Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1983-1988 bone marrow samples obtained from 195 peroxidase-negative leukemia patients were analyzed for their surface antigens. Thirteen of these patients (6.7%) had myelomonocytic-positive and lymphoid-negative antigens. These leukemic cells reacted with CD13 in eight patients, CD33 in seven, CD11 in six and CDw41 in two. In none of these patients did the leukemic cells react with CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD19 or CD20. Leukemic cells from two patients were reactive with CD7. These leukemic cells demonstrated L2 morphology in 11 patients and L1 morphology in one patient. The leukemic cells from the final patient were diagnosed as those of leukemic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome. Chromosomal abnormality was observed in approximately half of the patients examined (6/10). Cytochemical analysis revealed that the leukemic cells were negative for periodic acid Schiff stain but positive for acid phosphatase. The prognosis of these patients was markedly poor as compared to acute lymphocytic leukemia or typical peroxidase-positive nonlymphocytic leukemia. Complete remission was induced in only 30% of patients and duration of survival was short (4.7 months). This suggests that myelomonocytic antigen-positive peroxidase-negative acute leukemia is a distinct type of leukemia and may require more aggressive therapy to improve survival.
 ...
PMID:Peroxidase-negative and myelomonocytic antigen-positive acute leukemia. 132 47

In a prospective study on 44 cases of T-cell origin acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 patients were found to display an immature immunophenotype (CD7+, CD4-, CD8-, CD1-) and were classified as T-stem cell leukemia (T-SCL). Twenty-four patients expressed CD4 and/or CD8 antigens on their blast cells, designated T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The T-SCL subset showed a significantly higher median age, a more frequent incidence of extramedullary leukemia, a morphology L1 in most cases, and a poor response to treatment in terms of either complete remission rate or median survival duration. In addition, significant differences between the two groups were found in evaluating the number of days of blast disappearance from peripheral blood, of CR achievement, and of neutrophils and platelets recovery. We conclude that T-SCL represents a distinct clinical entity, characterized by a poor response to ALL conventional chemotherapy. Alternative therapeutic approaches should be developed for patients suffering from this form of leukemia, to modify its severe prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Clinical relevance of immunological dissection in T-ALL: a report on 20 cases with stem cell (CD7+, CD4-, CD8-, CD1-) phenotype. 137 1

The cDNA encoding the murine CD1.1 and CD1.2 gene products were isolated and their complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of these molecules were similar to human CD1. The sequences in the alpha 1- alpha 3 domains were almost identical to previously reported genomic clones from a different strain, indicating limited polymorphism among these molecules. The predicted amino acid sequence in the transmembrane region and in the cytoplasmic tail was identical for CD1.1 and CD1.2. The two cDNA were also homologous in the 5' untranslated region but diverged in the 3' untranslated region. In contrast to human CD1, which is expressed at high levels in thymus, the expression of CD1 message in murine thymus was not detected in either thymus leukemia Ag positive or negative strains. Cell expressing murine CD1.1 were generated after transfer of the CD1.1 cDNA into murine cell lines. Immunoprecipitation with a rat anti-mouse CD1.1 mAb showed that the transfected CD1 was expressed on the cell surface as a beta 2-microglobulin-linked heterodimer. These results demonstrate that the murine and human CD1 genes, although encoding homologous transmembrane glycoproteins, are expressed in distinct tissues and may serve different functions.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and expression of cDNA encoding the murine homologues of CD1. 170 17

