Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chromatins were isolated from murine leukemia or sarcoma virus infected lymphocyte-like TB cells and compared by immunological and biochemical methods. Chromatin from virus infected cells did not fix complement as well as uninfected cell chromatin suggesting that conformational changes had occurred in chromatin from virus infected cells. This alteration was detected within 24 hours after infection. Infected cell chromatins, examined by electrophoretic methods after radiolabeling displayed alterations in nonhistone proteins, whereas the histones appeared unaltered. The non-histones were synthesized in greater amounts in infected compared to normal cells, particularly a 60,000 D protein, while the amount of histone did not vary. The above changes should not have been due to cell growth or cycle variations, for the cells had similar growth rates and were harvested from the same stage of cell confluency during exponential growth to ensure uniformity of culture conditions.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in chromatin of cells infected with RNA tumor viruses. 20 12

The levels of murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) proteins p30 and gp70, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-soluble nuclear protein, anti-single-stranded DNA, anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-histone antibodies were measured in B10.A and B10.A recombinant mice neonatally infected with MuLV-Scripps (Lerner et al., 1972). The incidence and latency of lymphoma and the incidence of glomerulonephritis were also determined. The mice studied could be divided into high-responder and low-responder groups. Most of the high ANA antibody could be attributed to anti-histone antibody. High response was associated with the H-2b haplotype and recombinant strains on the B10 background which were identical at the I-A subregion derived from the H-2b parental stock. In contrast, low ANA response was associated with the I-A subregion derived from the H-2k haplotype. In all groups of virus-inoculated animals, most animals developed serum elevations of p30 and gp70 and at least 72% of the inoculated animals developed lymphomas. High serum p30 levels correlated inversely with latency and directly with gp70 values. From 4 to 28% of the animals in each virus-inoculated group had histological evidence of glomerulonephritis, although no clear genetic basis could be ascribed to the incidence of glomerulonephritis, serum p30 or gp70 levels, or latency of lymphoma development.
 ...
PMID:Immunopathogenicity and oncogenicity of murine leukaemia virus. IV. Antinuclear antibody response and tumour induction in B10.A recombinant mice. 21 76

Chicken hematopoietic cells transformed in vitro and in vivo by seven strains of replication-defective avian leukemia viruses were assayed for the expression of six erythroid and five myeloid differentiation parameters, including differentiation-specific surface antigens as detected by newly developed antisera. The transformed cells were found to display three distinct phenotypes of differentiation. First, cells transformed by AEV resemble erythroblasts. They express heme, globin, carbonic anhydrase and erythrocyte cell surface antigen at low levels, and histone H5 and erythroblast cell surface antigen at high levels. Second, cells transformed by MC29, CMII, OK10 and MH2 viruses have macrophage-like properties. They strongly express Fc receptors, phagocytic capacity and macrophage cell surface antigen, but only weakly express myeloblast cell surface antigen and are negative for ATPase activity. Third, cells transformed by AMV and E26 viruses resemble myeloblasts in that they weakly express Fc receptors, phagocytic capacity and macrophage cell surface antigen but strongly express myeloblast cell surface antigen and ATPase activity. No difference was found between in vitro- and in vivo-transformed cells in the parameters tested. In light of recent genetic and biochemical evidence, we believe that these phenotypes reflect the action of three new types of viral-transforming genes, designated erb (erythroblast), mac (macrophage) and myb (myeloblast).
 ...
PMID:Chicken hematopoietic cells transformed by seven strains of defective avian leukemia viruses display three distinct phenotypes of differentiation. 22 7

