Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After mezerein treatment of suspension cultures of the acute monocytic human leukemia cell line THP-1, cells became adherent to plastic culture surfaces, lost division potential, acquired Fc receptors, displayed phagocytic activity, and expressed increased nonspecific esterase staining. Serum-free RPMI 1640 medium conditioned by adherent THP-1 cells was examined for the presence of biological response modifiers. Preparative isoelectrofocusing of concentrated medium in the presence of various pH gradients of Ampholine ampholytes resulted in the separation of the following activities: fibroblast growth-stimulating activities in pH ranges of 4.10-4.55 and 5.30-5.45; colony-stimulating factor (CSF) for mouse bone marrow cells at pH 4.10-4.55; and a malignant cell growth inhibitor comigrating with a lymphocyte-activating factor (interleukin-1) at pH 6.70-6.95. Both CSF and the fibroblast growth stimulator isofocused at pH 4.10-4.55 coeluted following molecular-sieve chromatography through P-100. CSF-induced colonies were composed of nongranulocytic mononuclear cells. Chromatography through an ACA-54 column separated interleukin-1 from most of the growth-inhibitory activity.
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PMID:Biological response modifiers released by a mezerein-treated human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1. 241 79

Three murine monoclonal antibodies, named 2H9, 1E9 and 1A2, were produced after immunization of BALB/c mice with cells of the SU-DHL-1 cell line from a true histiocytic lymphoma. In frozen sections from various lymphomas, 2H9 and 1A2 selectively stained the cell membranes of neoplastic cells in true histiocytic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Antibody 1E9 stained the nuclear membranes of the tumor cells in true histiocytic lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis. No staining was seen in 56 cases of B and T cell lymphoma. Several tissue culture cell lines, including T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and pre-B cell lines, were not stained. With 2H9, however, a positive reaction was noted for two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive African Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines (Daudi and P3HRI), one human T cell lymphoma/leukemia-virus-positive cell line (HUT 102), and one EBV-transformed normal B lymphoblastoid cell line (RPMI 8057). In normal lymphoid tissues, 2H9 and 1E9 reacted with the nuclear membranes of histiocytes and interdigitating reticulum cells, whereas 1A2 stained only rare cells of an unknown type. All three antibodies failed to react with B or T cells in frozen tissue sections of normal lymphoid tissues. The use of these three antibodies should facilitate the diagnosis of histiocyte and interdigitating reticulum (IR) cell-related neoplasms, namely, true histiocytic lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, and Hodgkin's disease. True histiocytic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease exhibit similar reactivities with these three and with two other monoclonal antibodies (HeFi-1 and Tac), suggesting that these two types of lymphoma are related. In contrast, malignant histiocytosis was negative for 2H9, 1A2, Tac, and HeFi-1. The difference in the phenotypic expression of true histiocytic lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis indicates that they are two different disease entities.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against SU-DHL-1 cells stain the neoplastic cells in true histiocytic lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, and Hodgkin's disease. 242 24

Murine monoclonal antibody T101 has been coupled to thinly polymer-coated heavy alloy particles (LaMn2Ge2). These conjugates are coupled to cultured cells of the human T-cell leukemia line RPMI 8402 (T8402). The sedimentation velocities of cells, of particles, and of cells with particles attached are measured. After determining the mean radii of cells, of particles, and of cells with particles attached, one may compute a mean number of 33 particles attached to a cell. Independently one may compute a mean number of 144 particles/cell for surface saturation. The Appendix handles the underlying theory in three parts: number of particles/cell, saturation number of particles/cell, and resolution for gravity activation. Regarding the latter, cell radii from 4 to 10 microns and particle radii from 0.01 to 1 micron are considered.
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PMID:Cell sedimentation with gravity activation. 246 27

A small number of human myelomas have been established as long term cultured cell lines. We report the characteristics of two new cell lines, designated SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2, derived from 73 attempts to culture myeloma specimens. Both cell lines were grown from myeloma patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, kappa light chain proteinuria, and plasma cell leukemia. SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2 had a plasmacytoid morphology, grew in RPMI complete medium with doubling times of 32 and 60 hr, respectively, and did not express Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen. Both cell lines secreted kappa light chains (0.9 and 1.1 micrograms/10(6) cells/ml per 48 hr for SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2, respectively) but no heavy chains. SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2 expressed the pan-B cell marker B1 and the late B cell/plasma cell marker BL3. In addition, SK-MM-2 expressed late B cell/plasma cell markers OKT10 and PCA-1. Neither cell line expressed T lymphocyte, myeloid, or early B lymphocyte markers. The presence of distinctive kappa and heavy chain gene rearrangements supported the clonal origin of both cell lines from kappa light chain-producing B cells. The two cell lines were markedly aneuploid and both carried a 14q+ marker chromosome. Human myeloma cell lines lacking heavy chain secretion may be useful to elucidate mechanisms of immunoglobulin gene regulation and to construct human-human hybridomas.
Leukemia 1989 Oct
PMID:Establishment and characterization of two human myeloma cell lines secreting kappa light chains. 250 99

