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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroblastoma was diagnosed in a child after a 20-month remission of a pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Clumps of atypical cells suggestive of neuroblastoma were seen in the bone marrow. They were positive for monoclonal antibody (MoAb) UJ13A (neuroblastoma cells) and negative for MoAb T29/33 (anti-leucocyte common antigen CD45) with immunocytochemical staining. A right paravertebral mass displacing the kidney was demonstrated by abdominal echotomography, and serum vanilmandelic acid was slightly increased. Despite specific chemotherapy against neuroblastoma and after a transient clinical improvement, the patient died 7 months later of disseminated disease. Immunocytochemical staining on cells frozen at diagnosis of leukemia with MoAb UJ13A and T29/33 was unable to demonstrate neuroblastoma cells and showed the pattern usually observed in leukemia (UJ13A- and T29/33+).
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PMID:Neuroblastoma during acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission. 297 Aug 89

Mice simultaneously expressing the nude and xid mutations have a severe deficit of both mature T and B cells. We now report studies designed to determine at which point in B cell differentiation development is arrested. Nude-xid mice have normal numbers of hematopoietic colony forming units (CFU-s) but lack two early pre-B cell markers: susceptibility to transformation by Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) and production of cytoplasmic mu (C mu) heavy chain. Thus, there is a defect in lymphocyte development prior to or early in pre-B cell differentiation but after hematopoietic stem cell formation. The monoclonal reagents DNL 1.9, 14.8 and RA3-3A1/6.1, which react with the surface protein B220 (Ly5) on pro-B, C mu- pre-B, C mu+ pre-B, and surface Ig+ B cells, revealed the presence of positive cells in nude-xid mice. The bone marrow of nude-xid mice contains more B220+ cells than C mu+ cells. Our data suggest that the developmental block in these mice occurs at the earliest identifiable step in the B lymphocyte lineage, after the appearance of B220+ C mu- pro-B cells, but before the differentiation of C mu-bearing (pre-B) cells.
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PMID:Early arrest of B cell development in nude, X-linked immune-deficient mice. 309 47

The standardized fluorescence intensity (FI) of immunostained normal and malignant B-cells was measured as a method of evaluating cellular heterogeneity between lymphoid malignancies. Mature B-cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of different individuals demonstrated characteristic peaks of FI when specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were employed in standard flow cytometric procedures. Malignant cells from patients with lymphoid leukemias demonstrated FI that differed from that of normal B-cells with various MoAbs and that differed among categories of leukemia. By using a panel of MoAbs reactive with B-cells, as well as a T200 (CD45) antigen, a scheme of malignant cell differentiation may be produced that approximates stages of normal B-cell differentiation. When the FI of malignant cells differs from that of normal cells, or when atypical peaks (or additional peaks) of FI are present in flow cytometric histograms, the investigator should be alerted to the probability of abnormal cell populations. In addition, it is frequently possible to use this information to help classify malignancies, thereby contributing to identification of small numbers of malignant B-cells in otherwise equivocal situations.
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PMID:Fluorescence intensity of immunostained cells as a diagnostic aid in lymphoid leukemias. 326 61

Bone marrow fibroblasts have been shown to have a role in the support and regulation of hemopoiesis, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study we examine the ability of skin-derived fibroblasts to interact with hemopoiesis in vitro. Murine skin and bone marrow-derived fibroblasts were similar with respect to their abilities to support granulopoiesis and release colony-stimulating activity. Detailed analysis of skin fibroblast cultures 1 week after seeding with stromal cell-depleted bone marrow demonstrated that both multipotential hemopoietic stem cells and erythroid stem cells were maintained, while granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units far exceeded inoculum values. Immunostaining demonstrated the presence of foci of T200 positive hemopoietic cells on the surface of the fibroblasts with less frequent scattered M1/70 and F4/80 positive macrophages. The majority of cells (greater than 90%) released from the stromal layer were of the granulocytic series. These findings demonstrate that the hemopoietic regulatory properties previously attributed to bone marrow-derived fibroblasts are not unique to fibroblasts derived from hemopoietic tissues.
Leukemia 1987 Aug
PMID:Hemopoiesis on skin-derived fibroblasts in vitro. 366 73

Thymic lymphosarcomas (TLS) were induced in C57BL mice by X-rays or by Radiation Leukemia Virus (RadLV) and their surface glycoproteins (gps) compared after cell-surface radioiodination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). All lymphocytic antigens tested (T200, 170/100, Thy-1) and proteins with apparent molecular weight (Mr) around 120,000 and 100,000 were present on all tumours, as well as retrovirus--encoded proteins but considerable variation in the Mr of several serologically-related proteins was observed. Therefore, the TLS in C57BL mice form a heterogeneous group, suggesting that T cells can be transformed at different stages of maturation. The possibility that transformation allows or even triggers differentiation is also entertained.
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PMID:Surface proteins of radiation-induced and radiation leukemia virus-induced thymic lymphosarcomas in mice. 613 84