Arginine-rich and lysine-rich histones were extracted from various cytologic types of leukemic blasts and from preparations rich in normal monocytes. On polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, the patterns of normal monocyte histones closely resembled those found in acute histiomonocytic leukemia (Schilling type). The electrophoretic patterns of histones obtained from leukemic blasts in acute myelomonocytic leukemia (Naegeli type) were similar to those found in both acute myelobastic leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia. The results support the concept that acute myelomonocytic leukemia may be closely related to, or a variant of, acute myeloblastic leukemia, and that acute histiomonocytic leukemia is most probably a monocytic rather than a myeloblastic disorder. In addition to accepted morphologic and enzymatic criteria, the present studies suggest that differences in histone patterns might be useful in further distinguishing between histiomonocytic, myeloblastic, and myelomonocytic leukemias.
 ...
PMID:Histone abnormalities in adult acute leukemias. 105 65

Thermal denaturation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in situ in individual unbroken cells is studied by a cytofluorometric method. This method allows us to investigate DNA denaturation in the presence of divalent cations at concentrations reported to be necessary to maintain native structure of nuclear chromatin. Under these conditions the pattern of DNA denaturation is very different than when studied in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate or citrate. The results suggest that with divalent cations present, the histone basic charges are more uniformly distributed along whole nuclear DNA. Various cell types exhibit great differences in sensitivity to DNA denaturation when assayed in the presence of 1 mM MgCl2. Human lymphocytes, monocytes and certain kinds of human leukemic cells show differences large enough to be used as a parameter for their recognition in mixed samples. Possible applications of the method in basic research on chromatin conformation and as a tool for cell recognition in diagnostic cytology or in the classification of human leukemia are proposed.
 ...
PMID:Cytofluorometric studies on conformation of nucleic acids in situ. II. Denaturation of deoxyribonucleic acid. 125 35

In a variety of adult and childhood leukaemia cell samples collected at different states of the disease, we analysed in a series of sequentially performed slot-blot or Northern-blot hybridisation experiments the expression of genes possibly involved in multiple drug resistance (MDR) (mdr1/P-glycoprotein, DNA topoisomerase II, glutathione-S-transferase pi), and the expression of the DNA topoisomerase I and histone 3.1 genes. Occasionally, P-glycoprotein gene expression was additionally examined by indirect immunocytofluorescence using the monoclonal antibody C219. No significant difference in mdr1/P-glycoprotein mRNA levels between primary and relapsed state acute lymphocytic leukaemias (ALL) was seen on average. Second or third relapses, however, showed a distinct tendency to an elevated expression of this multidrug transporter gene (up to 10-fold) in part well beyond the value seen in the moderately cross-resistant T-lymphoblastoid CCRF-CEM subline CCRF VCR 100. Increased mdr1/P-glycoprotein mRNA levels were also found in relapsed state acute myelogenous leukaemias (AML), and in chronic lymphocytic leukaemias (CLL) treated with chlorambucil and/or prednisone for several years. Topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II mRNA levels were found to be very variable. Whereas in all but one case of CLL topoisomerase II mRNA was not detected by slot-blot hybridizations, strong topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II gene expression levels, frequently exceeding the levels monitored in the CCRF-CEM cell line, were seen in many cell samples of acute leukaemia. If topoisomerase II mRNA was undetectable, expression of topoisomerase I was clearly visible throughout. These observations might be valuable considering the possible treatment with specific topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II inhibitors. Significant positive correlations were found (i) for topoisomerase I and histone 3.1 gene expression levels in general (P less than 0.001), and (ii) in the CLL samples additionally for the expression levels of the mdr1 gene, and the histone 3.1, topoisomerase I, and glutathione-S-transferase pi genes, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Mdr1/P-glycoprotein, topoisomerase, and glutathione-S-transferase pi gene expression in primary and relapsed state adult and childhood leukaemias. 135 60

