Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Megakaryocytopoiesis was investigated with a polyclonal (26 cases) and a monoclonal (20 cases) antibody to factor-VIII-related antigen (factor VIII RAg) with the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method on air-dried bone marrow aspirates (BM). Numerous megakaryocyte precursors were identified in 5 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and the 2 patients with acute myelogeneous leukaemia (AML) after recovery from therapeutic aplasia. Small megakaryocyte precursors were rare in controls (C), patients with reactive thrombocytosis (RT) and immune thrombocytopenia (IT). In 2 patients with severe alcoholism the number of mature megakaryocytes increased after 5 and 7 days of abstinence, respectively.
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PMID:Megakaryocytopoiesis in different forms of thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia: identification of megakaryocyte precursors by immunostaining of intracytoplasmic factor-VIII-related antigen. 393 62

The Fv-l locus of the mouse, a major determinant of the biology of murine leukemia virus, is very closely linked to Gpd-1 on chromosome 4 (linkage group VIII).
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PMID:Genetic mapping of the Fv-1 lcous of the mouse. 434 12

The Fv-1 gene, which regulates sensitivity of mouse cells to infection by naturally occurring host-range types of murine leukemia virus, was shown to be located on linkage group VIII (chromosome 4), 39 map units from b.
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PMID:A major genetic locus affecting resistance to infection with murine leukemia viruses. 3. Assignment of the Fv-1 locus to linkage group 8 of the mouse. 468 39

Two anti-Mr 65,000 protein (p65) murine monoclonal antibodies, T101 and VIII-1, were conjugated to intact ricin. Toxicity of the resulting immunotoxins (IT) was measured against leukemic cell lines treated alone and in the presence of excess bone marrow using a highly sensitive colony inhibition assay. Cells were pretreated with IT in the presence of lactose to block the native binding of ricin. The IT proved to be potent cytotoxins for the p65-positive cell lines, CEM and MOLT-4. Treatment with T101-ricin (1000 ng/ml) inhibited clonogenic activity of these lines by more than 5.1 logs. Less than 1 log of the inhibition at this dose was due to nonspecific killing by IT. Notably, the presence of excess bone marrow did not reduce IT toxicity against the leukemic populations. Comparison of IT concentrations which inhibited 50% of clonogenic activity showed that T101-ricin was 140- to 540-fold and VIII-1-ricin was 12- to 192-fold more toxic to p65-positive than to p65-negative cell lines. Neither unconjugated anti-p65 nor IT prepared with an irrelevant antibody inhibited clonogenic activity. Blocking of IT toxicity by unconjugated antibody further demonstrated that the antibody moiety of the IT directed the selective toxicity. We found that T101-ricin was more toxic for CEM cells than was VIII-1-ricin, even though blocking studies indicated that the two antibodies bind to proximal or identical epitopes. This report is unique in that an IT was shown to specifically eliminate greater than 99.99% of leukemic cells from human bone marrow. These findings indicate the utility of T101-ricin as an in vitro reagent for autologous bone marrow transplantation in treatment of T-cell leukemia.
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PMID:Elimination of clonogenic T-leukemic cells from human bone marrow using anti-Mr 65,000 protein immunotoxins. 637 99

Six patients exhibiting severe pancytopenia or overt leukemia associated with myelofibrosis after chemotherapy for malignant disease have been investigated by immunologic techniques and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Initially, five patients displayed severe thrombocytopenia contrasting with mild neutropenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsies showed a clear megakaryocytic proliferation and an excess of immature mononuclear cells. The demonstration of peroxidase activities at the ultrastructural level and immunofluorescence labeling with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including an antiplatelet glycoprotein Ib and an antiglycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, on blood or marrow cells, permitted identification of otherwise unidentifiable promegakaryoblastic proliferation. In two patients, the use of an immunoperoxidase technique with an antifactor VIII-R-Ag antibody has allowed direct confirmation of this diagnosis on bone marrow sections. This megakaryoblastic proliferation was not pure and was variably associated with blasts of other cell lines (erythroblasts or myeloblasts). Changes in the population of blasts were observed during evolution in two patients. The sixth patient had a mild thrombocytopenia associated with severe neutropenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsy displayed a myelofibrosis and immature cells, without megakaryocytic proliferation. Ultrastructural study revealed a pure basophil-mast cell proliferation. In conclusion, in five of six patients with secondary acute leukemia associated with myelofibrosis, a proliferation of promegakaryoblasts was demonstrated using both immunofluorescent and ultrastructural cytochemical techniques.
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PMID:Therapy-related leukemia associated with myelofibrosis. Blast cell characterization in six cases. 638 Jul 2