Purified CD3-4- thymocytes were obtained by depletion of CD3+ and CD4+ cells from fresh thymocyte suspensions. 5-15% of these cells were found to express CD16 antigen, while other natural killer (NK) cell markers were virtually absent. Double fluorescence analysis revealed that 20-40% of thymic CD16+ cells coexpressed CD1, while approximately half were cyCD3+. When cultured in the presence of peripheral blood lymphocytes and H9 leukemia cell line as a source of irradiated feeder cells and interleukin 2 (IL-2), CD3-4- thymocytes underwent extensive proliferation. In addition, after 1-2 wk of culture, 30-50% of these cells were found to express CD16 surface antigen. Cloning under limiting dilution conditions of either CD3-4- or CD3-4-16- thymocytes in the presence of irradiated H9 cells resulted in large proportions (approximately 50%) of CD16+ clones. On the basis of the expression of surface CD16 and/or cyCD3 antigen, clones could be grouped in the following subsets: CD16+ cyCD3+; CD16+ cyCD3-; CD16- cyCD3+; and CD16- cyCD3-. All clones expressed CD56 surface antigen, displayed a strong cytolytic activity against NK sensitive (K562) and NK-resistant (M14) target cells, and produced IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-2. Similar to peripheral NK cells, thymic CD16+ cells expressed transcripts for CD16 and for CD3 epsilon (Biassoni, R., S. Ferrini, I. Prigione, A. Moretta, and E.O. Long, 1988. J. Immunol. 140:1685.) and zeta chains (Anderson, P., M. Caligiuri, J. Ritz, and S.F. Schlossman. 1989. Nature [Lond.]. 341:159). Therefore, it appears that cells that are phenotypically and functionally similar to CD3- CD16+ NK cells may arise from immature thymocytes.
 ...
PMID:In vitro proliferation and cloning of CD3- CD16+ cells from human thymocyte precursors. 171 62

Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) constitutes the common light chain of both the MHC-encoded HLA-ABC molecules and a group of structurally related glycoproteins recognized by antibodies of the first cluster of differentiation (CD1a, CD1b and CD1c). These CD1 antigens appear similar to murine T1 and Qa molecules in terms of structure and tissue distribution, although the question of inter-species homology is controversial. A further group of alloantigens expressed predominantly on T cells has been reported however, with immunogenetic characteristics more closely analogous to the murine T1/Qa system than the CD1 antigens, although their precise identity remains ill-defined. Having previously shown that malignant B cells may express membrane CD1c, we examined leukaemic B-cells corresponding to early lymphoblastic differentiation (null- and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) through to the terminal plasma cell stage for the expression of other non-HLA class I beta 2m-associated molecules. It was found that leukaemic B-cells at intermediate/late stages of differentiation, represented by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) and 'hairy-cell' leukaemia (HCL), had significantly higher beta 2m:HLA-ABC ratios than did the cells from other types of B-cell malignancy. Although leukaemic B cells with a demonstrable non HLA-ABC-associated beta 2m component expressed detectable levels of CD1c, and insignificant levels of CD1a and CD1b, the antigen density was insufficient to account for the excess beta 2m. In vitro stimulation of leukaemic B cells by phorbol ester substantially increased the expression of HLA-ABC and CD1c, but also accentuated further the difference between the expression of these molecules and that of beta 2m. There was no detectable beta 2m other than that associated with HLA-ABC and CD1 on the surface of malignant T cells by contrast. Our findings strongly support the existence, at certain stages of leukaemic B-cell differentiation, of an additional beta 2m component(s) other than that associated with HLA-ABC and CD1.
 ...
PMID:The MHC class I associated beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) light chain is expressed in a molar excess over HLA-ABC and CD1 on the membrane of leukaemic B cells but not leukaemic T cells: evidence for further beta 2m-associated molecules. 171 10

Phenotypes of cells from 12 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were analysed by means of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A majority of the cells from peripheral blood coexpressed the antigens against MAbs CD11, CD13, and CD33 but did not express the antigens against CD1, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD41 and 42, and glycophorin A. Three out of the 12 cases expressed CD7 antigen. However, one of them showed no reaction with Tp40 MAb, whereas the others showed reaction with Leu9 and T55. The discrepancy of reactivities between Leu9 and Tp40 MAbs prompted us to study the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, which showed similar reactions against Leu9 and Tp40 MAbs. Leu9, OKT16, and T55 MAbs reacted strongly with HL60 cells, whereas Tp40 MAb, which reacted strongly with T-cell leukemia cell line Jurkat, showed no reaction. The reactivity of Leu9, OKT16, and T55 MAbs with HL-60 cells was completely inhibited after preincubation with aggregated human immunoglobulin G (AHIG), which clearly shows the existence of nonspecific binding between these 3 MAbs and HL-60 cells via Fc gamma R. On the basis of our experiments, we conclude that HL-60 cells bind nonspecifically with Leu9, OKT16, and T55 MAbs via FcRI, and this is suggestive that de novo AML cells probably behave in the same fashion. Hence, we recommend that the utilization of murine IgG2a and IgG3 MAbs should be avoided especially in cell surface analysis of myeloid leukemic cells.
 ...
PMID:CD7 false-positive acute myelogenous leukemia and promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60: characterization of CD7 epitopes by four monoclonal antibodies. 171 52

