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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum ferritin concentration is increased in both acute myeloblastic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease. In acute leukaemia the mean concentration is about ten times the normal level and is associated with a high concentration of transferrin-bound iron. In Hodgkin's disease abnormal ferritinaemia is associated with a low concentration of transferrin-bound iron and appears to result from a block of reticuloendothelial iron release. Increased concentrations of circulating ferritin have also been observed in a few cases of chronic leukaemia and myelomatosis.
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PMID:Ferritinaemia in leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease. 451 89

The hybrid-antibody method of locating cell-surface antigens in electron micrographs, with either ferritin or southern bean mosaic virus as the visual marker, was applied to the cells of a transplanted murine leukemia induced by Gross virus. The two antigens studied were (a) G (Gross) cell-surface antigen, which is a specific component of cells infected with Gross virus and is identified by cytotoxic hyperimmune C57BL/6 antiserum, and (b) H-2 antigen, which is the major histocompatibility determinant of the mouse. Both antigens were represented on the cell surface in discrete circumscribed areas. Neither antigen was present on free Gross virions or on virions in the process of budding from the cell surface. Thus G cell-surface antigen identified by C57BL mouse cytotoxic antiserum is not a constituent of the viral envelope, which accounts for the poor virus-neutralizing capacity of such antibody. Virus maturation may take place preferentially at regions of the cell surface where H-2 and G antigens are absent, for budding was seldom seen in H-2(+) sectors and never convincingly in G(+) sectors. In other experiments, serum from an untreated NZB mice aged 16 months gave labeling of the virion only, showing that this mouse strain, in contrast to C57BL and other strains, forms antibody to envelope antigen of Gross virus.
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PMID:G (Gross) and H-2 cell-surface antigens: location on Gross leukemia cells by electron microscopy with visually labeled antibody. 526 38

Simultaneous detection of specific surface markers by immunogold and intracellular peroxidase activity was determined ultrastructurally in normal and leukaemic progenitors of platelets, erythrocytes and granulocytes. A new method of fixation was employed to preserve platelet peroxidase activity. Monoclonal antibodies to platelet glycoproteins labelled exclusively platelet peroxidase (PPO) positive cells, i.e. platelets, megakaryocytes and promegakaryoblasts (PMKB). In acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia, most PMKB possessed both markers while a few PMKB identified by PPO did not bind monoclonal antibodies. This result suggests that PPO appears earlier in maturation than platelet glycoproteins. Although all glycoproteins (GP) displayed fewer sites in PMKB than platelets, GP Ib was often observed in more mature megakaryocytes. Surface (glycophorin A) and intracytoplasmic markers including ferritin, intra-mitrochondrial iron and diffuse peroxidase activity due to haemoglobin of erythroid progenitors, appeared simultaneously. The number of glycophorin A sites increased with maturation. In leukaemia involving PMKB and proerythroblasts, the surface markers were coincident with the localization of peroxidase activity; glycophorin A was always absent from blasts which exhibited PPO activity localized in endoplasmic reticulum. Platelet glycoproteins were never expressed in any other cell lineage. The myeloid surface antigen was present on normal late neutrophilic promyelocytes after the cessation of myeloperoxidase synthesis. In some cases of M1 and M2 AML (FAB classification), labelling was identical to normal cells while in others the antigen appeared earlier than normal. Our findings show that the surface phenotype of blasts from non-lymphoid leukaemia and the intracellular peroxidase activity of a given cell type can be simultaneously demonstrated and analysed by electron microscopy.
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PMID:Simultaneous detection of membrane markers with monoclonal antibodies and peroxidatic activities in leukaemia: ultrastructural analysis using a new method of fixation preserving the platelet peroxidase. 609 46

To search for lymphocyte marker antigens on the surface of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), an immunoelectron microscopic study was performed on a HTLV-producing human T-cell line, MT-2, using monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-Leu-1, -Leu-2b, -Leu-3a, -Leu-5, -Leu-10 and -HLA-DR and OKIal. The reactivity of each antibody with MT-2 cells was tested by the immunoperoxidase method at the light microscopic level. OKIal, anti-HLA-DR and -Leu-10 gave positive results. At the ultrastructural level, the surface of HTLV as well as the plasma membranes of MT-2 cells were labeled with ferritin by the monoclonal antibodies OKIal, anti-HLA-DR and -Leu-10, but not by anti-Leu-1 and -Leu-3a. These findings suggest that HLA-D region -associated antigens are common antigenic determinants shared by the surface of HTLV and the plasma membranes of MT-2 cells. These antigens on the virus surface are probably picked up selectively from the plasma membranes and may play an important role in the interaction of HTLV and target T-cells.
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PMID:Detection of HLA-D-region-associated antigens on the surface of adult T-cell leukemia virus particles by immunoelectron microscopy. 609 44

Some malignant tissues and cell lines contain acidic isoferritins and it has been suggested that the assay of such isoferritins in serum may be of value in the diagnosis of malignancy. This paper describes a radioimmunoassay for acidic ferrtin purified from HeLa cells. Examiniation of purified heart, kidney, liver and spleen ferritin showed that the assay was highly specific for acidic isoferritins. Ferritin concentrations have been measured with antibodies to HeLa cell and spleen ferritin in extracts of normal and tumour tissue. Although the tumours contained more HeLa type ferritin than the corresponding normal tissue the HeLa/spleen type ferritin ratio was low. HeLa-type ferritin concentrations have been compared with values obtained with anti-spleen ferritin in over 1000 sera from normal subjects and patients with cancer and leukaemia. HeLa-type ferritin as not detected ( less than 2 micrograms/l) in most normal sera. Concentrations of up to 53 micrograms/l were found in sera from patients with malignant disease but the HeLa/spleen type ferritin ratio was always very low. There appears to be little application for antibodies to HeLa cell or heart ferritin in the diagnosis or monitoring of cancer.
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PMID:Serum ferritin in patients with cancer: determination with antibodies to HeLa cell and spleen ferritin. 625 Jul 46

