Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bone marrow stroma, represented in long-term marrow culture by cells of the adherent layer, is composed of a heterogenous mixture of macrophages and mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells and adipocytes, in association with a proteoglycan matrix. This matrix, which is synthesized by the stroma, is capable of binding hematopoietic growth factors, and likely plays a major role in hematopoietic regulation. Clonally-derived non-transformed bone marrow stromal cells, propagated in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor, were studied for expression of collagenase, an enzyme whose substrate, collagen, is a major component of the extracellular matrix. Expression of steady-state collagenase mRNA was undetectable in both unstimulated dermal fibroblasts and non-transformed marrow stromal cells. However, stimulation with interleukin 1 alpha (10 U/ml) for 24 h resulted in marked accumulation of collagenase mRNA in dermal fibroblast cells, yet failed to elicit a similar response in bone marrow stromal cells. Both marrow stromal cells and dermal fibroblasts constitutively expressed transcripts of collagen I, and rhIL-1 alpha upregulated transcripts of interleukin 6 in both these cells as well. Although similar in morphology, these data indicate that bone marrow stromal cells differ from fibroblasts in their response to IL-1. In the marrow microenvironment, where IL-1 may be secreted by a variety of cell types, such suppression of collagenase expression may serve to prevent unwanted mobilization of collagen from the glycoprotein matrix by marrow stromal cells.
Leukemia 1994 Feb
PMID:Differential expression of collagenase by human fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells. 830 54

Many studies show a strong association between diabetes mellitus and risk for periodontal disease destruction. Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing destructive periodontal disease. Under similar plaque conditions, adult patients with long-term, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus have more attachment and bone loss than controlled diabetic patients. Most patients with diabetes mellitus respond to conventional periodontal treatment, but in some cases the response may be related to the degree of metabolic control. Periodontal treatment may have a beneficial effect on the metabolic status of poorly controlled diabetes. Tetracycline therapy may be an effective adjunctive treatment in the management of periodontal disease in diabetic patients by blocking collagenase-dependent periodontal tissue destruction. Pyostomatitis vegetans is frequently associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and is a marker for the disease. Plaque control with chlorhexidine gluconate should be preceded by mechanical removal of plaque and calculus in patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. A distinct gingival lesion is associated with Wegener's granulomatosis, a potentially fatal disease that, if detected early, has a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Periodontal manifestations of systemic disease and management of patients with systemic disease. 840 43

JEM-1 is a novel gene whose mRNA expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is induced by retinoid treatments. The gene product, a 45 kDa basic nuclear factor containing a leucine repeat, was transiently expressed in HeLa or COS-7 cells and immunocharacterized within the nuclei in fine punctuated structures which increase in size after cell transfection. Jem-1 was not expressed in the nucleoli. Experimental deletion of peptide domains of Jem-1 (JemDelta331-400 and Jem DeltaL179-206) showed that its C-terminal sequence (Thr331 --> Leu400) is required for nuclear translocation, while the leucine repeat domain (Arg179 --> Glu206) has no influence on subcellular localization. The Jem-1 protein was not detected in the PML-containing nuclear bodies or in speckled structures containing the splicing factor SC-35. In contrast it was localized in the nucleus in structures containing activator protein-1 (AP-1). DNA mobility shift assays showed that the in vitro translated Jem protein interacts neither with the DNA binding site of AP-1, nor directly with in vitro co-translated c-Fos or/and c-Jun proteins bound to this specific sequence. Interestingly, Jem-1-1 increased substantially the transcriptional activity of c-Jun (three-fold) and more strongly that of ectopically co-expressed c-Fos and c-Jun (five- to six-fold), as measured by a CAT reporter gene driven by a heterologous promoter containing the AP-1 binding site of the human collagenase gene. These synergistic effects were strongly Jem-1 dose-dependent. However, Jem-1 alone showed no activity on the collagenase promoter. A deletion of the leucine repeat of Jem-1 (Arg179 --> Glu206) did not diminish the enhancer capacity of Jem-1 on AP-1 activity. In contrast, the enhanced AP-1 activity was abrogated when Jem-1 was deleted of its C-terminus (Thr331 --> Leu400). We conclude that the 45 kDa nuclear product of the JEM-1 gene has features of a novel transcription cofactor, which is enhancing AP-1 activity without directly interacting with c-Jun or c-Fos proteins. Possible implications of these findings for APL cell maturation are discussed.
Leukemia 1999 Dec
PMID:JEM-1, a novel nuclear co-factor: localisation and functional interaction with AP-1. 1060 19

