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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 22 children with lymphoblastic leukaemia peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied during 2.5 years of remission-maintaining treatment, and in 7 cases also after stopping treatment. Lymphocytes T and B were identified and lymphocyte surface receptors for complement and for the Fc fragment of IgF were determined. The immunological reactivity of lymphocytes was determined also using the test of PHA-induced blastic transformation. It was found that prolonged chemotherapy caused depression of lymphocytes B in the first place. A fall was observed also in the proportion of cells undergoing transformation. It was shown that after cessation of treatment PHA-reactivity and normal values of lymphocyte subpopulations returned.
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PMID:[Immunological characteristics of lymphocytes during intensive treatment maintaining remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and following withdrawal from chemotherapy]. 28 75

Sixteen chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients in remission were tested with solubilized membrane antigens from CML leukaemic cells, CML blasts, AML blasts and ALL blasts for cellular immunity in vitro by lymphocyte transformation (LT) and leucocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assays. Twelve CML patients in remission were tested with allogeneic PHA-transformed normal lymphoblasts. As controls, peripheral-blood leucocytes from 9 healthy persons were tested with the same antigen preparations. It was seen that 8/16 (50%) CML patients responded to CML antigens by both LT and LMI assays, while 5/16 (31%) patients reacted to CML blasts and 44% (7/16) patients reacted to AML blast antigens. It was interesting to note that 5/11 (45%) CML patients reacted to ALL blast antigens by both assays. One out of 12 patients reacted to PHA-transformed lymphoblasts. None of the healthy controls reacted to leukaemia-associated antigens. The results suggest the sharing of antigens between myeloid leukaemic cells, myeloid blasts and lymphoid blasts.
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PMID:Cellular sensitization in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients to leukaemic blast antigens. 29 50

We derived a permanent human T lymphocyte cell line that elaborates a potent colony-stimulating activity (CSA). The line was established with spleen cells from a patient with a T lymphocyte variant of hairy-cell leukemia. These cells form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, show a proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, and are lysed by antithymocyte globulin. They do not synthesize immunoglobulin, nor do they contain Epstein-Barr virus. CSA is regularly detected in the supernatant medium after 3 days culture. In the presence of PHA there is augmented elaboration of CSA; maximal activity is reached by 2 days and is 20% greater than that produced by a feeder layer of 1 X 10(6) peripheral blood leukocytes. One microliter of the supernatant material stimulated colony formation from the light-density nonadherent fraction of human bone marrow; there was maximal activity between 10 and 50 microliter/ml. Conditioned medium from these cells has little effect in stimulating CFU-C from murine bone marrow. The availability of a human T lymphocyte line producing CSA will provide a source for large quantities of the lymphocyte-derived hormone and permit a definition of factors modulating the interaction of T lymphocytes with granulocyte and monocyte stem cells.
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PMID:Human T lymphocyte cell line producing colony-stimulating activity. 30 24

Based on the presence or absence of erythrocyte receptors(E) a T cell marker, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), can be divided into E+ALL and E-ALL. We studied cell surface antigens on blasts from 12 children with untreated ALL: eight with E-ALL and four with E+ALL. Heterologous antisera were raised against thymus cells, E+ and E-ALL blasts, appropriately absorbed and tested by immunofluorescence and a radiolabeled antibody assay with normal and leukemic lymphoid cells. By both methods, anti-thymus and anti-E+ALL sera reacted with human thymocytes. Specific binding of anti-E+ALL serum to T antigens was indicated by the fact that a single absorption with thymocytes abolished its binding to allogenic thymocytes, and the reactivity of anti-E+ALL serum with thymus, blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was similar to that of anti-thymus serum. After exhaustive absorption with blood leukocytes, anti-E+ALL and E-ALL sera were negative against normal lymphocytes and bone marrow cells from children with ALL in remission. Anti-thymus and anti-E+ALL sera reacted with blasts from patients with E+ALL, but not with E-ALL. In contrast, anti-E+ALL serum reacted with 40 to 96% of blasts from all children with E-ALL, whereas of the four patients with E+ALL, two were negative and two had the lowest percentage of immunofluorescent cells (10 to 22%). These results were confirmed with the radiolabeled antibody assay. Patients with active E-ALL had cells bearing E-ALL antigen(s) in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, but the number of immunofluorescent cells was lower in blood. Cells reactive with anti-E-ALL serum did not react with thymus cells, blood lymphocytes, remission bone marrow cells, Raji cells, PWM and PHA-induced blasts and CLL cells bearing mIg (uk). These data suggest that the antigen detected on E-ALL blasts by anti-E-ALL serum is neither a HLA-related nor a cell differentiation antigen. Thus, by using antiserum to E+ALL blasts, we have confirmed the presence of a T cell-specific antigen(s) on E+ALL cells. This antiserum did not recognize other leukemia-associated antigens common to E+ and E-ALL. We have also demonstrated an antigen(s) which is regularly expressed on E-ALL blasts and is either not detectable or is present in a lower proportion of E+ALL blasts.
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PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) antigens detected with antisera to E rosette-froming and non-E rosette-forming ALL blasts. 31 69

