Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been prepared recently that recognize the three cell-surface receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig), termed Fc gamma RI (MoAb 32.2), Fc gamma R II (MoAb IV-3), and Fc gamma R III (MoAb 3G8) that are expressed on selected subsets of non-T lymphocyte peripheral blood leukocytes. In the blood, Fc gamma R I is expressed exclusively on monocytes and macrophages, Fc gamma R II on granulocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, platelets, and B cells, and Fc gamma R III on granulocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. We have examined the expression of these molecules on normal bone marrow (BM) cells and on leukemia cells from the blood and/or BM in order to determine their normal ontogeny as well as their distribution on leukemic cells. BM was obtained from six normal volunteers and from 170 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia. Normal BM cells were found to express Fc gamma R I, II, and III with the following percentages: 40%, 58%, and 56%, respectively. Cell sorting revealed that both Fc gamma R I and Fc gamma R II were detectable on all subclasses of myeloid precursors as early as myeloblasts. Cell sorting experiments revealed that 66% of the granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) and 50% of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) were Fc gamma R II positive with only 20% and 28%, respectively, of CFU-GM and BFU-E were Fc gamma R I positive. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells expressed the three receptors with the following frequency (n = 146): Fc gamma R I, 58%; Fc gamma R II, 67%; and Fc gamma R III, 26% of patients. Despite the fact that Fc gamma R I is only expressed on monocytes among blood cells, AML cells without monocytoid differentiation (French-American-British [FAB]M1, M2, M3, M6) were sometimes positive for this receptor. However, Fc gamma R I was highly correlated with FAB M4 and M5 morphology (P less than .001). Fc gamma R II was also correlated with FAB M4 and M5 morphology (P = .003). Cells from 11 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were negative for Fc gamma R I, but six cases were positive for Fc gamma R II and III (not the same patients). These studies demonstrate that Ig Fc gamma R are acquired during normal differentiation in the BM at or before the level of colony-forming units. In addition, we show that acute leukemia cells commonly express Fc gamma R.
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PMID:Expression of the three myeloid cell-associated immunoglobulin G Fc receptors defined by murine monoclonal antibodies on normal bone marrow and acute leukemia cells. 246 4

Four mastocytoma cell lines were isolated from four different mouse mastocytoma tumors. The tumors had been induced in mice treated with tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) and infected with Abelson murine leukemia virus. The cell lines have been carried in culture for over a year and can induce tumors when injected into the mouse strain in which the tumor originated. The cells contain histamine, have high affinity IgE receptors and release histamine by IgE, immune complex or ionophore A23187-induced reactions. This histamine release reaction requires Ca2+, is optimal at 37 degrees C, and is blocked by a number of metabolic inhibitors. There is no requirement for phosphatidylserine. Cloned sublines have been obtained which will be useful for Fc epsilon R, Fc gamma R; and histamine release studies.
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PMID:Establishment of four mouse mastocytoma cell lines. 257 26

IL-4 influences the cellular composition of stromal cell dependent long term cultures. In bone marrow-derived long term lymphoid cultures initiated in presence of IL-4, the majority of cells exhibited a more immature phenotype than is usually seen in lymphoid cells grown in Whitlock-Witte type cultures. This immature cell population, lacking the B220 Ag, was purified by cell sorting. When transferred to mixed stromal layers used in conventional lymphoid long term cultures, these cells differentiated into B lineage cells that could be identified by expression of the B220 Ag and surface IgM. Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed cell lines resulting from this immature cell population express a DJH rearrangement and contained RNA that hybridized with a VJ558 probe, suggesting transcription of germ-line V genes. A culture modification allowed selective proliferation of a non-transformed cell population with characteristics of very immature B lineage cells. The proliferation of these cells was supported by a homogeneous stromal cell line that was propagated with horse serum in presence of IL-4. The lymphoid cells proliferating under those culture conditions expressed the Ag detected by the BP-1 and 6C3 mAb and were Fc gamma RII and Ia-positive. However, more mature B cell markers were lacking. DNA analysis of these cell lines revealed JH rearrangement without evidence for deletion of any member of the DSP-2 family. These cell lines retained their immature phenotype after transfer to mixed stromal layers of Whitlock-Witte type. The mechanisms providing these unique culture conditions initiated by IL-4 in bone marrow stromal cells are discussed.
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PMID:Preferential proliferation of immature B lineage cells in long-term stromal cell-dependent cultures with IL-4. 278 47