Angiostatic substance TNP-470 displayed moderate cytotoxicity towards human leukemia HL-60, HL-60/ADR, HL-60/VCR and myeloma ARH77 cell lines with IC50 in the range 5-10 microM of concentrations and slightly higher IC50 for myeloma cell line U266. IC50 for ovarian CH-1, A2780 and A2780/ADR cell lines was in the range 10-15 microM with the exception of platinum-resistant SKOV3 cell line (more than 40 microM ). The IC50 values for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell lines were 15 and 25 microM, respectively. In human hemopoietic neoplastic cell lines examined, TNP-470 induced the appearance of subpopulation with sub-G0 DNA content, suggesting the apoptosis-inducing potential of TNP-470 in these cells. No TNP-470-induced drug uptake modulation in drug-resistant leukemia cell line HL-60/VCR was observed. TNP-470 induced accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. There was no TNP-470-induced inhibition of MMP collagenase activity or MMP (MMP2 and MMP9) production in the human fibrosarcoma cells HT 1080 in vitro.
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PMID:Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470: cytotoxic effects on human neoplastic cell lines. 1066 43

The U3 region of the LTR of oncogenic Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) and feline leukemia viruses (FeLV) have been previously reported to activate expression of specific cellular genes in trans, such as MHC class I, collagenase IV, and MCP-1, in an integration-independent manner. It has been suggested that transactivation of these specific cellular genes by leukemia virus U3-LTR may contribute to the multistage process of leukemogenesis. The U3-LTR region, necessary for gene transactivational activity, also contains multiple transcription factor-binding sites that are essential for normal virus replication. To dissect the promoter activity and the gene transactivational activity of the U3-LTR, we conducted mutational analysis of the U3-LTR region of FeLV-A molecular clone 61E. We identified minimal nucleotide substitution mutants on the U3 LTR that did not disturb transcription factor-binding sites but abrogated its ability to transactivate the collagenase gene promoter. To determine if these mutations actually have altered any uncharacterized important transcription factor-binding site, we introduced these U3-LTR mutations into the full-length infectious molecular clone 61E. We demonstrate that the mutant virus was replication competent but could not transactivate cellular gene expression. These results thus suggest that the gene transactivational activity is a distinct property of the LTR and possibly not related to its promoter activity. The cellular gene transactivational activity-deficient mutant FeLV generated in this study may also serve as a valuable reagent for testing the biological significance of LTR-mediated cellular gene activation in the tumorigenesis caused by leukemia viruses.
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PMID:Mutations that abrogate transactivational activity of the feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat do not affect virus replication. 1275 76

The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-encoded Tax protein activates transcription from the viral promoter via association with the cellular basic leucine zipper factor cAMP-response element-binding protein-2. Tax is also able to induce cellular transformation of T lymphocytes probably by modulating transcriptional activity of cellular factors, including nuclear factor-kappaB, E2F, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and p53. Recently, we characterized in HTLV-I-infected cells the presence of a novel viral protein, HBZ, encoded by the complementary strand of the HTLV-I RNA genome (Gaudray, G., Gachon, F., Basbous, J., Biard-Piechaczyk, M., Devaux, C., and Mesnard, J.-M. (2002) J. Virol. 76, 12813-12822). HBZ is a nuclear basic leucine zipper protein that down-regulates Tax-dependent viral transcription by inhibiting the binding of cAMP-response element-binding protein-2 to the HTLV-I promoter. In searching for other cellular targets of HBZ, we identified two members of the Jun family, JunB and c-Jun. Co-immunoprecipitation and cellular colocalization confirmed that HBZ interacts in vivo with JunB and c-Jun. When transiently introduced into CEM cells with a reporter gene containing the AP-1 site from the collagenase promoter, HBZ suppressed transactivation by c-Jun. On the other hand, the combination of HBZ with Jun-B had higher transcriptional activity than JunB alone. Consistent with the structure of its basic domain, we demonstrate that HBZ decreases the DNA-binding activity of c-Jun and JunB. Last, we show that c-Jun is no longer capable of activating the basal expression of the HTLV-I promoter in the presence of HBZ in vivo. Our results support the hypothesis that HBZ could be a negative modulator of the Tax effect by controlling Tax expression at the transcriptional level and by attenuating activation of AP-1 by Tax.
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PMID:The HBZ factor of human T-cell leukemia virus type I dimerizes with transcription factors JunB and c-Jun and modulates their transcriptional activity. 1293 77

This is a historical overview seen from a personal angle. It covers the insights made during the past 20 years into the destructive processes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related to cytokines. The biochemical knowledge of the matrix components (i.e. collagen) and enzymology (i.e. collagenase) available in the 1950s led to the identification of cells from synovial tissue producing collagenase (fibroblast-like cells) and their interaction with other immune cells, i.e. monocyte-macrophages (Mphi) and lymphocytes (1976-1979). This insight led to the isolation of soluble factors produced by Mphi, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF, the principal cytokines inducing collagenase and PGE(2) in many target cells (i.e. synovial fibroblasts, chondrocytes, bone-derived cells) (1981-1985). Further advances resulted from observations that, in clinical conditions (i.e. leukaemia, juvenile RA), a remission of fever and inflammation may occur spontaneously and that tissue catabolism may persist despite the absence of systemic inflammation; this gave rise to the concept and identification of endogenous cytokine inhibitors (i.e. IL-1 receptor antagonist and TNF soluble receptor) (1984-1989). The fourth milestone was the observation that the production of IL-1 and TNF by Mphi was induced mainly by direct contact with lymphocytes, prompting studies of the ligands and counter-ligands on Mphi and lymphocytes as well as inhibitors involved in this cell-cell contact, some of these inhibitors being involved in lipid metabolism and acute-phase proteins (HDL-apo A-1).
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PMID:The process of identifying and understanding cytokines: from basic studies to treating rheumatic diseases. 1512 36