Accumulation of isoprenoids was studied in two cell lines derived from acute T-cell leukemia: CEM-C7 cells, whose growth is inhibited by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and CEM-C1 cells, which are resistant to this steroid. Isoprenoids were measured by growing the cells in serum-free medium in the presence of lovastatin, which blocks synthesis of mevalonate, and then labeling with exogenous [3H]mevalonolactone. In both cell lines, isoprenoids associated with proteins were detected in cytoplasm, nucleus, and chromatin, and in the chromatin residue that remains after extraction of histone and nonhistone proteins. Differences in labeling were detected after treatment with dexamethasone in the CEM-C7 line, showing a decrease in the cytoplasmic fraction with a corresponding increase in both the nuclear and chromatin fractions as compared with untreated cells. No change was seen in the CEM-C1 line. In both cell lines, 25-30% of the incorporated label was released by treatment with acid or alkali. However, the majority of the label required treatment with methyl iodide for the release of organic-soluble tritiated products. After extraction with chloroform, the lipid fractions contained farnesol, geraniol, dolichols, and possibly nerolidol.
 ...
PMID:Protein-linked isoprenoid lipids in dexamethasone-treated human lymphoid lines in culture. 144 16

Transforming growth factor-Beta (TGF-beta) is a potent growth inhibitor for several cell types including epithelial cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Using a human promonocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, we have shown that TGF-beta inhibits their proliferation and promotes differentiation into cells exhibiting macrophage-like properties. Therefore, a key question is whether TGF-beta influences the expression of genes associated with proliferation and/or growth inhibition. TGF-beta treatment of THP-1 cells results in downregulation of expression of c-myc. We also observe that TGF-beta 1-treated cells express reduced levels of the cell cycle regulated histone, H2B, but express elevated levels of an RNA splicing variant of this histone that has been observed to be upregulated in growth inhibited and terminally differentiated cells. In addition, a nuclear protein associated with senescence and withdrawal of cells from the cell cycle, statin, is also expressed by THP-1 cells in response to TGF-beta 1 treatment. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 is capable of inducing expression of specific nuclear proteins associated with differentiation and/or cessation of proliferation that may result in changes in nuclear organization and altered gene expression. Such changes in nuclear organization may be incompatible with continued proliferation of the cells.
 ...
PMID:Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces expression of statin during differentiation of human promonocytic leukemia cells. 146 65

The expression of the human H1 zero histone gene and of a main type H1 gene was analyzed in two human leukemia cell lines. The main type, replication dependent H1 gene expression reflected the state of proliferation of both cell lines. No H1 zero mRNA was detected in the promyelocytic HL-60 line, whereas the monocytic U937 cells showed low steady-state levels of 1H zero mRNA. Stimulation of HL-60 with several known inducers of differentiation failed to induce any accumulation of H1 zero mRNA. Treatment of U937 with phorbol ester or butyrate, on the other hand, led to an increase of the H1 zero mRNA concentration.
 ...
PMID:Differential expression of the histone H1 zero gene in U937 and HL-60 leukemia cell lines. 146 67

Progeny from one intra- and two inter-specific backcrosses between divergent strains of mice were typed to map multiple markers in relation to two pigment mutations on mouse chromosome 13, beige (bg) and pearl (pe). Both recessive mutants on a C57BL/6J background were crossed separately with laboratory strain PAC (M. domesticus) and the partially inbred M. musculus stock PWK. The intra- and inter-specific F1 hybrids were backcrossed to the C57BL/6J parental strain and DNA was prepared from progeny. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to follow the segregation of alleles in the backcross offspring at loci identified with molecular probes. The linkage analysis defines the association between the bg and pe loci and the loci for the T-cell receptor gamma-chain gene (Tcrg), the spermatocyte specific histone gene (Hist1), the prolactin gene (Prl), the Friend murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Fim-1), the murine Hanukuh Factor gene (Muhf/Ctla-3) and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (Dhfr). This data confirms results of prior chromosomal mapping studies utilizing bg as an anchor locus, and provides previously unreported information defining the localization of the prolactin gene on mouse chromosome 13. The relationship of multiple loci in relation to pe is similarly defined. These results may help facilitate localization of the genes responsible for two human syndromes homologous with bg and pe, Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Linkage of loci associated with two pigment mutations on mouse chromosome 13. 168 16


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>