We attempted to determine the reliability of surface markers in distinguishing 21 small round cell tumors from lymphoid malignancies. Using immunofluorescence on tumor cell suspensions and immunoperoxidase on fresh frozen sections, we found that specimens of neuroblastoma (n = 7), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 7), Ewing's tumor (n = 5), and two unclassified small round cell tumors all lacked human HLA-DR antigens. Each of eight tumors tested also lacked common leukocyte antigen (T200). In each of 13 cases studied, neither polyvalent surface immunoglobulin (sIg) nor receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E), complement (EAC), or the Fc portion of IgG immunoglobulin (EA) were found. Conversely, we found HLA-DR and/or T200 antigens, usually one or more receptors for E, EAC, or EA, and not infrequently, monoclonal sIg on malignant cells in each of 42 cases of lymphocytic lymphoma and leukemia. We conclude that study of surface DR and T200 antigens, sIg, and receptors for E, EAC, and EA aids the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors from lymphocytic lymphoma and leukemia.
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PMID:Immunologic markers in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors from lymphocytic lymphoma and leukemia. 618 65

Galectin-1, a member of the family of beta-galactoside binding proteins, has growth regulatory and immunomodulatory activities. We report here that galectin-1, expressed by stromal cells in human thymus and lymph nodes, is present at sites of cell death by apoptosis during normal T-cell development and maturation. Galectin-1 induced apoptosis of activated human T cells and human T leukaemia cell lines. Resting T cells also bound galectin-1, but did not undergo apoptosis. Human endothelial cells that expressed galectin-1 induced apoptosis of bound T cells. Galectin-1-induced apoptosis required expression of CD45, and was decreased when N-glycan elongation was blocked by treatment of the cells by swainsonine, whereas inhibition of O-glycan elongation potentiated the apoptotic effect of galectin-1. Induction of apoptosis by an endogenous mammalian lectin represents a new mechanism for regulating the immune response.
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PMID:Apoptosis of T cells mediated by galectin-1. 750 Oct 23

Three independent immature B cell lines transformed with temperature-sensitive mutants of Abelson murine leukaemia virus (A-MuLV) persistently expressed B220 antigen detected by both of the anti-B220 antibodies RA3-6B2 and 14.8 during culture at the permissive temperature (35 degrees C). RA3-6B2 recognizes the B220 eptiope and that 14.8 is a CD45RA antibody. However, when the culture temperature was shifted up to the non-permissive temperature (39 degrees C) and the culture was continued for 2-3 weeks, a population of the cells (RA3-6B2-14.8+ cells) that lost RA3-6B2 antigen appeared in all three cell lines. From these populations, RA3-6B2-14.8+ subclones were independently isolated by limiting dilution and the phenotype was stable during culture at the permissive temperature. When the culture temperature of the RA3-6B2-14.8+ subclones was shifted up to the non-permissive temperature and the culture was continued for 2-3 weeks, RA3-6B2 antigen was re-expressed in a subpopulation of the RA3-6B2-14.8+ cells. These results demonstrated cyclic regulation of B220 antigen expression during proliferation and/or differentiation of immature B cell lines.
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PMID:Cyclic regulation of B220 antigen expression in immature B cell lines. 751 34

PGM-2 is a variant of the transplantable PGM-1 leukemia of strain C3H/HeJ. Freshly explanted cells had lymphoid morphology with a CD5+ CD45R (B220)- IgM- phenotype. They were not viable in unstimulated cultures, but formed IgM+ lymphoid colonies in response to interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, and Steel factor, and macrophage colonies in response to IL-3. IL-3-stimulated colonies had no recloning potential, but colonies from IL-7 cultures gave rise to large numbers of secondary macrophage colonies in IL-3-stimulated cultures and secondary lymphoid colonies in IL-7-stimulated cultures. The latter ones could be serially transferred in vitro for several months, and formed typical PGM-2 tumors in vivo. IL-7-stimulated colonies could therefore be used to measure leukemic stem cells in vitro. Supramaximal IL-3 stimulation (2,500 U/mL) of suspension cultures was followed by an increase in overall cell numbers and a disappearance of leukemic stem cells, compatible with differentiation induction. This could not be counteracted by simultaneous stimulation with IL-7. However, lower IL-3 concentrations (500 U/mL) induced an expansion of the stem cell pool, possibly by facilitating density-dependent autostimulatory mechanisms involving endogenous production of IL-7. The system described is a simple in vitro model for differentiation therapy. It shows that leukemic stem cells can be induced by hematopoietic growth factors to undergo terminal differentiation, but the concentrations required for differentiation induction in stem cells are much higher than those required for other biologic effects. Submaximal stimulation may favor expansion rather than repression of the leukemic cell population.
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PMID:Self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells in a biopotential murine leukemia: an in vitro model for differentiation therapy. 751 9

A method employing CD45-gating of blast cells was evaluated for the flow cytometric detection of residual disease in CD19- and myeloid antigen-positive acute leukemia in morphologic remission. In the normal bone marrow, CD45-gating identified at least three populations of immature cells, one of which appeared to retain a minute fraction of CD19- and CD13/33-antigen co-expressing cells. In acute leukemia, CD45 expression separated the blast cell population from the normal marrow cell populations. In the majority of patients with CD19- and myeloid antigen-positive acute leukemia, subpopulations of blast cells with this mixed phenotype were detected during morphologic remission.
Leukemia 1994 Sep
PMID:Flow cytometric detection of residual disease in acute leukemia by assaying blasts co-expressing myeloid and lymphatic antigens. 752 95


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