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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The L2C lymphocytic leukaemia in strain-2 guinea pigs is accompanied by a protein in the urine resembling a homogenous immunoglobulin light chain. 2. The amino acid sequence over the first 20 residues demonstrates a close analogy with a human gamma chain of V region subgroup IV. 3. The protein is apparently synthesized by the leukaemic cells and thus represents a monoclonal light chain, i.e. a Bence-Jones protein.
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PMID:A gamma Bence-Jones protein in guinea pigs. 81 96

An increasing number of acute leukemias coexpressed markers normally believed to be restricted to a single lineage have been found recently. This special subgroup of leukemias have drawn a lot of attention because of their biologic and clinical significance. In a study of 100 consecutive de novo ANLL patients diagnosed by FAB criteria, T-cell antigen CD7 was identified on the leukemic blasts of 13 patients, ten of whom had M1 subtype of leukemia, myeloblastic leukemia without maturation. All the patients showed positive staining with myeloperoxidase and expressed myeloid markers CD13 and/or CD33, but lacked CD11b, a marker of more mature myeloid cells. Combined staining with myeloperoxidase and CD7 of the cells from four patients revealed coexpression of both markers on the same cells. None of the patients expressed the two other T-cell antigens CD2 or CD5. All ten patients who had DNA analysis showed germline configuration of TCR beta and gamma chain genes. One patient had chromosomal translocation involving 11q23, t(11; 19) (q23; p13), which is the site frequently associated with both myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. The clinical implications of this subgroup of patients need further study on more patients, and need longer follow-up.
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PMID:A subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with expression of surface antigen CD7--morphologic, cytochemical, immunocytochemical and T cell receptor gene analysis on 13 patients. 169 99

The configuration of the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta, gamma and delta chain genes was analyzed in 16 cases of B-lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (BC-CML) for a better definition of the biological aspects of this cellular population, in comparison with the molecular features of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All cases displayed B-phenotypic features, were Ph'-positive and had a rearranged configuration of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) and of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene region (JH). The TCR beta chain gene was rearranged in four cases (25%), all of which displayed a monoallelic rearrangement involving the J beta 2 region. The TCR gamma chain gene was rearranged in 13 cases (81%); 13 rearranged alleles utilized the J1/2 regions, while the remaining five utilized JP1. The V regions of the group I were mostly involved. The TCR delta chain gene was rearranged or deleted in 15 cases (94%); the 10 rearranged chromosomes displayed exclusively two patterns referable to partial recombinations, a V2-(D)-D3 and a (D)-D3 type. These two configurations are predominant in B-precursor ALL (75% of rearranged chromosomes) and almost absent in T-ALL. Taken together, these results document the close similarities between the genotypic features of B-lymphoid BC-CML and B-precursor ALL, not only in terms of the incidence of rearrangement but more relevantly with regard to the choice of regions involved in the recombinations. This aspect is particularly evident at the TCR delta locus level.
Leukemia 1991 May
PMID:Identical utilization of T-cell receptor gene regions in B-lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 182 53

We studied gene rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain, T cell receptor (TCR) beta, gamma and delta chains in neoplastic T cells from patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Rearrangements of TCR beta and gamma chain genes were observed in most of T cell neoplasms. TCR delta chain gene rearrangements or deletions were detected in all 77 T cell neoplasms; 6 of 9 CD3- T cell neoplasms showed rearrangement, whereas biallelic deletion of TCR delta chain gene was the most common pattern in CD3+ T cell neoplasm (65 of 68 patients). One patient with CD3- T cell leukemia had TCR delta chain gene rearrangement with a germline configuration of TCR beta, gamma and IgH chain genes. TCR gamma and delta chain gene transcripts were detected in most of the CD3- T cell neoplasms, whereas mature TCR alpha and beta chain mRNA were demonstrated in the majority of the CD3+ T cell neoplasms. In 6 patients with CD7+ CD3- CD4- CD8- MPO- leukemia, only 2 patients had rearrangements and weak expressions of IgH, TCR gamma and delta chain genes. We also present two cases of double negative (CD3+ CD4- CD8-) leukemia; one is TCR gamma delta bearing LGL, the other is TCR alpha beta bearing ATL. These results suggest that most of T cell neoplasms preserve a pattern of genotypic and phenotypic expression reflecting their developmental pathways and differentiation levels of TCR bearing normal T cells.
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PMID:[Analyses of T cell receptor and its clinical implications in T cell neoplasms]. 189 Jul 39

