Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of the results of United Kingdom Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (UKALL) trials since 1972 showed that no improvement in remission or survival had been achieved over the 7 years up to 1979 for 1470 patients in trials UKALL II to VI. UKALL VII (1979-80) gave somewhat better results for a small group of good-prognosis patients. However, UKALL VIII, introduced in 1980, produced a 15-20% increase in 4-year disease-free survival compared with the best results of previous studies, despite a higher frequency of treatment-induced morbidity and mortality. Factors possibly contributing to this highly significant difference include the policy of continuing therapy without interruption during induction, a long course of intramuscular asparaginase over 3 weeks, full-dose mercaptopurine and co-trimoxazole during central-nervous-system prophylaxis, and the use of sustained maximum tolerated oral doses of mercaptopurine and methotrexate maintenance. An intensive sustained approach to chemotherapy in childhood ALL is needed, especially in the early stages of treatment.
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PMID:Improvement in treatment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The Medical Research Council UKALL trials, 1972-84. Report to the Council by the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood. 286 39

There have been several reports of the association between Down's Syndrome and acute megakaryoblastic (M7) leukemia (AMKL). The diagnosis of this rare form of leukemia has been better delineated by the use of the platelet peroxidase reaction and the antifactor VIII antibody immunoperoxidase test. In the past, the prognosis of patients with a combination of Down's Syndrome and AMKL has been extremely poor, with a median survival of 6.9 months for 11 reported cases in the literature. The present report reviews the previously reported cases and describes a unique patient with mosaic Down's syndrome and AMKL with favorable response to therapy.
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PMID:Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia associated with mosaic Down's syndrome. 295 56

The involvement of the central nervous system in acute leukemia was studied in 15 adult patient. 60% of the patients were up to 35 years of age and 12 of them (80%) were with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In 12 of the patients the nervous system was affected in the acute course of the disease, in one female patients--in the course of induction treatment and in the remaining patients--after the induction treatment. The manifestations of neuroleukemia are predominantly meningoradicular irritation with headache--in 86.7% of the patients, diplopia, papilledema, dysarthria and palpebral ptosis with affection of the cranial nerves (III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XII). In 12 patients (87.5%) blast cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid in numbers ranging from 70 up to 36,000/mm3. In 26.7% of the patients other extramedullary localizations of leukemia were found parallelly (testes, thyroid gland hypopharynx, muscles). The application of methotrexate intrathecally and radiation therapy of the cranium led to a remission in 43% of the patients. Favourable results with considerably prolonged survival can be achieved also in patients with many recurrences of the disease. The need of neuroleukemia prophylaxis is proved (it is obligatory for the patients with acute lymphatic leukemia and with some forms of acute myeloblastic leukemia).
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PMID:[Extramedullary localization of acute leukemia. I. The involvement of the central nervous system]. 316 77

As part of a central review of cell morphology in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), marrow smears from entrants to the Medical Research Council trial UKALL VIII, other than those from children with B-ALL, were studied prospectively for the presence or absence of blast cell vacuoles and for any clinical or biological relevance this feature might have. Adequate slides were available from 733 patients (88% of the trial entrants) after five with B ALL were excluded. Vacuolated blast cells (greater than 10%) were present in 204 (28%). The presence of vacuoles was associated with PAS positivity (chi 2 = 27.8; P less than 0.0001), a diagnostic white cell count (WBC) less than 50 x 10(9)/l (chi 2 = 13.1; P less than 0.0001), and the immunophenotype of 'common' ALL (CD10 positive) (chi 2 = 9.1; P less than 0.01). There was no clear association with French-American-British (FAB) type L1 or L2. The 204 patients with vacuoles had a significantly superior disease free survival compared to the remainder (2P = 0.01), a difference which remained significant when the analysis was stratified by FAB type (2P = 0.01), age (2P = 0.02) or sex (2P = 0.02), but which was lost when stratified by WBC (2P = 0.06). These findings provide further evidence that, outside the context of B-ALL, vacuoles are indicative of a relatively benign disease which responds well to therapy. The French-American-British (FAB) classification should be modified to take this into account.
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PMID:Blast cell vacuoles in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. 319 Oct 29

Cells of the myelomonocytic leukemia cell line RC-2A were studied for their ability to synthesize clotting-promoting and fibrinolytic factors. The cells were observed to generate procoagulant activity (PCA) in readily measurable quantities. Incubation of RC-2A cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 3 ng/ml) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 10 micrograms/ml) for 18 h resulted in a 4-5-fold increase in PCA relative to unstimulated control. The PCA of RC-2A cells was tissue factor-like in that it was dependent on factor VII but not on factors VIII or IX. RC-2A cells also produced plasminogen activator (PA). Secreted PA was approximately 70% of the PA of an identical number of human monocyte-derived macrophages; fresh isolated monocytes synthesized virtually no PA. Compared to macrophages, RC-2A cells secreted less or no PA-inhibitors. Lysates of RC-2A cells contained over three times more PA than lysed macrophages. Stimulation of the cells with lectins (PHA, concanavalin A) or PMA was followed by a modest (2-3-fold) increase in PA. Enzyme immunoassay with antibodies to urokinase (u-PA) or tissue-type PA (t-PA) identified the RC-2A plasminogen activator as being of urokinase type.
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PMID:Cells of the human myelomonocytic line RC-2A synthesize tissue factor-like procoagulant and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. 329 13