In the present study we developed an enzymatic approach (through the use of collagenase and dispase) to isolate bovine intestinal epithelial cells. Using this method, freshly isolated jejunocytes could be distinguished from simultaneously isolated colonocytes, as the jejunocytes specifically exhibited the small intestinal peptidase gene transcript, as well as an active alkaline phosphatase. The transformation of both types of cell suspension was performed by retroviral infection, using reproduction-defective viruses bearing the gene coding for the large T antigen of the leukaemia simian virus (SV40). The success of the transfection was demonstrated by (1) a significant increase in cell passage numbers (52-53 vs. 7 passages for non-transfected cells), (2) the detection of both the large T transcript and the large T antigen in transformed cells. Possible contamination and progressive substitution of bovine primocultures by non-bovine lineages available in the laboratory was excluded, as the transformed cells presented a bovine typical karyotype. Most transfected cells kept an epithelial morphology after transformation. They also maintained the expression of FABP and enterocyte specific enzymes (brush-border associated maltase and IAP). However, levels of specific activity of these enzymes were low, suggesting that cell differentiation is not completely achieved under the applied culture conditions.
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PMID:Preliminary characterization of jejunocyte and colonocyte cell lines isolated by enzymatic digestion from adult and young cattle. 1916 86

In recent years, evidence has emerged supporting the hypothesis that cancer is a stem cell disease. The cancer stem cell field was led by the discovery of leukemia stem cells (Tan, B.T., Park, C.Y., Ailles, L.E., and Weissman, I.L. (2006) The cancer stem cell hypothesis: a work in progress. Laboratory Investigation. 86, 1203-1207), and within the past few years cancer stem cells have been isolated from a number of solid tumor including those of breast and brain cancer among others (Al-Hajj M., Wicha M.S., Benito-Hernandez A., Morrison, S.J., and Clarke, M.F. (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 3983-3988; Singh, S.K., Clarke, I.D., Terasaki, M., Bonn, V.E., Hawkins, C., Squire, J., and Dirks, P.B. (2003) Identification of a Cancer Stem Cell in Human Brain Tumors. Cancer Research. 63, 5821-5828). Cancer stem cells exhibit far different properties than established cells lines such as relative quiescence, multidrug resistance, and multipotency (Clarke, M.F., Dick, J.E., Dirks, P.B., Eaves, C.J., Jamieson, C.H.M., Jones, D.L., Visvader, J., Weissman, I.L., and Wahl, G.M. (2006) Cancer Stem Cells-Perspectives on Current Status and Future Directions: AACR Workshop on Cancer Stem Cells. Cancer Research. 66, 9339-9344). In addition, our laboratory has demonstrated that breast cancer stem cells exhibit a strong metastatic phenotype when passaged in mice. Since stem cells exhibit these somewhat unique properties, it will be important for endocrinologists to evaluate hormonal action in these precursor cells for a more thorough understanding of cancer biology and development of more effective treatment modalities. A relatively easy and low cost method was developed to isolate breast cancer stem cells from primary needle biopsies taken from patients diagnosed with primary invasive ductal carcinoma during the routine care of patients with consent and IRB approval. Fresh needle biopsies (2-3 biopsies at 2 cm in length) were enzymatically dissociated in a collagenase (300 U/ml)/hyaluronidase (100 U/ml) solution followed by sequential filtration. Single cell suspensions were cultured on ultra low attachment plastic flasks in defined medium and formed non-adherent tumorspheres. The tumorspheres exhibited surface marker expression of CD44(+)/CD24(low/-)/ESA(+), previously defined as a "breast cancer stem cell" phenotype by Al Hajj et al. (Al-Hajj M., Wicha M.S., Benito-Hernandez A., Morrison, S.J., and Clarke, M.F. (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells.
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PMID:Breast tumor-initiating cells isolated from patient core biopsies for study of hormone action. 1976 16

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos. Developing gonadal ridges from mouse embryos (C57BL6J) were dissociated by mechanical disruption with collagenase, then plated in a mouse embryo fibroblast feeder layer (MEF-CF1) that was previously mitotically inactivated with mitomycin C in the presence of knockout media and supplemented with Leukemia Inhibitor Factor (LIF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Stem Cell Factor (SCF). Using these optimized methods for PCG identification, isolation, and establishment of culture conditions permits long term cultures of EG cells for more than 40 days. The embryonic germinal cell lines showed embryonic phenotype and expression of common used markers of the pluripotent state. Isolation and derivation of germinal cells in culture provide a tool to understand their development in vitro and offer the opportunity to monitor cumulative damage at genetic and epigenetic levels after exposure to oxidative stress.
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PMID:Isolation and derivation of mouse embryonic germinal cells. 1985 Dec 76


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