In acute leukemia residual disease is usually monitored by morphology. The precision of this approach can be improved by several methods including the investigation of chromosomal abnormalities by conventional cytogenetics, flow karyotyping, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the analysis of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes by Southern blotting and PCR. Immunologic methods represent a reliable option for studying residual disease in approximately half of the patients with acute leukemia. This strategy is based on the observation that some marker combinations are expressed on leukemic blasts but are absent or rarely present in normal peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) or cerebrospinal fluid cells. In patients with T cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, even one cell simultaneously expressing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and CD3, CD5 or CD1 amongst 10(5) PB or BM cells indicates residual disease. Some cases of B lineage and myeloid acute leukemias also exhibit phenotypes potentially useful for monitoring response to treatment. Such phenotypes are identified by double or triple color staining techniques using fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. Independent studies have demonstrated that detection of cells with leukemia-associated phenotypes in BM samples of patients in clinic and morphologic remission heralds the recurrence of leukemia. It is likely that a combination of techniques will be needed to monitor the majority of patients with acute leukemia. Advantages and disadvantages of individual methods should be determined in comparative preclinic investigations. These studies should yield sufficient information to initiate the testing of therapeutic strategies planned according to the data provided by use of modern sensitive techniques.
 ...
PMID:The definition of remission in acute leukemia with immunologic techniques. 179 Apr 23

To identify the biological characteristics of so called stem cell leukemia (SCL), of which leukemic blast cells should be derived from pluripotent stem cells, immunophenotypical and genotypical analysis and response to several hematopoietic cytokines were studied in 272 cases with acute de novo leukemia. In 132 cases with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), some cases of CD19+ and/or CD7+ AML were considered as SCL. In cases with myeloperoxidase negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), cases of CD7 + CD1 - CD3 - CD4 - CD8 - My-Ag (myeloid antigens) +ALL, considered as those of T-precursor ALLs, and cases of HLA-DR + CD19 + CD20 - My-Ag + ALL, considered as those of B-precursor ALLs, were though to be SCL. We did not think the cases of ALL with dual genotype to be SCL, since dual genotype could not be considered as sings of ability to differentiate to multilineage but as products of the process of active V-DJ rearrangements of Ig heavy chain gene.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis of stem cell leukemias in view of phenotypic and genotypic analysis]. 189 Jul 37

The effects of the recombinant human cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-7 on the proliferation of T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) cells were tested in a clonogenic assay. Highly purified leukaemic cells were obtained by immunomagnetic depletion of mature T cells and fluorescence-activated cell sorting for immature leucocyte markers (CD1, CD10, CD34). Of 9 cases tested, only 3 showed evidence of stimulation by cytokines. One was stimulated by both IL-2 and IL-7, one by IL-2 only, and the third by IL-7 alone. A further case showed proliferation without addition of cytokines. The remaining 5 cases were completely unresponsive. While both IL-2 and IL-7 are capable of stimulating leukaemic cells from some cases of T-ALL, the molecules regulating the proliferation of T-ALL cells in vitro remain to be more fully elucidated.
 ...
PMID:Effects of interleukin 7 on the growth of clonogenic cells in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 192 47

Neoplastic lymphocytes with a hairy appearance were detected in the ascitic fluid from a case of retroperitoneal malignant lymphoma. Although the tumor cells resembled those of hairy-cell leukemia (HCL), no leukemic change was observed, and the anatomic location of the neoplastic cells was different from that seen in HCL. The tumor cells were positive for some immunohistochemical markers of HCL (i.e., CD1 9 and SIg) but were negative for others (CD11c, CD25 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase). Immunocytofluorometric and postmortem histologic studies showed the lesion to be a well-differentiated B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma with plasmocytic differentiation in some cells.
 ...
PMID:Cytologic detection of malignant lymphoma cells with a hairy appearance in ascitic fluid. Report of a case with immunofluorocytometric analysis. 192 92


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>