A series of hydrazine derivatives was tested for antineoplastic activity. Cyanoacetic acid hydrazide (I), cyanoacetic acid methylhydrazide (II) and N-thioamido-N'-cyano-acethylhydrazine (VI) appeared to be the most active agents against sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma and Nemeth Kellner lymphoma. The maximum tumor weight inhibition ranged from 70 to 90%. N, N'-bis-cyano-acethylhydrazine (IV) and N-isonicotinoyl-hydrazine (VIII) showed significant antitumor activity in Ehrlich carcinoma and Nemeth Kellner lymphoma systems. None of hydrazine derivatives were active against L1210 leukemia. The most active agents, I, II and VI were further evaluated in leukemia P388, melanoma B16, Lewis lung carcinoma and mammary carcinoma 16/C, and the agent VI was additionally tested in plasmacytoma MP26, colon carcinoma 26 abd Walker carcinosarcoma 256 systems. However, there was no effect with any agent or dose tested against any neoplasm.
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PMID:Antineoplastic activity of new linear hydrazine derivatives. 344 37

As part of the Medical Research Council Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII, 738 unselected children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) had the morphology of their marrow blast cells reviewed by a panel of three haematologists. Ninety four (13%) showed appearances classifiable as type L2 by the French American and British (FAB) cooperative group's criteria, five (0.7%) were typed L3, and the remaining 639 (86%) as L1. Disregarding the patients classified as L3, those with the L2 variant showed an inferior disease free survival to that of the remainder (p less than 0.01), and more of them failed to remit after receiving "standard" remission induction treatment (p less than 0.01). They included an excess of older children (p less than 0.01) with less profound marrow failure at diagnosis, and fewer of them expressed the common ALL antigen (p = 0.05). There was no association between L2 morphology and the diagnostic white cell count, sex, or the presence of a mediastinal mass. These findings confirm earlier reports that FAB L2 ALL is associated with a poor prognosis and that it occurs more commonly in older children. The high remission failure rate is a recent observation and indicates that alternative early treatment may be appropriate for such patients.
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PMID:French American British (FAB) morphological classification of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia and its clinical importance. 346 68

Three hundred and twenty consecutive children with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), treated on the Medical Research Council UKALL VIII schedule, had their Romanowsky stained diagnostic marrows reviewed for the presence of azurophil granules in blast cell cytoplasm. Twenty patients (7%) had greater than 5% blasts showing this feature; 19 had the cell phenotype of "common ALL." Male children and those with French-American-British (FAB) L2 morphology predominantly showed this feature. There was also a strong correlation between granularity and non-diffuse acid phosphate positivity, but no obvious difference between the 20 patients in their response to treatment emerged during a minimum follow up of 15 months. The "granular" variant occurs in around 7% of children with ALL, but has no clear prognostic importance. Morphologists should be aware of its existence and incidence to avoid confusion with acute myeloid leukaemia.
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PMID:Granular acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood: a morphological phenomenon. 347 Mar 17

Some 1-aryl-N,N'-di-[2-(1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)]methylendiamines were synthetized and tested against lymphocytic murine leukemia P 388. Compounds (I)-(III), (VIII)-(XII) and (XVIII)-(XIX) showed significant by prolongation the survival time of tumor-bearing mice (T/C% 129-194).
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PMID:[Compounds with potential antitumor activity. IV. Synthesis and antileukemic activity of 1-aryl-N,N'-di-[2-(1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)]methylenediamine]. 378 Sep 59

437 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have been treated at 9 different institutions in Austria utilizing common protocols and central registration between 1974 and 1984. 227 patients (132 boys and 95 girls, group I) were treated between 1974 and 1980 using 3 consecutive protocols (KMK, O 76, A 78), which were essentially derived from the Memphis studies VII and VIII. Patients with a high risk of relapse were treated according to the LSA 2-L2 protocol. 210 patients (112 boys and 98 girls, group II) were consecutively treated following the BFM protocols 76/79 and 81/83. In this group, treatment intensity was adjusted to the initially determined individual risk of relapse (BFM risk score or risk factor). To date, the life table analysis demonstrates that the probability of continuous complete remission for patients in group II is 60% after 5 and 3 years (BFM 76/79 and BFM 81/83, respectively), whereas group I reaches a level of 37.3%. The prognostic difference between risk and non-risk patients in both studies of group II was eliminated. Despite a higher morbidity and non-leukaemia-related mortality in group II, the therapeutic success can be attributed to the intensification of induction therapy.
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PMID:[Cooperative studies in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children in Austria--report of 10 years' experience]. 388 79


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