Twenty-two patients with lymphocytosis and sometimes accompanied by splenomegaly selected from our difficult diagnostic cases over the past two years are presented. The clinical and laboratory features pointed to one of the following: chronic lymphatic leukaemia without lymphadenopathy, lymphosarcoma or other lymphoreticular tumour, tropical splenomegaly syndrome with a lymphatic leukaemoid reaction. The precise diagnosis was usually made by haemotological laboratory tests - viz. (a) Lymphocytes transformation test (LTT) (b) Serum/Plasma IgM estimation. It was found that: (1) There was markedly raised IgM in the responders i.e. patients with Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome (TSS) whose spleens regressed following treatment with antimalarials, contrasting the normal levels of IgM in the non-responders to antimalarial therapy. (2) The PHA - Lymphocytes Transformation in the TSS was normal while that of Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia (CLL) was abnormally low. These combined tests (LTT & IgM) are recommended as investigations for leukaemoid reactions involving lymphocytes.
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PMID:The use of lymphocyte transformation and IgM estimation as diagnostic aids in leukaemoid reactions. 52 52

The peripheral blood cells, spleen cells and bone marrow cells from a patient with hairy cell leukaemia were studied by means of several immunological methods and by phase contrast and electron microscopy. Both by light and electron microscopy the cells had the morphology of hairy cells. 60 % of all the peripheral blood cells, and 80 % of the spleen cells had membrane-bound IgGk immunoglobulin. 60 % of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and 90 % of the spleen cells were positive for Ia-antigens, and 80 % of the peripheral blood, and 70 % of the spleen cells had receptors for complement factor C3. The percentages of cells with receptor for the Fc part of IgC and receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were low both in peripheral blood and in spleen. Reduced numbers of peroxidase positive cells and cytotoxic plaque-forming cells were also observed as well as reduced lymphocyte responses after stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with PHA, PWM, ConA, PPD and allogeneic cells. A normal antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and PHA-induced cytotoxicity was observed for the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients. Our results suggest that the hairy cells in our patient are derived from B lymphocytes and have a monoclonal origin.
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PMID:Characterization of peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow cells from a patient with hairy cell leukaemia. 54 2

Immunological function was investigated in patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, both in the untreated stage of the disease and in remission. IgM concentrations were found to be raised in 7 out of 29 patients during the untreated stage. There were only minimal changes in 1gG, 1gA and C' concentrations, and in the incidence of auto-antibodies to normal tissue components. Reactions to standard skin tests were considerably impaired--only 2 out of 10 leukaemic patients in remission responded to 2 or more of these tests. Furthermore the response in leukaemic patients was much weaker than in the corresponding controls. PHA stimulation of lymphocytes from patients in remission showed considerable variation from near normal to gross impairment but a response below 40% of normal was associated with a short remission period, suggesting that PHA stimulation may be a useful indication of the likelihood of relapse.
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PMID:Non-specific immunological function in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. 80 2

A saline extractable human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) has been detected in immunodiffusion using rabbit antisera raised to human thymus extracts. HThy-L was demonstrated in extracts of normal thymocytes, lymphocytes from E-rosetting T-cell lines and from the blast cells of patients with E-rosetting acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Extracts of leukemic cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and E-rosette-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia contained significantly lower quantities of HThy-L. Only trace amounts of the antigen were detected in normal spleen tonsil, peripheral blood, bone marrow and PHA-induced lymphoblasts. HThy-L appears to be an antigen associated with the intrathymic differentiation of human T cells and a marker of leukemic cells in certain forms of acute leukemia.
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PMID:Human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen in normal and leukemic cells. 82 76

Leucocytes from normal donors and leukemia patients were isolated and lebelled in vitro with 32P-orthophosphate in order to compare labelling characteristics of nuclear high-molecular weight RNA, labelling characteristics, nucleotide compositions and oligonucleotide frequencies of ribosomal 28 S RNA. These studies revealed 1. structural microheterogeneity of 28 S RNA between the various leukemia cells studies without presenting a leukemia-specific structural marker, 2. an impaired production of ribosomal 28 S RNA from its nuclear precursor 45 S RNA in acute myeloblastic leukemia compared to PHA-stimulated normal lymphocytes. In the second part of this work, the influence of RNA from immunocompetent lymphocytes on the PHA-stimulation of M. Hodgkin lymphocytes was analyzed; the third part deals with studies on macromolecular carriers forcytostatic anthracyclines in human leukemia cells.
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PMID:[Macromolecular biochemistry of normal and pathological white blood cells in man]. 83 49

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 patients were cultured in vitro in the presence of autologous peripheral serum and bone marrow blood serum, with and without PHA stimulation. Bone marrow serum showed a well defined effect, in the absence of PHA stimulation, on lymphocytes from 4 patients (2 affected by acute leukaemia, 1 by megaloblastic anemia and 1 by benign idiopathic paraproteinaemia), and a less defined effect on lymphocytes from 2 donors (1 affected by iron deficiency anemia and 1 by thalassemia minor). No difference attributable to the source of blood serum was observed in PHA stimulated cultures. These results do not allow defined statements. Peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro were affected by bone marrow blood serum only in some subjects. A clear cut correlation between this effect and the clinical features of our patients was not evident.
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PMID:[Blastogenetic activity of medullary blood serum of patients with various blood diseases]. 90 42


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