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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It was found that supernatant from a PHA-stimulated 3-day-old culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy people had the ability of stimulating blastic transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of other healthy people. The same amount of supernatant caused a much lower blastic transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. The tested supernatant caused no increase in the degree of blastic transformation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
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PMID:[Effect of supernatant from PHA-stimulated lymphocyte culture on blastic transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy controls and patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia]. 98 71

The authors reported of three individuals observations -- three siblings in a family -- of acute lymphoid leukaemia. Cytogenetic studies carried out in peripheral blood, lymphocyte cultures with PHA, in two patients and in several relatives, showed numerical and structural alterations. The third patient died before the cytogenetic studies were done.
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PMID:Familial leukaemia. A report of three cases of acute leukaemia in a Brazilian family. 106 63

Three male patients with leukemia were found with banding techniques to have unusual cytogenetic pictures in the cells of their marrow, spleen or blood. Case No. 1 (78 yr old) was that of a Ph1-negative CML with a missing Y in the blood (cultured without PHA) and marrow cells. The patient is still alive and responding to therapy. Case No 2 (54 yr old) was considered prior to admission to have either CML or AML, but was shown, in fact, to be in the blastic phase of CML; all the cells in his marrow and spleen were Ph1-positive, but with no evidence of a translocation. Other karyotypic findings (+8, +11, +13, +21) frequently encountered in the blastic phase of CML were present in the cells of this patient. Case No. 3 (50 yr old) with AML was shown to have a Ph1 resulting from a standard translocation, i.e., [t(9;22) (q34;q11)], in a substantial number of the cells in the marrrow and blood (cultured without PHA). The implications of these unusual findings are discussed in relation to the chromosomal pictures usually encountered in these states.
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PMID:Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XXI. Cytogenetically unusual cases of leukemia. 106 75

PHA stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and/or leukemic cells has been studied in 65 patients with acute leukemia before any prior treatment. There were 38 patients with A.L.L. and 27 with A.M.L. In relapsing A.L.L. 15 observations were made before reinduction therapy. In about 40% of all the cultures PHA stimulation was done simultaneously with PWM-stimulation. Before any treatment normal lymphocytes showed a normal response, being however somewhat diminished at relapse. Most of the cases of A.M.L. had so many leukemic cells in peripheral blood that no reliable measure of stimulation of the few lymphocytes left was possible. In A.L.L. this was however possible in about 30% of all the cases studied. In cultures of the predominantly leukemic cells, lymphoblasts showed a positive response in a minority of cases studied. If the peripheral WBC-count was high, a response was usually absent. In some of the cases of A.M.L., the leukemic cells reacted to PHA and PWM. Unexpected but very remarkable is our finding that in the control cultures, without added mitogen, the incorporation of labelled 3H-thymidine was usually very high in A.M.L. contrasting with A.L.L. leukemic cells who incorporated very little of the label. These striking differences were observed both in 72 and 144 hours cultures and were not caused by differences in viability between these two leukemic cell-types. The capacity of A.L.L.-leukemic cells to form E ("T") and EAC ("B") rosettes was studied in 20 cases. The percentages of rosette forming lymphoblasts differed widely from patient to patient. It is concluded that in A.L.L. leukemic cells are in a minority immuno-competent cells and it is suggested that the lymphoblast is an immature cell, arrested in the maturation towards a T-lymphocyte, the degree of maturity differing from patient to patient. Furthermore the striking difference in spontaneous labelling of myeloid versus lymphoblastic leukemic cells seems to be helpful in the differential diagnosis and may in part explain the well known differences in prognosis and behaviour towards cytostatics between these main leukemia types.
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PMID:T-cell qualities of lymphocytes and/or leukemic cells from peripheral blood in acute myeloid and lymphatic leukemia before treatment and at relapse. 108 49

Three patients with Fanconi's anemia were analyzed for chromosome breaks. T and B cells were separated and grown in tissue culture with PHA and pokeweed antigen to ascertain the rates of breakage in these lymphocytic subpopulations. It has been found that there is no statistically significant difference in breakage rates in T and B lymphocytes. It is postulated that both T and B cells could be involved in the development of leukemia in Fanconi's anemia patients, assuming that chromosome breaks constitute a factor predisposing to the development of malignancy.
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PMID:Chromosomal breaks in T and B lymphocytes in Fanconi's anemia. 108 38

