Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a unique case of hybrid leukaemia with bilineal and biphenotypic features. The coexistence of lymphoblasts and monoblasts was determined morphologically and cytochemically. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that each blast population had both T lymphoid (CD2, cytoplasmic CD3) and myeloid (CD11, CD13, CD15) markers. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from the lymph node biopsy demonstrated the presence of monoclonal rearrangement of the TcR-C beta gene. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow cells showed a karyotype of 48, XY, 7q+ in all of the metaphases examined. These observations are suggestive of a monoclonal origin for these two distinct blast populations.
 ...
PMID:Acute 'bilineal-biphenotypic' leukaemia. 202 83

The acute leukemias have been considered to represent a clonal expansion of a malignant transformed hematopoietic progenitor cell with adherence to either the myeloid or lymphoid lineage--"lineage fidelity." Lineage fidelity has been challenged by the demonstration of lineage switching or mixed-lineage leukemias. We describe a 7 year old male who presented with undifferentiated acute leukemia and nasopharyngeal and cervical masses. His blasts had the morphologic appearance of myeloblasts (FAB M1) and were positive solely for the myeloid antigen CD15. He entered a complete remission (CR) with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia therapy. At first relapse he had evidence of mixed-lineage leukemia with B-cell lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes. He again relapsed from a second CR with Burkitt-cell leukemia. Cytogenetic findings showed a consistent 14q+, 17p+ abnormality in the blasts and nasopharyngeal mass. The t(8;14) associated with Burkitt's lymphoma was found in the mass tissue only following passage in the nude mouse. Our patient demonstrates that limitations still exist in our ability to classify acute leukemia. That leukemic transformation occurred in a multipotential progenitor cell leading to undifferentiated leukemia at diagnosis and/or that chemotherapy can influence the genetic programs of leukemic cells leading to the evidence of mixed-lineage leukemia and lineage switching is supported.
 ...
PMID:Undifferentiated acute leukemia and lineage infidelity (difficulties in classification and management). 229 88

A study of surface markers and in vitro growth in semi-solid and liquid medium was performed in 35 patients with newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Surface markers were studied by CD34, CD13, CD14, CD15, and CD33 monoclonal antibodies. There was no strict correlation with the FAB typing, but CD34 was expressed only in refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) or RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t). CD14 was markedly positive in the 4 cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Colony-forming cells were assessed by culture in semi-solid medium in the presence of HTB9 as growth factor. Four growth patterns were identified: a) normal growth (6 cases); b) no growth or low plating efficiency (10 cases); c) low colony and high cluster number (15 cases); and d) normal or high colony number with high number of clusters (4 cases). Expression of CD34 was associated with low colony and high cluster number. Finally we studied the proliferation and differentiation capacities in liquid culture without stimulating factor. Fifteen patients had a spontaneous proliferation. This was not correlated with any surface marker. Differentiation assessed by the loss of CD34 and/or the increase of CD15 by more than 20% at day 7 was observed in 21 cases. None of the surface markers or growth patterns was associated with a specific chromosomal abnormality, except the lack of growth in liquid culture observed in all 5q deletion cases. In univariate analysis, RAEB and RAEB-t FAB subtypes, percentage of blasts higher than 5%, staining by CD33 and CD34, and lack of differentiation in liquid culture were significantly associated with progression to leukemia and shorter survival. In multivariate analysis, only CD34 expression (P = .002) and percentage of blasts (P = .05) remained independent significant variables. CD34 was the only significant variable for prediction of survival (P = .05). It is concluded that surface marker analysis at diagnosis and after liquid culture may be a useful tool for the initial evaluation of MDS.
 ...
PMID:Myelodysplastic syndromes: a study of surface markers and in vitro growth patterns. 232 1