We analyzed the rearrangement of TcR delta chain gene in 179 cases of hematological malignancies. In 17 T-cell lines, RPMI 8402, DND41, Peer, and Molt 13 had delta rearranged band (s). Except for RPMI 8402, these cell lines expressed functional delta gene. All of those gamma delta-T-cell lines had short message (1 kb) of TcR beta gene. These findings suggest differences between alpha beta-T-cells and gamma delta-T-cells. All 9 cases of T-ALL/LBL, of which 4 had neither gamma nor beta gene rearrangement, had a new rearranged band of TcR delta locus. This rearrangement was observed in 63% of B-lineage ALL/LBL. In the other T-lymphoproliferative disorders, only 2 cases of AILD and 1 of T-cell lymphoma had the rearranged band (s), showing derived T-cell neoplasm from gamma delta-T-cell as minority. In B-leukemia/lymphoma and myelocytic leukemia, 15% of the cases had the delta rearrangement. Heterogenous findings of TcR delta locus analysis were observed in ATLL without proviral HTLV-I DNA, T-cell lymphoma, AILD and HD. The J delta 1 region was frequently used and the J delta 2 region was rearranged in one AILD. It is suspected that J delta 3 was used in one T-ALL/LBL. There was no correlation between the phenotypic pattern of CD3, CD4, and CD8 in T cell disorders and the rearrangement of the TcR delta gene. These findings suggest that the newly identified TcR delta chain gene rearranges at a very early stage of T cell ontogeny; prior to the other TcR genes and perhaps at almost the same differentiation level as that of CD7 expression. The TcR delta gene is useful in evaluating clonality for the most immature T cell neoplasms not showing rearrangement of the other TcR genes. This gene is not lineage specific, however, when used in conjunction with IgHC gene, it may be a useful tool for the study of ALL/LBL.
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PMID:Analysis of T-cell receptor delta chain gene in hematological malignancies. 253 58

We examined platelet aggregating activity (PAA) of 5 human leukemia cell lines (HL-60, ML-1, HPB-ALL, RPMI-1788, K562), human mature lymphocytes and 2 human neuroblastoma lines (NCG, GOTO). Although intact cell suspensions of all leukemia cells and mature lymphocytes did not induce platelet aggregation, all cells exhibited PAA in both heparinized and citrated platelet rich plasma (PRP) following neuraminidase treatment (2 units/ml). In contrast, NCG and GOTO cells with PAA in intact cell suspensions were not affected by neuraminidase. PAA of HL-60 cells pre-cultured in the presence of tunicamycin (0.1-1.0 microgram/ml) to inhibit glycosylation decreased after neuraminidase treatment. Neuraminidase treatment had no effect on procoagulant activity of any of the cells examined. There was no difference in total sialic acid contents between human leukemia and neuroblastoma cells. These results suggest the cell surface glycoconjugates on hematopoietic cells play a role in PAA, and that sialic acid prevents their interaction with platelets.
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PMID:Human leukemia cells and mature lymphocytes induce platelet aggregation after removal of cell surface sialic acid. 261 51

We studied the in vivo antitumor effects of natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (nHuTNF-alpha) and natural human interferon-alpha (nHuIFN-alpha), both of which were produced by HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan)-stimulated acute lymphatic B cell leukemia line, BALL-1 cells. To clarify the interaction between nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha, we used novel experimental models of lung metastasis and intraabdominal carcinomatosis which we developed in nude mice using a human tumor line, RPMI 4788. While the intravenous administration of nHuTNF-alpha or nHuIFN-alpha alone inhibited lung metastasis, the two cytokines given in combination synergistically inhibited lung metastasis. In a comparative study, nHuTNF-alpha and recombinant human interferon-gamma (rHuIFN-gamma) in combination also synergistically inhibited lung metastasis. Treatment with nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha combined significantly prolonged the survival of nude mice with intraabdominal carcinomatosis. Complete regression of five different human tumor xenografts was achieved by the simultaneous intratumoral injection of nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha. Histological examination revealed that tumor cell lysis occurred 24 h after the intratumoral administration of the cytokines. No significant signs of toxicity to nude mice were observed at any dose tested. The synergism of nHuTNF-alpha and nHuIFN-alpha may allow treatment at a relatively low dose range, thus minimizing side effects. The wide range of anticancer activity of these agents may provide better therapeutic efficacy. The in vivo assay systems which we have developed are useful for the analysis of the biological activities and interactions of cytokines and chemotherapeutic drugs.
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PMID:Antitumor effect of natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and natural human interferon-alpha in combination against human cancer transplanted into nude mice. 280 Nov 85