A 12-year-old male patient with ataxia telangiectasia developed an acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-cell phenotype. The lymphoblasts showed uniform surface expression of CD3, CD7, CD8, and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta chains, positive immunofluorescent staining of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, complex cytogenetic aberrations including t(14;14) (q11;q32) and unique rearrangements of TCR beta and gamma chain genes, indicating the clonal expansion of leukemic cells. CD25 expression could be readily induced on the leukemic cells by mitogenic stimulation, followed by CD71 expression, but interleukin-2 production and subsequent proliferation in response to mitogens were subnormal.
Leukemia 1991 Jan
PMID:Functional and molecular characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with a mature T-cell phenotype from a patient with ataxia telangiectasia. 199 61

A total of 33 human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines were classified into 4 groups with respect to the pattern of cell membrane (sm) expression of the CD3 and T cell receptor (TCR) molecules; (i) smCD3+TCR alpha beta (16 cell lines), (ii) smCD3+TCR beta delta (1 cell line), (iii) smCD3+TCR gamma delta (3 cell lines) amd (iv) smCD3-TCR- (13 cell lines), respectively. Using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) specific to CD3 (NU-T3), TCR alpha chain (alpha F1), TCR beta chain (beta F1), and TCR gamma chain (C gamma M1), respectively, cytoplasmic (cy) expression of these molecules was determined by immunofluorescence test. Expression of cyCD3 was present in all cell lines regardless of groups. In group (i), all 16 cell lines expressed both TCR alpha and beta chains. While only TCR beta chain was expressed in group (ii), TCR gamma chain was expressed in all 3 cell lines of group (iii). One (PEER) of the three in group (iii) expressed TCR beta chain as well. In group (iv), we found 8 cell lines with cyTCR alpha expression, 11 cell lines with cyTCR beta expression, and 10 cell lines with cyTCR gamma expression, respectively. For TCR genes, except 1 cell line all cell lines were found to present rearranged C beta gene and its mRNA, including all 3 TCR gamma/delta cell lines of group (iii). One of the TCR alpha beta cell lines exhibited rearranged C delta and J delta genes as well as its mRNA. Two cell lines of the 13 CD3-TCR- of group (iv) exhibited rearranged C delta and J delta and its mRNA. An NK-like activity and IL-2 production were induced in the TCR beta delta and gamma delta cell lines [group (ii) and (iii)] by treatment with PHA and PMA.
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PMID:[T cell differentiation model based on the expression of T cell receptor chains and genes--study in the human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines]. 207 29

T cell receptor delta (TCR) genes have been recently identified as rearranging during the early stages of T cell differentiation. We have analyzed the configuration of these genes in 47 unselected acute nonlymphoid leukemias. Morphology, phenotype, immunoglobulin heavy chain, and T cell receptor beta and gamma chain gene configuration were also studied. We have documented TCR delta gene rearrangements or deletions in eight cases using a genomic J delta 1 probe. The comparison of morphological, phenotypical, and molecular findings from these cases with those from control acute myeloid leukemias whose TCR delta genes were in germline configuration show that TCR delta rearrangements occur predominantly in immature leukemia exhibiting extensive lineage infidelity. The most striking feature was the frequent expression of the CD10 antigen. These data show that inappropriate gene rearrangements occur nonrandomly in myeloid leukemias and suggest that common mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of gene rearrangements and in the expression of some differentiation antigens.
Leukemia 1990 Feb
PMID:T cell receptor delta gene rearrangements occur predominantly in immature myeloid leukemias exhibiting lineage promiscuity. 213 46