Neutrophil maturation was studied in normal human bone marrow aspirates using multidimensional flow cytometry in comparison with morphology. The combination of the monoclonal antibodies, CD11b, CD15, and CD16, in addition to the forward and orthogonal light scattering signals permitted the isolation of neutrophilic cells from cells of other cell lineages with a purity of greater than 99%. An unexpectedly close relationship was found between the identification of neutrophil maturation by flow cytometry and morphological classification of cells sorted based on cell surface antigen expression and light scattering properties. The neutrophils could be divided into six distinct maturational stages, i.e., stage N I contained predominantly myeloblasts; stage N II, predominantly promyelocytes; stage N III, predominantly early myelocytes; stage N IV, predominantly myelocytes and metamyelocytes; stage N V, predominantly metamyelocytes and bands; and stage VI, predominantly segmented neutrophils. These data suggest that the morphologic changes during neutrophil maturation can be identified by flow cytometry using simultaneous quantitative assessment of multiple antigens in concordance with the light scattering properties of the human bone marrow cells.
Leukemia 1990 Sep
PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow. III. Neutrophil maturation. 239 85

Nine cases of acute leukemia presenting unusual phenotype were studied by light microscopy (LM) cytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) immunocytochemistry with the immunogold staining (IGS) method; in addition, cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed. The presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was studied at TEM in combination with immunophenotype to identify minor populations not characterizable at LM. Four of nine cases had no TEM/MPO reactivity, whereas the remaining five showed variable percentages of positive cells. Of the MPO negative cases, one was a megakaryoblastic leukemia with a positive platelet peroxidase (PPO) reaction, and three were lymphoid. Among the peroxidase positive cases, the percentage of MPO reactive cells was higher at TEM than at LM examination. In case 5 TEM analysis indicated that cells with some MPO reactivity at LM were non neoplastic myeloid cells. With this combined technique in cases 1 and 2 we excluded the presence of the MPO enzyme in CD15 positive lymphoid cells and, in another case, we documented the existence of CD19/MPO positive cells. The value of cytochemistry and immunology at the ultrastructural level for the characterization of blast cells and for the precise diagnosis of leukemia with "unusual" phenotype is illustrated.
 ...
PMID:Relevance of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in the characterization of unclassifiable leukemias: correlation with phenotypic and genic studies. 254 74

HL-60 is a multipotential human leukemia cell line widely used as an in vitro model to investigate myeloid differentiation. A variety of compounds can reproducibly induce these cells to differentiate towards specific lineages. However, under what appear to be similar experimental conditions, various laboratories have reported either neutrophilic differentiation or monocytic differentiation after butyric acid induction. We investigated different hypotheses to explain these dissimilar findings. First, the potential role of variable 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) concentrations in commercial fetal calf serum was assessed. Second, possible differences between laboratories inherent to the HL-60 cells themselves were explored. Lineage was assessed by morphology, histochemistry (nonspecific esterase), and neutrophil-specific (CD15) and monocyte-specific (MO2) surface antigens. We found that increasing concentrations of VD3 spanning the range reported in commercial fetal calf serum (25 to 155 pg/ml) act in synergy with butyric acid to result in higher monocyte/neutrophil ratios at the higher VD3 concentrations. Different lots of serum led to monocyte/neutrophil ratios in proportion to their VD3 concentrations. Starting with HL-60 cells obtained from different laboratories, several single-cell clones were derived which yielded either high percentages of monocytes, high percentages of neutrophils, or intermediate mixes of both cell types after induction with butyric acid. We conclude that the wide variation of VD3 concentration found in different lots of commercial fetal calf serum and intrinsic differences in HL-60 cells are two identifiable factors that can explain the discrepancies in lineage observed by different investigators after butyric acid induction of HL-60 cells.
 ...
PMID:Factors responsible for variable reported lineages of HL-60 cells induced to mature with butyric acid. 256 5

A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with chlorambucil, followed by the development of an acute monoblastic leukemia, is described. Cytofluorometric quantitative immunophenotype was determined during the blastic phase. Whereas small lymphocytes displayed a CD19+; CD24+; CD37+; CD5+ phenotype, the blastic population exhibited, besides CD13, CD14 and CD15 positivity, which is usually noted in such a monoblastic leukemia, definite CD9, CD10, CD22, CD24, CD37, CD5 and CD4 staining. Such results argue against a complete independence between the two clones, although their similarity could not be demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:Acute monocytic leukemia with B cell markers expression following B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 258 3