A child with megakaryoblastic transformation of Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia, complicated by myelofibrosis, is reported. The blastic cells were negative for myeloperoxidase by ultrastructural cytochemistry. They had Factor-VIII antigen and platelet glycoprotein but were negative for platelet peroxidase activity. This discrepancy seemed to be due to neoplastic origin of blastic cells.
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PMID:Megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in a child. 644 Feb 73

Serial measurements of enolase in the cerebrospinal fluid were made in 19 children with lymphoblastic leukaemia undergoing their first 6 weeks of antineoplastic treatment. The neurone-specific gamma enolase value rose appreciably in nearly all patients during the first two weeks of treatment, which comprised chemotherapy only, but the mean values for this isoenzyme failed to show any further rise during the subsequent cranial irradiation. In contrast the alpha enolase value, which is derived predominantly from glial tissue, rose progressively to attain its highest value during radiotherapy. A consideration of the likely rate of clearance of gamma enolase from the cerebrospinal fluid and the time sequence of administration of the several chemotherapeutic agents in UKALL VIII suggests that asparaginase may be the main causative agent in the rise of this marker of neuronal damage.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid enolase isoenzymes and neurotoxicity in early treatment of lymphoblastic leukaemia. 658 85

Factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C), factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:AG) and von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor, VIII:WF) were estimated in plasma from 37 patients with acute leukaemia. Of 25 patients in the active state of the disease, before or during cytostatic treatment, 19 (76%) showed abnormally high VIIIR:AG levels, between 240 and 780 U/100 ml. Fifteen of them also had elevated VIII:C and VIII:WF (184--480 U/100 ml and 182--360 U/100 ml respectively). The ratio of VIIIR:AG to VIII:C in this group of patients ranged from 0.53 to 4.39 with a mean of 1.35 +/- 0.8. Of 12 patients in partial or complete remission, only 3 (25%) had elevated VIIIR:AG. Four other patients showed high levels of VIII:C and normal values for VIIIR:AG and VIII:WF. The ratio of VIIIR:AG to VIII:C in the patients during remission ranged from 0.46 to 2.86 with a mean of 0.98 +/- 0.7. No relationship was apparent between the factor VIII-related activities and cytochemical type of leukaemia or leucocyte count in peripheral blood. Crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis of factor VIII protein which was performed in 5 patients with high levels of VIIIR:AG turned up to be completely normal. In the vast majority of patients, plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrinogen degradation products were within the normal range.
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PMID:[Factor VIII complex activities in acute leukemia]. 679 20

Thrombotic events have been reported in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients, especially during or after L-asparaginase administration. A so-called L-asparaginase associated coagulopathy has been well recognized, being characterized by a hypercoagulable state (decrease of antithrombin III, plasminogen, protein C, protein S and increase of prothrombin fragment F1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin complexes and fibrinopeptide A). The aim of this study was to determine whether the supplementation of antithrombin III (AT-III) concentrates could improve the L-asparaginase associated coagulopathy, thereby blocking the activation of the haemostatic system. In 25 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (M 19, F6, mean age 34 years) antithrombin III (AT-III) concentrates were administered at daily doses of 50 U/kg for 10 consecutive days from the beginning of L-asparaginase therapy (6,000 U/m2/day s.c. for 7 days), given according to the GIMEMA ALL 0288 trial. A marked increase of antithrombin III was recorded on days IV-VIII-XI (P < 0.001). No changes in protein C, protein S, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, factor VII and platelet count were observed and there was no increase in markers of hypercoagulability. There was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. In conclusion, AT-III concentrate supplementation during L-asparaginase therapy, by the achievement of high levels of antithrombin III, is associated with a lack of activation of the haemostatic system and appears to overcome the complex coagulopathy associated with L-asparaginase.
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PMID:Antithrombin III infusion suppresses the hypercoagulable state in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients treated with a low dose of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase. A GIMEMA study. 751 43

A series of SPM VIII analogs were synthesized to investigate the effect of the amino acid moiety on the antitumor activity. The L-threonine analog and the glycylglycine analog of SPM VIII showed much higher cytotoxicity to P388 murine leukemia cells (IC50 5.8 nM and 0.11 nM, respectively) than SPM VIII (IC50 25nM). However, replacement of the glycine moiety with other amino acids greatly reduced the antitumor activity against COL-1 human colon cancer xenograft model. This study indicated that the glycine moiety of SPM VIII is crucial for the antitumor effect.
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PMID:Synthesis and antitumor activities of glycine-exchanged analogs of spicamycin. 762 37


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