Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

LEW rat lymphatic leukemia/lymphoma was antigenically phenotyped by means of W3/13, OX7, P4/16 and F 17-23-2 MoAbs. T-cell lineage related markers were proven to be expressed by leukemia cells. AAS prepared in congenic rat strains have shown the following pattern: alpha RT1 (MHC) AAS directed against RT1 antigenic specificities both "public" and "private" gave positive reactions with 100% of leukemia cells, all cross-reacting AAS directed against "public" specificities only, reacted positively too with 17-100% of leukemia cells and no alien specificities have been detected when LEW antisera were tested. The expression of RT5 differentiation antigen was proved on leukemia cells by means of alpha RT5 congenic AAS. T-cell differentiation antigen RT6 was also detected by means of alpha RT6 AAS with closely similar specificity as MoAb P4/16 which also positively reacted with KPH-Lw-I cells. Leukemia T-cell origin is also supported by the absence of class II antigens (F 17-23-2 MoAb) and SIg receptors. A presence of leukemia/lymphoma associated antigen was indicated by AAS absorption analysis.
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PMID:Antigenic phenotype of LEW rat lymphatic leukemia. 349 46

The leukemic cells from 15 cases of Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukemia were immunophenotyped by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical technic using nine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) reactive with various myeloid or lymphoid antigens. On the basis of morphology, cytochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) reactivity, and electron microscopy, five of the cases had been classified as lymphoid; eight, myeloid; one, mixed myeloid-lymphoid; and one, undifferentiated. The blasts from all five lymphoid cases were reactive with lymphocyte differentiation antigen MoAb, and four of five reacted with MoAb to anti-common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigen (CALLA) (BA3). The blasts from all eight myeloid cases were reactive with MY7, a marker of myelomonocytic differentiation. Some of the blasts from three of the eight myeloid cases reacted with HP1-1D and AP3, markers of megakaryocytic differentiation; megakaryocyte differentiation was confirmed by electron microscopy. In the case classified as mixed myeloid-lymphoid, the blasts showed morphologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity; ultrastructural studies demonstrated lymphoid, basophil, and erythroid differentiation. The blasts from the case classified as undifferentiated were immunophenotypically heterogeneous. In all cases in which the leukemic cells were also immunophenotyped by flow cytometry, the results correlated well with those obtained by the APAAP technic. The APAAP technic is a reliable method for immunophenotyping leukemias. Advantages of this method include its applicability to routinely prepared blood and bone marrow smears and cytocentrifuge preparations, lack of endogenous peroxidase background staining, and a permanent record.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody study of Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukemias using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technic. 351 97

Ten of 136 consecutive adult patients with previously untreated acute leukemia had morphologically undifferentiated leukemia by light microscopy. Leukemic cells from these patients were characterized by agranular cytoplasm, negative histochemical staining with sudan black (SB) and nonspecific esterase, and absent lymphoid cell surface markers and therefore were not classifiable according to the French-American-British (FAB) system. Electron microscopy with myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining revealed the presence of peroxidase positive cytoplasmic granules and endoplasmic reticulum in eight of the nine patients studied. Cells from the patient who was negative for MPO were also negative for platelet peroxidase. A series of monoclonal antibodies to myeloid antigens also revealed myeloid features with all patients having at least one myeloid differentiation antigen present on the surface of their cells. Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) antigen was absent in the nine patients tested. Cytogenetic analysis of blast cells was abnormal in seven patients on whom adequately banded chromosomes were obtained although there were no consistent abnormalities. No patient had a Ph1 chromosome. Only two of the ten patients achieved a complete remission. Morphologically undifferentiated leukemia may have myeloid features when studied by transmission electron microscopy or with monoclonal antibodies for cell surface markers. Such studies should be performed when the leukemia cannot be classified using either light microscopy or lymphoid cell surface markers. Such patients infrequently achieve remission with standard therapy and constitute a distinct entity.
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PMID:Minimally differentiated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a distinct entity. 366 39

Three monoclonal antibodies raised against K 562, a cell line originally established from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in terminal blast crisis, were selected according to their distinct reaction pattern. Whereas two antibodies (ZIK-C1-A/C5 and ZIK-C1-A/H5 also designated C and H) recognized antigens, present on K 562 cells and other immature and mature hematopoietic cells (cell lines and normal blood and bone marrow cells), antibody ZIK-C1-A/D9 also designated Y showed an exclusive binding to K 562 cells. The results obtained (here and in the following paper) indicate, that antibody ZIK-C1-A/D9 defines an early differentiation antigen of hematopoiesis or a leukemia-associated antigen.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against the human leukemia cell line K 562. 388 95

A human leukemia-associated antigen (LAA) has been identified by immunofluorescence and electrophoretic analyses. LAA was detected on the surfaces of cells from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) as well as on the surfaces of leukemia cells from the established cell lines NALM-1, NALM-16, MOLT-4, CCRF-CEM, and RPMI 8402. The antigen was not detected on BALM-1 or Raji cells (established B-cell lines), bone marrow cells from ALL patients in remission, or on blood lymphocytes from normal donors. This antigen was most frequently associated with common ALL (cALL); however, cells from 2 of 12 patients with T-cell ALL and 1 patient with B-cell ALL also expressed this antigen. Under reduced conditions, the antigen had an approximate molecular mass of 100,000 daltons as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiographic analysis and appeared to be the same cALL antigen that has recently been described by others. The probability that LAA is a normal differentiation antigen was discussed.
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PMID:Identification of a leukemia-associated antigen of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. 615 21

