Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gene therapy vectors based on lentiviruses persist in the host and are ideally suited for long-term therapies of genetic disorders. However, recent incidences of T cell leukemia in X-SCID children receiving gene therapy reveal discrepancy among the preclinical and clinical studies. Divergent results on the potential oncogenic property of integrating vectors obtained from different animal models further raise concern about the relevance and sensitivity of available preclinical systems used to assess their toxicity. Evaluation of transcriptional responses to vector transduction in different in vivo models may provide us with early indications of the potential adverse effects of these vectors and comparative information on the sensitivity and suitability of these models. For this purpose, we used cDNA microarray to examine transcriptional changes in BALB/c and CD-1 (IRC) mice, the two common murine strains used in pharmacological and toxicological studies. Our results revealed a significant difference in the transcriptional responses to vector transduction between the two mouse strains. Modest gene changes, in terms of gene numbers and gene expression were observed in BALB/c mice, whereby expression of 15 oncogenes was up-regulated in CD-1 (ICR) mice. We confirmed the up-regulation of oncogenes, e.g., N-myc, A-Raf, Fli-1, Wnt-2b, and c-jun in CD-1 (IRC) mice using RT-PCR. This study provided an insight into the function of lentiviral transduction in different mouse strains. Distinctive toxicogenomic profiles of two mouse strains should be considered in the context of future development of sensitive models for toxicity evaluation of lentiviral vector products.
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PMID:Comparison of toxicogenomic profiles of two murine strains treated with HIV-1-based vectors for gene therapy. 1790 76

Cellular oncogenes are frequently activated or deregulated in human malignant tumors. We have analyzed the expression of cellular oncogenes in human leukemia by Northern blot experiments in a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this case the cellular oncogenes N-myc, c-myb, c-fes and c-met were expressed at high levels. This is in contrast to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, where these genes could not be detected. c-src2-specific RNA was not seen in either AML or PBMC cells but readily appeared in CLL cells. This appears to represent further evidence that in leukemic cells multiple cellular oncogenes might be activated.
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PMID:Constitutive Expression of Multiple Cellular Oncogenes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. 2745 5

Extensive research has been performed regarding the integration sites of murine leukemia retrovirus (MLV) for the identification of proto-oncogenes. To date, the overlap of mutations within specific oligonucleotides across different tumor genomes has been regarded as a rare event; however, a recent study of MLV integration into the oncogene Zfp521 suggested the existence of a hotspot oligonucleotide for MLV integration. In the current review, we discuss the hotspots of MLV integration into several genes: c-Myc, Stat5a and N-myc, as well as ZFP521, as examined in tumor genomes. From this, MLV integration convergence within specific oligonucleotides is not necessarily a rare event. This short review aims to promote re-consideration of MLV integration within the tumor genome, which involves both well-known and potentially newly identified and novel mechanisms and specifications.
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PMID:Hotspots of MLV integration in the hematopoietic tumor genome. 2772 1

During hematopoiesis, the balance between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis is tightly regulated in order to maintain homeostasis. Failure in these processes can ultimately lead to uncontrolled proliferation and leukemia. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the molecular pathways involved in this balance. By opposing PI3-kinases, PTEN inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation and is thus considered a tumor suppressor. Indeed, PTEN is frequently mutated in many cancers, including leukemias. Loss of PTEN often leads to lymphoid cancers. However, little is known about the molecular events that regulate PTEN signaling during lymphopoiesis. In this study, we used zebrafish to address this. We report that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1b (ndrg1b) rescues lymphoid differentiation after PTEN inhibition. We also show that a previously uncharacterized gene, fam49ab, inhibits T-cell differentiation, a phenotype that can be rescued by ndrg1b We propose that ndrg1b and fam49ab are 2 new modulators of PTEN signaling that control lymphoid differentiation in the zebrafish thymus.
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PMID:Ndrg1b and fam49ab modulate the PTEN pathway to control T-cell lymphopoiesis in the zebrafish. 2782 22


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