Two monoclonal antibodies, MRK16 and MRK20 that recognize P-glycoprotein and P-85 kd protein on the surface of adriamycin (ADM) resistant cells, respectively, were tested for the reactivity with 40 cultured leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. F(ab')2 form is essential to avoid false reaction through Fc gamma-R. Drug sensitivity of 19 representative cell lines were also examined in vitro. From this study, it was found that these cell lines were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 (4 cell lines) was insensitive to ADM, mitoxantron (MXT), etoposide (VP-16) and vincristine (VCR), and reactive to MRK16 and MRL20. Group II (1 cell line) was insensitive to the 4 drugs, but not reactive to both antibodies. Group III (3 cell lines) was insensitive to ADM, MXT and VP-16, but sensitive to VCR, and reactive to MRK20, but not to MRK16. Group IV (all other cell lines) was sensitive to these drugs, and not reactive to both antibodies. From these results, MRK16 detects P-glycoprotein-associated multidrug resistance (MDR), while MRK20 does P 85-kd-associated another type MDR (cross resistance to ADM, MXT and VP-16, but not to VCR). MRK20 reacted with monocytes, but MRK16 did not with any WBC type. One hundred and ninety eight clinical samples obtained from blood cancer were tested for the reactivity with MRK16. MRK16 did not react with any of 98 samples obtained before treatment, but did with 9 of 100 obtained at relapse or refractory stage after chemotherapy. The results indicate that MRK16 is useful to detect drug resistance phenotype of leukemia and lymphoma.
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PMID:[Detection of multidrug resistant phenotype in leukemia and lymphoma by monoclonal antibodies]. 290 32

Rat mast cells and a neoplastic analogue such as rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells have receptors that have exceptionally high affinity for immunoglobulin E (IgE). When aggregated, these receptors induce cellular degranulation. The alpha chain of the receptor contains the binding site for IgE; the function(s) of the noncovalently associated beta and gamma chains is (are) still undefined. Using a cDNA library constructed from the mRNA of RBL cells, we have isolated a cDNA clone whose sequence predicts a putative 23-residue signal peptide, followed by a sequence that accurately predicts the amino acid composition, the peptide molecular weight, and six peptide sequences (encompassing 59 residues or 26% of the total number) determined for the alpha chain by direct analysis. These findings provide strong evidence that the cDNA codes for the alpha chain, even though expression has not been unambiguously achieved. The sequence suggests that the alpha chain contains a 180-residue extracellular portion with two homologous domains of approximately 35 residues, a 20-residue transmembrane segment containing an aspartic acid, and a 27-residue cytoplasmic portion containing 9 basic amino acids. The sequence shows no homology with the low-affinity receptor for IgE from lymphocytes but over 30% homology with an Fc gamma receptor.
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PMID:A cDNA presumptively coding for the alpha subunit of the receptor with high affinity for immunoglobulin E. 295 18

The regulation of IgG Fc receptor (Fc gamma R) expression by retinoic acid (RA) in human myelomonocytic cells at different stages of maturation was studied. RA suppressed IgG-coated erythrocyte (EA) rosette formation of myelomonocytic cells blocked at relatively late stages of differentiation such as ML-1, U-937, THP-1-T, normal monocytes, and fresh cells of patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. However, RA increased the percentage of EA rosetting promyelocytes of HL-60 and of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and a part of myeloblasts isolated from acute myelogenous leukemia patients. Other myeloblasts including KG-1a, KG-1, and fresh cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were not affected. A kinetic study using HL-60 and THP-1-T demonstrated that an increase required at least a 48-h exposure and that the maximum decrease required approximately 6 h. The RA effect on both cell lines was dose-dependent. The number of Fc gamma R of HL-60 and THP-1-T treated with RA became very close, although untreated THP-1 had almost 10 times as many as HL-60. Kd for IgG in both THP-1-T and HL-60, either untreated or treated with RA, remained unchanged. These observations indicate that one of the important roles of RA is regulation of Fc gamma R expression in myeloid cells.
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PMID:Retinoic acid regulates IgG Fc receptor expression in human myelomonocytic leukemia cells and normal peripheral monocytes. 297 58

