry comparative analysis with other monoclonal antibodies was performed to detect the membrane structure (X-haptene) included in standard International classification as CD 15 group.
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PMID:Human leukocyte markers defined by monoclonal antibodies. I. Expression of X-hapten structure on cells of myeloid lineage. 246 63

In the present study, we established a dependable system by which human pre-B- and non-T/non-B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are efficiently transplanted into nude mice; the transplanted tumors provide a useful model for investigating the efficacy of antitumor agents in the in vivo therapy of human cancer. NALM-6 (a pre-B-ALL cell line) cells were transplanted under varying conditions as the pre-B-leukemia cells, whereas REH (a non-T/non-B-ALL cell line) cells were transplanted as the non-T/non-B-leukemia cells. Under optimal and near optimal conditions, 71 of 101 X-irradiated mice (70%) developed distinct tumors approximately 2 wk after i.d. inoculation of a mixture of NALM-6 cells and X-irradiated human fibrosarcoma cells. Under the same conditions, 9 of 11 mice (82%) developed tumors following i.d. inoculation of REH cells admixed with X-irradiated human fibrosarcoma cells. Examination of the tumor tissues demonstrated that the tumors are of leukemia origin but not of fibrosarcoma origin. To demonstrate the usefulness of the present tumors for investigating the efficacy of antitumor agents in the in vivo therapy of human cancer, immunotoxins were tested for their specific suppressive activity against growing tumors of the transplanted NALM-6 cells. To this end, monoclonal antibodies SN5 and SN6 which define a common ALL antigen, termed CALLA, and a novel leukemia-associated cell surface glycoprotein, termed gp160, respectively, were separately conjugated with the A-chain subunit of ricin, a plant toxin; CALLA and gp160 are expressed on the cell surface of various human non-T-leukemia cells including NALM-6 cells. The conjugates of SN5 and SN6 with ricin A-chain (RA) showed specific activity against the leukemia cells but not against control cells in an in vitro assay. To investigate their in vivo efficacy in suppressing tumor growth, nude mice which had been inoculated i.d. with NALM-6 cells 25 days in advance and bore distinct palpable tumors (5 to 6 mm in diameter) were divided into five groups. One group of mice was nontreated as a control. Each of the remaining four groups of mice was given an injection of one of the following agents: (a) purified control mouse IgG (IgG1); (b) purified antibodies SN5 (IgG1) and SN6 (IgG1); (c) control IgG-RA conjugate; or (d) SN5-RA and SN6-RA. Tumors in all mice of the first four groups including the untreated group grew continuously, causing the mice to die.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficient transplantation of human non-T-leukemia cells into nude mice and induction of complete regression of the transplanted distinct tumors by ricin A-chain conjugates of monoclonal antibodies SN5 and SN6. 296 82

The sensitivity of lymphoid cells to the cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin (T-2) varies according to their degree of differentiation. To understand the mechanisms of these variations, the uptake and the metabolism of T-2 in susceptible (human lymphoma Daudi and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated murine lymphocytes) and resistant (human leukaemia KE37 and REH) cells were studied in culture. When cells were incubated with [3H]T-2 a significant increase in the quantity of T-2 associated with the cell occurred during the first 30 min, this increased further from 10-16 hr, and decreased after 24 hr. Daudi and REH cells took up 20 and 3% of the T-2 present in the medium, respectively. Metabolites, extracted from the culture medium and from cells, were analysed by the thin-layer chromatography. The products were identified by comparison with standards for T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol and T-2. Qualitatively, similar metabolic pathways were found in all cells examined. The presence of these metabolites demonstrated that T-2 was taken up by these cells. A correlation existed between the relative sensitivities of the cells toward T-2 and the amount of intracellular T-2 and/or metabolites. It is thought that differences in the kinetics of uptake and processing of T-2 account for the known differences in cellular sensitivities to the toxin.
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PMID:Uptake and metabolism of T-2 toxin in relation to its cytotoxicity in lymphoid cells. 318 34