A series of monoclonal antibodies was obtained by hybridoma technology after immunization with granulocytes from healthy donors or K 562 immature erythroid-myeloid leukemia cells. Three different types of reactivities with examined hematopoietic-, nonhematopoietic cells and cell lines were observed by microscopic immunofluorescence, immunocytofluorometry and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), as follows: (i) broad, non-lineage type of two monoclonal antibodies (Bra10G and Bra7F1) with examined hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic human neoplastic cell lines, (ii) non-lineage type of reactivity restricted to hematopoietic cell lines, and (iii) restricted (myelomonocytic) pattern of binding to myeloid cell lines and healthy donors' granulocytes (monoclonal antibodies Bra4F1, BraC8 and Bra1F2). Monoclonal antibodies Bra10G and BraC6 were shown to immunoprecipitate specifically a heterodimeric two-chain cell surface protein p200,95 from cell lysates of lactoperoxidase radioiodinated U 937 cells with recognized epitope localized on the heavy chain (as shown by immunoblotting experiments). Antibodies with restricted myelomonocytic type of reactivity exhibited minor quantitative differences in their microscopic immunofluorescence and immunocytofluorometric patterns of reactivities with examined myeloid leukemia cell lines (K 562, HL 60, U 937) and healthy donors' granulocytes. The monoclonal antibody Bra4F1 was defined by the 4th International Workshop on Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens as CD15 (with typical selective reactivity towards myelomonocytic leukemia cells and cell lines as well as healthy donors' granulocytes) recognizing the X-hapten carbohydrate antigenic determinant.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies (series Bra-) of broad (non-lineage) or restricted (myelomonocytic) reactivities elicited with granulocytes or K 562 cells. 261 68

The authors performed membrane antigen phenotyping on 75 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with a panel of myeloid-associated monoclonal antibodies. The 34 patients (45%) with CD34-positive leukemia were not significantly different from the 41 with CD34-negative leukemia with respect to age, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, or platelet count at presentation, but their blasts were more likely to lack the CD15 or CD33 antigens and to have FAB M1 or M2 morphologic characteristics. CD34-positive leukemia was more likely to arise after chemotherapy. Patients with CD34-positive leukemia were less likely to enter a complete remission even when analysis was limited to those patients receiving a high-dose induction-type chemotherapy regimen. Giemsa-banding karyotyping studies were obtained in 55 of the cases. In 30 of these cases (56%) clonal karyotypic abnormalities were demonstrated. Although the karyotypic abnormalities and phenotypes were varied, there was a high degree of association between the karyotypic abnormalities monosomy 7/del (7q) and the CD34-positive phenotype; this antigen was expressed on blasts from eight of the nine patients displaying this abnormality. Monoclonal antibody phenotyping of myeloid leukemia with reagents such as anti-CD34 may help to define biologically interesting subsets of ANLL with distinct clinicopathologic expression.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopathologic and cytogenic features of CD34 (My 10)-positive acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 264 3

The clinical significance of surface markers was investigated in 145 cases of acute myeloid (AML) or undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL), using a panel of six monoclonal antibodies directed to NHL-30.5 antigen (expressed on poorly differentiated myeloid cells), CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34 antigens. Expression of CD14 was correlated with higher leucocyte count, higher serum lactate dehydrogenase level and presentation with extramedullary disease. There was no strict correlation with the French-American-British classification. However, the expression of CD14 was associated with monocytic subtypes. CD15 was mainly expressed in M2 and M3 subtypes, and NHL-30.5 and CD34 antigens in AUL and M1 leukaemias. All patients were treated with the same intensive induction treatment. Staining by three antibodies had a prognostic value. The complete remission (CR) rates were 38% (26/68) in NHL-30.5-positive versus 75% (62/77) in NHL-30.5-negative cases (P less than 10(-5), 50% (37/74) in CD34-positive versus 72% (51/71) in CD34-negative cases (P = 0.007) and 70% (77/110) in CD15-positive versus 31% (11/35) in CD15-negative cases (P less than 10(-4). Expression of NHL-30.5 and CD34 antigen was associated with shorter survival (P less than 10(-3) and P less than 10(-2) respectively), whereas survival was longer in CD15-positive cases (P less than 10(-3). In multivariate analysis, expression of NHL-30.5 antigen, absence of CD15, and high LDH level were associated with poor survival. CR duration was not influenced by any of the factors studied, including antigen expression. These results suggest that leukaemias with less differentiated phenotype have a lower response rate to induction treatment.
 ...
PMID:Surface marker expression in adult acute myeloid leukaemia: correlations with initial characteristics, morphology and response to therapy. 275 62


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>