Previous studies demonstrated that activation of T lymphocytes by phorbol ester or mitogenic lectin leads to phosphorylation of Ser 126 of the CD3 antigen gamma chain, whereas treatment with ionomycin results in phosphorylation of both Ser 123 and 126 [Davies, A. A. et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10918-10921]. In the present study, the dephosphorylation of Ser 123 and Ser 126 of the gamma chain was investigated. Phorbol-ester-induced phosphorylation of the gamma-chain Ser 126 in vivo was reversed following removal of phorbol ester. Dephosphorylation of both Ser 123 and 126 was also observed in vitro using the microsome fraction of T lymphocytes. In order to identify the phosphatases acting at these two sites, the immunoprecipitated gamma chain was used as substrate either following treatment with protein kinase C in vitro, in which case phosphorylation occurs mainly at Ser 123, or following in vivo phosphorylation of Ser 126. Purified oligomeric forms of the polycation-stimulated phosphatases were more effective in dephosphorylating both phosphorylated forms of the gamma chain compared with equivalent amounts of ATP,Mg2+-dependent phosphatases or calcineurin. By using phosphopeptide analogues of the CD3 gamma chain containing Ser 123 or Ser 126 as substrates (A3 and A6), it was shown that polycation-stimulated phosphatases selectively dephosphorylated Ser 123 compared to Ser 126. In order to determine which phosphatases dephosphorylate the gamma chain in microsomes, A3 and A6 were used as substrates for characterising phosphatases in microsomes from human T leukaemia Jurkat 6 cells. Three phosphopeptide phosphatases (250-400 kDa) co-eluted through five purification steps with three forms of polycation-stimulated phosphorylase phosphatase. The partially purified A3/A6 phosphopeptide phosphatases were insensitive to Ca2+, calmodulin and inhibitor-1, and dephosphorylated A3 preferentially compared with A6. A latent form of microsomal ATP,Mg2+-dependent phosphorylase phosphatase was stimulated 10-fold by trypsinisation, but did not dephosphorylate phosphopeptides A3 and A6. The results show that high-Mr forms of polycation-stimulated phosphatases are the only enzymes in human T leukaemia cell microsomes which dephosphorylate gamma chain phosphopeptides. The data point to an important role for polycation-stimulated phosphatases in regulating the phosphorylation state, and so function(s), of the CD3 antigen.
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PMID:Dephosphorylation of the human T lymphocyte CD3 antigen. 254 Sep 70

We describe a case of ALL with the t(4;11) (q21;q23) translocation in which both surface markers and molecular analyses suggest an unusual early T cell involvement. While the morphologic and cytochemical studies showed an undifferentiated pattern, immunophenotypic data were suggestive of a very immature cell population which stained only for TdT and CD7. Moreover, in contrast to previous reports but in agreement with the immunologic findings, the IgH gene region retained a germline configuration. T cell receptor beta and gamma chain gene loci also showed a germline pattern, in accordance with the expansion of immature CD7+, TdT+ T cells.
Leukemia 1989 Jan
PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the 4;11 translocation exhibiting early T cell features. 278 47

Six monoclonal leukemia cell lines (MOLT 12-17) were established from three patients with acute leukemia. Two of the patients' samples were of the T-ALL type, the third had morphological, isoenzymatic and immunological features of AMoL. The cell lines resulting from these original cells displayed distinct, but stable marker profiles. A comparison between primary cells and resulting cell lines showed that the cell lines established from patients with T-ALL (MOLT 12, 13, 14 and MOLT 16, 17) expressed similar phenotypes and isoenzyme patterns, but were different in a few specific aspects. The changes suggest a modulation of marker expression in vitro or an arrest at a more immature stage of differentiation than the original cells. The cell line MOLT 15 established from the case of AMoL exhibited a quite discordant profile when compared to the primary sample: the cells lacked all previously found myelomonocytic antigens and a monocyte-specific esterase isoenzyme, but expressed the T-cell associated CD7 antigen and had rearrangements and RNA transcripts of the T-cell receptor beta and gamma chain genes. This striking discrepancy between the patient's malignant cells and the corresponding cell line suggests that subpopulation selection had occurred in culture.
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PMID:Morphological, immunophenotypical and isoenzymatic profiles of human leukemia cells and derived T-cell lines. 278 21


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