The distribution and regeneration of immunoglobulin (Ig) of guinea pig leukemia cells were investigated through the use of ferritin labeling and scanning electron microscopy. Throughout this work, correlative light microscopy using fluorescein label and transmission electron microscopy using ferritin label were used. The cells used in this study were lymphocytic leukemia cells, an acute (L2C) and a chronic (KSL) form, and normal B cells obtained from Sewall Wright strain 2 guinea pigs. Distinct differences in the movement and regeneration of cell surface Ig were observed when these cells were compared. Both L2C and KSL cells were slower to cap than normal B cells which formed a well-organized single patch. The cells endocytosed the label rapidly and either processed or shed the label within 24 hours except for the L2C cells which had retained internalized label after 24 hours. Regeneration of surface Ig was clearly demonstrated in all three cell types. The apparent similarities between these two lymphocytic guinea pig leukemias and similar reports of human leukemias strongly suggest that the L2C and KSL cells could provide excellent models for future studies of acute and chronic forms of this disease.
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PMID:Movement of cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig) in guinea pig B cells and lymphocytic leukemia cells as observed by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 635 36

Immunochemical and immunocytochemical techniques have been used to characterize viral glycoproteins and endogenous rat leukaemia viruses (RaLV) produced both by Novikoff hepatocellular carcinoma cells and spontaneously transformed Wistar rat embryo cells (WRC). Results from immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that RaLV produced by Novikoff and WRC cells could be distinguished by their unique patterns of reactivity with xenoantisera raised against virus particles or viral glycoproteins. This differential labelling was unexpected since all the antisera tested had been shown by immunoprecipitation and immunodepletion analysis to be reactive with viral glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface. Since no significant differences in cell surface-associated viral glycoproteins and those shed from the cell surface were detected by pulse iodination analysis, it was concluded that the apparent discrepancy between immunoferritin labelling and immunoprecipitation analysis resulted from differences in antigen accessibility on intact virions caused by structural differences in the viral glycoproteins expressed on Novikoff and WRC cells. This conclusion was supported by results from ferritin-lectin labelling, affinity chromatography and neuraminidase digestion studies which demonstrated differences in the saccharide moieties on both virion and cell surface-associated viral glycoproteins. Further evidence of structural differences was provided by limited digestion with trypsin and V8 protease of the Mr 64 000 (Nov gp64) and Mr 68 000 (WRC gp68) viral glycoproteins immunoprecipitated from Novikoff and WRC cells, respectively, with either monospecific anti-Rauscher murine leukaemia virus anti-gp70 serum or monospecific antiserum against Nov gp64 (anti-gp64). Results from digestion studies showed that all the major cleavage fragments from WRC gp68 were of higher molecular weight than their Nov gp64-derived counterparts. Evidence that Nov gp64 and WRC gp68 both share structural homology with other murine viral gp70s was suggested by results from immunoprecipitation analysis with anti-gp70 and anti-gp64 sera under reducing and non-reducing conditions which demonstrated the presence of an interchain disulphide bond in both glycoproteins and showed that at least some of these molecules exist on the cell surface as disulphide-linked heterodimers of Mr 78 000 and 82 000.
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PMID:Structural differences in envelope glycoproteins associated with rat leukaemia virus produced by Novikoff hepatocellular carcinoma and spontaneously transformed Wistar rat embryo cells. 636 46

Serum ferritin was determined by immunoradiometry in children aged 6 months to 3 years, immediately before leaving hospital where they had been treated for various acute, non-haematological diseases. A low value was found in 13% of them. Serum ferritin concentration is a sensitive method in differentiating between iron deficiency and infectious anaemia. A significantly higher mean value was found in children affected by malignant disease (acute lymphoid or myeloid leukaemia, various solid tumours).
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PMID:Serum ferritin level in infants and children with anaemia and malignant disease. 657 72

In 87 patients with Ph1 positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), the bone marrow iron content was studied on smears obtained at diagnosis. A low sideroblast score and a decreased or absent marrow iron on semiquantitative estimation were found in 91% and 85% of cases, respectively. These findings did not correlate with blood parameters reflecting iron status such as Hb concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity and transferrin saturation, which were normal in most cases. In 30 patients, initial serum ferritin was estimated, normal or slightly increased levels being as a rule found. In 24 of such patients, serum ferritin was again measured in remission following busulphan and, although values remained normal, a significant decrease was observed with respect to the initial levels (P less than 0.001). Thus, in spite of the consistent marrow pattern of iron depletion, initial iron stores appear to be normal in CGL. It seems, however, that the disease activity may partially influence the serum ferritin levels.
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PMID:Iron stores in chronic granulocytic leukaemia at presentation. 658 57

It has been suggested that the iron storage protein ferritin has a number of physiological functions not directly related to iron metabolism and a number of these relate to lymphocyte and macrophage activity. The present study demonstrates a selective distribution of ferritin on lymphocyte and macrophage surface membranes which may be relevant to these hypotheses. Flow cytometry using specific antibodies shows 66% of human peripheral blood monocytes, 75% of B cells but only 6% of T cells to have significant amounts of surface ferritin. No difference was found between OKT4 and OKT8 subsets. Ferritin was also found on the surface of the pathological lymphocytes of B cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) but not T cell CLL.
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PMID:The expression of cell surface ferritin by peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. 661 Nov 70


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