The nuclear enzyme, topoisomerase II, is the major site of action for cancer chemotherapy agents such as etoposide, teniposide, and a variety of intercalating agents. These compounds cause the enzyme to cleave DNA, forming a DNA-protein complex that may be a key step leading to cell death. It is apparently unique as a chemotherapy target, since drug potency diminishes with decreasing enzyme activity. It was thus of interest to examine the topoisomerase content and drug-induced DNA cleavage in freshly obtained human leukemia cells and to compare the obtained data with the results of similar studies performed in well-characterized human leukemia cell lines. The human T-lymphoblast line, CCRF-CEM, was more than 100-fold more sensitive to the DNA-cleavage effect of etoposide than the cells of the 13 leukemic patients examined. One of the leukemia lines (HL-60) and a lymphoblastoid line (RPMI-7666) were somewhat less sensitive than cells of the CCRF-CEM cells, but were still 10-fold more sensitive than the patients studied. The relative insensitivity of the freshly obtained cells could not be accounted for by differences with respect to drug uptake but were associated with markedly reduced topoisomerase-II content as assayed by immunoblotting using a mouse polyclonal serum against topoisomerase II. Heterogeneity was observed in the sensitivities of patients' cells with respect to both drug-induced DNA cleavage and enzyme content. The observed differences between cultured cell lines and patients' cells may have been related to their proliferative status. Etoposide potency in normal resting lymphocytes resembles that observed in circulating leukemia cells. However, following mitogenesis with phytohemagglutinin and interleukin-2, proliferating lymphocytes become as sensitive to etoposide as cultured cell lines with regard to DNA cleavage. This effect was accompanied by an increase in topoisomerase-II content. Our data thus support the hypothesis that topoisomerase-II content may be an important determinant of cell sensitivity to certain classes of chemotherapy agents. Efforts to stimulate topoisomerase-II content may improve the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs.
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PMID:Etoposide-induced DNA cleavage in human leukemia cells. 282 74

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a specific enzyme for cells of T-lymphocytic lineage. It has been attempted to induce DPP IV activity in DPP IV negative T-lymphoid leukaemias by 12-o-tetradecanoylphrobol-13-acetate (TPA). Isolated cells from peripheral blood of 6 healthy blood donors and 22 patients with various types of leukaemia were cultivated in RPMI-1640 medium with 20% fetal calf serum alone (control) or supplemented with 20% human placenta conditioned medium (HPCM) or with 16 nmol/l TPA for 3 days. The percentage of DPP IV positive lymphocytes from blood donors remained unchanged in control and HPCM cultures, but decreased significantly in TPA cultures. Leukemic cells from three DPP IV positive cases of acute T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) reacted to the TPA treatment in a similar manner. Leukaemic cells of two DPP IV negative T-ALL cases remained negative in all three types of cultures, thus no induction of DPP IV activity was found. Other normal blood cells as well as leukaemic cells of 7 null-ALL, 1 preB-ALL, 3 B-CLL and 6 AML patients were DPP IV negative before and after cultivation in all types of culture. These findings showed that DPP IV is specifically expressed in cells of T-lymphocytic lineage even after short-term cultivation. HPCM was found to have no effect on DPP IV activity in T-lymphoid cells.
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PMID:Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in cells of T-lymphoid origin is decreased in cultures with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). 289 91

The Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infected cell line MT-2 was studied to obtain HTLV-I or related proteins for the purpose of producing an effective vaccine for HTLV-I infection. The cells were characterized as to HTLV-I antigen expression during the cell cycle and antigens released into the culture fluids. MT-2 cell grown in fetal calf supplemented media produced more HTLV-I related antigens during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. To determine the conditions for maximal release and harvest of HTLV-I associated proteins, the MT-2 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with serum-free medium. Cell- and virus-free supernatants were collected on day 4, lyophilized, and concentrated 50-fold. The proteins in these supernatants were characterized using SDS-PAGE and western blot using rabbit anti-HTLV-I sera and human adult T-cell leukemia sera. The western-blot analysis indicated that the supernatants obtained from the MT-2 cells grown in serum-free supplemented medium contained detectable amounts of proteins which reacted with human ATL and rabbit anti-HTLV-I sera. The molecular weights of these proteins observed are 68kd, 46kd, 28kd, 24kd, 19kd, and 15kd indicating that gag, env, and pX gene products are present.
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PMID:Expression, release, and characterization of soluble human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) antigens from an infected cell line. 318 Jan 35


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