Purified proteins (Pa-1 and Pa-2) from pokeweed have been compared with commercial pokeweed mitogen (PWM-G) and other mitogens in their ability to stimulate human lymphocytes. With cultures of T and B cells separated from tonsil lymphocytes, thymidine uptake, blast transformation and immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis have been measured. IgM and IgG was measured in supernates of stimulated cultures by radioimmunoassay. Pa-1, Pa-2 and PWM-G were found to be potent mitogens for unseparated tonsil lymphocytes or nylon column purified T cells. Pa-2 was found to be active at lower concentrations than Pa-1, and PWM-G was less potent than the purified mitogens. These three mitogens all stimulated unseparated lymphocytes to secrete large quantities of Ig (20-100 mug/ml) during 7 days in culture. With increasing amounts of mitogens severe decreases in immunoglobulin synthesis were observed at day 6 even with doses which were still optimal for stimulation of thymidine uptake at days 3 and 6. With purified B cells (less than 2% T cells) Pa-1 was the best mitogen for thymidine incorporation. However, the secretory response was very variable. In some experiments B cells did not secrete Ig in response to mitogens; in others Pa-1 was clearly more effective at stimulating secretion than Pa-2 or PWM-G and in some experiments B cells were stimulated by all three. In one experiment Pa-1 stimulated prolymphocytic leukaemia cells to blast transformation and the secretion of IgM. It is concluded that Pa-1, Pa-2 and PWM-G are much better activators of Ig synthesis in human cultures than either PHA or LPS and that Pa-1 is the most reliable B-cell stimulant of the three.
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PMID:The effects of purified mitogenic proteins (Pa-1 and Pa-2) from pokeweed on human T and B lymphocytes in vitro. 108 10

Seventeen children of 2-15 years of age with newly diagnosed untreated acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) were evaluated with a number of immunological tests: for humoral immunity serum immunoglobulins and reactive antibody formation against three antigens (diphtheria, tetanus, KLH); for cell-mediated immunity in vitro response of blood lymphocytes against PHA; membrane characteristics of blood lymphocytes and lymphoid blasts for both B and T cells. The tests were repeated in thirteen patients who attained full remission. In the majority (twelve cases) no surface markers were detected (null-cell leukaemia), one patient fulfilled the criteria for a T-cell leukaemia with thymoma. Four patients had rather high absolute B-cell counts, but did not fulfill all the criteria for B-cell leukaemia; three of them died before remission. Immune globulin concentrations were only slightly changed, antibody formation, both primary and anamnestic, was possible. PHA response was extremely low in the initial phase, but normal immediately after remission. During remission all patients were markedly depleted in both their B- and T-cell compartment.
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PMID:Studies on the immune status of children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia. I. Early phase before and after first remission. 108 93

Differentiation of hemopoietic cells appears to depend upon specific interactions of certain cell-factors. The phenotypic abnormality in leukemia may involve an impairment in these interactions. In this report we present some of our views of leukemogenesis with respect to cell-factor interaction and the feasibility of experimental approaches to this problem. In culture, the interaction of myelogenous cells with factor(s) leading to differentiation can be measured either with a suspension mass culture method or by a solid (semi-soft) clonal method. The protein factors that support the growth of hemopoietic cells in suspension culture are termed growth stimulating factors (GSA) and in semi-solid culture, colony stimulating factors (CSA). Studies using conditioned medium prepared from phytohemagglutinin stimulated human lymphocytes (PHA-LyCM) and whole human embryo cells (WHE) revealed that GSA and CSA were not identical for growth of either normal human or leukemic leukocytes. In some cases maturation of leukemic leukocytes was observed. Fractionation of PHA-LyCM showed that there are three peaks for CSA. Each peak contains different fractions for supporting cellular proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of precursor cells in suspension culture. Apparently, each contains heterogenous species of protein factors some of which functionally overlap, while others do not.
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PMID:The phenotypic abnormality in leukemia: a defective cell-factor interaction? 108 22

LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) induces an immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) in C57BL/6 mice which resembles immunological abnormalities observed in early stages of human AIDS. In our study, MAIDS virus-infected mice were exposed to low doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) before and after virus inoculation and compared with MAIDS-infected but not UVR-exposed mice. In all tested parameters (blood IgM levels; mitogenic responses to PHA, ConA, LPS and anti-mu; MLR; antigenic response to SRBC; enlargement and histopathologic changes of the spleen) we observed the same trend: changes due to MAIDS infection were more pronounced in the UVR-exposed group than in the unexposed group. Statistically significant differences between these two groups were seen for mitogenic responses at two different time points after virus inoculation. These results demonstrate that in vivo UVR exposure enhances the immunosuppressive effects of a retroviral infection. UVR exposure may affect the progression of AIDS in a similar manner.
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PMID:In vivo exposure to ultraviolet radiation enhances pathogenic effects of murine leukemia virus, LP-BM5, in murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 133 87

We have investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating IFN-gamma production in human T lymphocytes stimulated by NK cell stimulatory factor (NKSF/IL-12). We show that NKSF synergizes with IL-2 and phorbol diesters inducing the accumulation of IFN-gamma mRNA in PHA-activated T cell blasts. NKSF regulates IFN-gamma mRNA expression in PHA blasts and the T leukemia cell line, TALL-103/2, at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. NKSF increases the transcriptional rate for IFN-gamma in both these cell types, as determined by nuclear run-on analysis. However, synergy between NKSF and IL-2 can be demonstrated only at the level of mRNA stability, and both cytokines are required to increase IFN-gamma mRNA half-life.
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PMID:Mechanisms of IFN-gamma induction by natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF/IL-12). Role of transcription and mRNA stability in the synergistic interaction between NKSF and IL-2. 134 92


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