Antibody-secreting hybridomas were produced by fusion of P3-NS1/1Ag--4-1 mouse plasmacytoma cells with splenocytes from a mouse immunized with HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. A cloned hybridoma cell line was identified that secreted antibody against a cell surface antigen expressed on all normal human peripheral blood granulocytes, on bone marrow granulocytic precursor cells, and on blast cells from 3 of 15 patients with nonlymphoid leukemia. However, the antibody did not react with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, or red cells, or with blast cells from 20 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or from 5 patients with lymphoma. This monoclonal antibody identified a granulopoietic differentiation antigen (designated My-1) and may prove useful in the subclassification on nonlymphoid leukemia and in the investigation of hematopoiesis.
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PMID:My-1, new myeloid-specific antigen identified by a mouse monoclonal antibody. 616 93

A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia that consisted of a homogeneous population of cells that had properties similar to those described for natural killer (NK) cells is presented. These leukemic cells had a morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and receptors for sheep erythrocytes (ER) and for the Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma-R). They expressed pan-T antigens OKT3 and Leu-4, but neither helper/inducer T-cell differentiation antigens OKT4 and Leu-3a nor cytotoxic/suppressor T-antigens OKT8 and Leu-2a. HNK 1 antigen, which can be expressed on human NK cells, could be detected on almost all leukemic cells (LGL), whereas a myeloid differentiation antigen, OKM1, which can be expressed on macrophages, granulocytes, and NK cells, was not detected. Thus, it was concluded that the leukemia cells had a characteristic profile of the surface markers: ER+, Fc gamma-R+, HNK-1+, OKT3+, Leu-4+, OKT4-, OKT8-, Leu-3a, Leu-2a, and OKM1-. Although freshly isolated leukemic cells showed no cytotoxicity on NK targets, after incubation at 37 degrees C, the cells did show a potent cytotoxicity on targets of erythroleukemic cell, T cell, and monocyte (but not B cell) origins. When the cells were incubated at 37 degrees C, interferon (IFN gamma) was spontaneously produced in the culture fluids. Treatment with anti-HNK-1 and complement completely abrogated expression of NK activity and interferon production of the patient's lymphocytes in culture. These characteristic features of surface markers and functions strongly suggest the possibility that the leukemia cells of this case are of NK cell origin. The relationship between this case and chronic lymphocytic leukemia of T-cell origin is discussed.
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PMID:A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with properties characteristic of natural killer cells. 618 98

Antibodies in the serum of melanoma patient AU precipitate an antigen from 125I-labelled extracts of cultured autologous melanoma cells. The antigen, which is probably not a cell surface component, is present in other pigmented melanomas but not in non-pigmented melanomas or other tumor cell types, and the amount of antigen is correlated with the degree of pigmentation. These conclusions are based on absorption experiments with 11 pigmented melanomas, 8 non-pigmented melanomas, 3 astrocytomas, 12 carcinomas of various histological types, I leukemia, 2 EB-virus-transformed B lymphocyte lines, and human erythrocytes. The antigen was also detected in cultured human melanocytes. It has a molecular weight of 70,000, an isoelectric point of pH 5.3, and it binds to concanavalin A-Sepharose. Ninety-six sera from other melanoma patients were examined and none of them precipitated this antigen. As described previously, the serum from patient AU also has antibodies to a unique (Class I) tumor antigen found only on AU melanoma cells. The pigmentation-associated, differentiation antigen and the unique antigen are clearly different in their distribution, but some relationship between these unusual antibody responses is possible.
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PMID:A pigmentation-associated, differentiation antigen of human melanoma defined by a precipitating antibody in human serum. 619 81

This study demonstrates the presence of an antigenic determinant associated with the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA), and presumably CALLA itself, on stromal cells in normal human long-term marrow cultures by using two monoclonal anti-CALLA antibodies, J-5 and 24.1. Treatment of cultured stromal cells with antibody and complement resulted in the loss of most flat angulated cells and many of the fat-containing cells. However, long-term cultures were generated with cytotoxic antibody-treated marrow buffy coat cells, and the stromal cells in these cultures were also CALLA-positive. We conclude that CALLA-bearing stromal cells arise from CALLA-negative progenitors. CALLA therefore could be either a differentiation antigen acquired on mature marrow stromal cells or may arise as a proliferation-dependent antigen. These studies suggest that the generation of long-term cultures from cytotoxic antibody-treated marrow may be an appropriate in vitro model for the functional assessment of such marrow prior to its use in autologous transplantation.
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PMID:Cultured marrow stromal cells express common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA): implications for marrow transplantation. 620 Jan 32

Late in the course of Friend virus (FV)-induced erythroleukemia, leukemic spleen cells express a cell surface retroviral gp70 envelope protein not detected during the early proliferative phase of the disease. Characterization of this gp70 revealed it was unrelated to the input Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), but antigenically similar to a unique subset of endogenous xenotropic viruses. This gp70 was expressed by murine erythroleukemia cell lines but has not been identified on cell lines of other lineages. A monoclonal antibody (18-6) specifically reactive with this polypeptide was used to examine hematopoietic organs of normal uninoculated mice. This antibody detected a gp70 expressed by a majority of erythroid cells in fetal liver and by a small but significant percentage of normal adult spleen and bone marrow cells. Increased erythropoietic activity induced by treatment of adult mice with phenylhydrazine ( PHZ ) resulted in a seven- to eightfold increase in the frequency of spleen and bone marrow cells expressing this gp70. Peptide map analysis indicated that the 18-6 reactive gp70 expressed by Friend erythroleukemia cells and by cells from normal fetal liver were structurally identical. These results suggested that this unique gp70 was an erythroid-specific differentiation antigen.
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PMID:Identification of a unique erythroleukemia-associated retroviral gp70 expressed during early stages of normal erythroid differentiation. 620 15


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