The morphology, immunophenotype, cytoenzymatic and functional activities of T lymphocytes from 4 patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disease of T-cell origin were studied. Clonal proliferation was demonstrated by distinctive chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 2 and 14. Patients 1 and 2 were classifiable as OKT4+ T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) and patient 3 as OKT4+/OKT8+ T-CLL, with helper function in vitro only in patient 1. Patient 4 has low-grade lymphocytosis with benign clinical course, with cells showing morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and immunophenotype HNK-1+, ER+, Fc gamma receptor+, OKT3+, OKT11+ and OKT8+, as well as natural killer activity, radiosensitive suppressor activity on Ig secretion and responsiveness to PHA; this case was interpreted as LGL leukaemia. This study indicates that a large proportion of cases of true T-CLL may belong to the OKT4 subset, and that extensive investigations should be made of the lymphocytic OKT8+/T gamma forms to characterize them precisely.
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PMID:Functional and multimarker analysis of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 315 72

A myeloid leukemia cell line (TK-1) was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with lymphoblastic lymphoma whose leukemia cells were composed of T-lymphoblasts and immature myeloid cells. The established TK-1 cell line consisted of immature myeloid cells with heavy azurophilic granulation in the cytoplasm. The TK-1 cells were positive for peroxidase, and exhibited a strong positive reaction for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. The cells were weakly positive for Fc gamma-receptors, showed no phagocytosis and did not reduce NBT. With the treatment of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, they exhibited morphological and functional differentiation. The TK-1 cell line contained normal diploid cells and pseudodiploid cells, and the two populations were successfully cloned; the clone with a normal karyotype was designated the TK-1D cell line, and the clone with a pseudodiploid karyotype, which had a translocation involving chromosomes 14, 17 and one other chromosome, was designated the TK-1B cell line. These cloned cells lacked Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens and had almost the same myelomonocytic characteristics as the parent TK-1 cells. The breakpoint of chromosome 17 involved in the translocation of the pseudodiploid cells was identified to be a band 17q23.
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PMID:Establishment of a new myeloid leukemia cell line (TK-1), and isolation of cells having a translocation involving a band 17q23. 345 71

The YK-M2 cell line was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute monoblastic leukemia in whom an anterior mediastinal tumor preceded the peripheral blood manifestation. The established cells grew in a single cell suspension with a doubling time of 60 h and consisted of primitive monoblastic cells. The cells were 52% positive for peroxidase staining and manifested strongly positive activity of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, which was completely inhibited by sodium fluoride. The cells showed strong expression of Fc gamma receptors and phagocytosed sensitized ox erythrocytes. When the cells were incubated with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, they were induced to differentiate into mature monocyte-macrophage-like cells, which reduced the nitroblue tetrazolium dye and released a small amount of the superoxide anion. Cytogenetic studies revealed that the cells had a near-triploid karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 68, and the short arm of one No. 17 chromosome was deleted [del(17)(p11)]. The YK-M2 cell line is particularly unique in that the cells retained the polyploid karyotype that may be an initial cytogenetic change in the malignant transformation of the parent leukemia cells.
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PMID:Establishment of a novel acute monoblastic leukemia cell line (YK-M2) having a near-triploid karyotype. 346 38

Two human hematopoietic cell lines (TYS and TYH) with monocytic characteristics were derived from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and of another with a follicular large-cell type of malignant lymphoma. The TYS cells, derived from the leukemia patient, revealed a monocytic appearance with microvilli at one side and had many granules and vacuoles. They showed strongly positive reactions with alpha-NBE, NASDAE, and AcP, and were reactive with monoclonal antibodies such as OKlal, 12 and Bl. The TYS cells, which phagocytized carbon particles and antibody-coated SRBC but not latex particles, released lysosomal enzymes and tumoricidal factor into the supernatant. The TYH cells, derived from the malignant lymphoma patient, had abundant cytoplasm and pseudopods detectable by electron microscopy with a monocytoid appearance and virus-like particles in the cytoplasm. They showed strongly positive reactions with alpha-NBE, NASDAE and beta-Gase, but no reactivity with monoclonal antibodies or with surface markers except Fc gamma-R. TYH cells phagocytized latex particles very well. Two different human monocyte-histiocyte lineages were thus established. During culture, the TYS and TYH cells maintained their characteristics over 28 and 16 months of passage, respectively.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of human myelomonocytic (TYS) and histiocytic (TYH) cell lines. 392 3


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