In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) termed SN6 was generated by immunizing a mouse with a non-T-cell leukemia antigen preparation isolated from cell membranes of leukemia cells derived from a patient (FJ) with non-T/non-B-cell-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). SN6 was tested against a variety of cultured and uncultured human cell specimens by using a sensitive cellular radioimmunoassay. Among the 26 cultured malignant and nonmalignant cell lines tested, SN6 reacted with all of the 6 leukemic non-T/non-B (including pre-B)-cell lines tested--i.e., KM-3, NALM-16, REH, NALL-1, NALM-1, and NALM-6. Of these cell lines, 5 were derived from individual patients with ALL; the remaining 1 was from a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. In addition, SN6 reacted with 3 of 3 leukemic myelo-monocytic cell lines tested--i.e., ML-2, HL-60, and U937. SN6 did not react with any other cell lines. A consistent result was obtained with 42 fresh (uncultured) cell specimens derived from individual patients with several different types of leukemias. SN6 reacted with 11 of 16 non-T/non-B (including pre-B)-cell ALL specimens. In addition, it reacted with various myelo-monocytic leukemia cell specimens to various degrees. SN6 did not show a significant reaction with normal peripheral blood cells tested, which included B cells, T cells, granulocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes. However, it reacted with a small population (approximately 1% as determined by immunofluorescence staining) of normal bone marrow cells. The approximate molecular mass of the glycoprotein antigen defined by SN6 was determined to be 160,000 by radioimmunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Only one component of 80,000 daltons was formed upon reduction of the 160,000 molecular mass antigen. Therefore, this antigen is apparently a homodimer of a 80,000-dalton subunit. This conclusion was further corroborated by two-dimensional gel analysis, which showed a single well-defined spot for the reduced antigen. We designate this distinct human leukemia-associated cell surface antigen "GP160."
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PMID:Distinct human leukemia-associated cell surface glycoprotein GP160 defined by monoclonal antibody SN6. 346 4

The ability of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to induce stable phenotypic changes that serve as markers of differentiation was examined in the non-T/non-B leukemia cell lines KM-3 and REH and in the pre-B leukemia cell lines BV-173 and NALM-6. Isoenzymes of the enzymes carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), separated by isoelectric focusing on horizontal polyacrylamide thin-layer gels, were used to monitor induced changes. TPA in different concentrations completely or partially inhibited cell proliferation, but had no drug-related cytotoxicity. No increase in the number of nitro-blue-tetrazolium-reducing cells nor adherence to plastic surface was found. In all four cell lines, TPA caused an increase in number and staining intensity of esterase, acid phosphatase, and LDH isoenzymes. The resulting isoenzyme profiles corresponded to those seen at more mature intermediate stages of B-cell proliferation, but did not indicate a terminal differentiation to mature B cells. The loss of the hexosaminidase I isoenzyme, which is a marker of immature hematopoietic cells, was a further indicator of induced maturation. These results demonstrate that while TPA is capable of inducing various immature non-T/non-B and pre-B cell lines to differentiate, the differentiation progression appears to be restricted to intermediate stages, in contrast to the terminal differentiation inducible in myeloid cells.
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PMID:Pre-B and non-T/non-B leukemia cell lines BV-173, KM-3, NALM-6, and REH: changes in isoenzyme profiles during induction of differentiation. 348 15

An in vitro study of the behaviour of a human acute lymphoblastoid leukemia cell line (REH) towards the action of a mitogenic lectin of Robinia pseudoacacia was carried out. The results were compared with those a reference cell line (LHN13) established from normal human lymphocytes. In both cell lines, the lectin induces agglutination (measured by counting the number of aggregates as well as the number of cells in each aggregate) and decrease of growth (measured by counting the number of cells and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into TCA-precipitable material per 10(6) cells). The agglutination and the decrease of growth are produced at the doses of 0.5 and 1 microgram/ml of culture medium and after 4 h of exposure of cells to the lectin, respectively. These effects increase progressively with higher doses of lectin and continues throughout the culture. However, the REH line is less sensitive than the LHN13 line to the effects of lectin. Both agglutination and growth decrease of REH as well as LHN13 cell lines by the lectin are reversible; this is confirmed by the fact that the monospecific anti-Robinia lectin serum suppresses these effects.
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PMID:In vitro study of the comparative behaviour of a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line and a reference normal cell line towards the effects of a mitogenic lectin. 386 37


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