Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A transplantable myelogenous leukemia of an inbred Wistar/Furth rat has been established in tissue culture and cloned. The resulting transplantable leukemia line demonstrates in vitro doubling time of 20 hr, colony-forming efficiency of 5% in liquid and methylcellulos-containing medium, and a saturation density of 3.0 x 106 cells/sq cm in liquid medium. Following intraperitoneal inoculation, newborn rats developed solid tumors, ascities, and leukemia with ld50 of5 x 103 cells and mean latency of 60 days. The tumor cell morphology was consistent with that of acute myelogenous leukemia. Histochemical staining for myeloid enzymes revealed no evidence of myeloperoxidase, esterase, or leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; however, fluorescent antibody staining for lysozyme was markedly positive. Serum, urine, and ascitic fluid from rats with transplanted leukemia also contained elevated levels of lysozyme. There was no detectable type-CRNA virus production by this cell line after as long as 100 days in vitro. This inbred rat myelogenous leukemia should provide a useful model for studies of chemotherapy and immunoltherapy of human acute myelogenous leukemia.
 ...
PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia of the Wistar/Furth rat: establishment of a continuous tissue culture line producing lysozyme in vitro and in vivo. 4 87

A child presented with "acute leukemia" in which the blast cells resembled lymphoblasts and had negative cytochemical staining (PAS, Sudan black, and myeloperoxidase). Remission was induced and typical adult-type chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) followed. Cytogenetic studies initially and during remission and subsequent "acute leukemia" relapses revealed the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality. Terminal transferase assay performed on peripheral blood blast cells was markedly elevated and soft agar culture growth parameters were typical of acute lymphoblastic leukemia T and B cell marker studies revealed no markers. This case report with supportive laboratory studies suggests that a cell line with lymphoid characteristics may predominate during acute leukemic transformation. This type of subclassification of leukemia may be of importance in therapeutic planning.
 ...
PMID:Lymphoblastic conversion in chronic myelogenous leukemia. 7 81

It was shown by Pincus and Klebanoff that a correlation existed between leukocytic iodination measured in vivo and microbicidal leukocytic activity. We have analyzed the results of this test in relation to time and in the presence of variable quantities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The values observed per time and PMN unit proved to be equivalent in the presence of 2.5 X 105 PMN or 5.0 x 105 PMN per 0.5 ml of incubation medium, measured after 10, 20 and 30 minutes or in the presence of 1.0 x 106 PMN, measured after 10 minutes. That is to say iodination is proportional to leukocyte concentration and incubation time. Increase of either the quantity of cells or the incubation time, beyond the area we defined, reduced iodination per cell and per unit of time. Concerning the patients with an insufficient iodination, we have studied 2 parameters in the presence of 5.0 x 105 PMN: 1) initial iodination measured after 10 and 20 minutes and 2) stability of iodination measured after 60 minutes. These two parameters were equally affected in two cases with myelofi-rosis, 3 patients with acquired refractory anaemia, one with chronic lymphoid leukaemia, one with erythroleukaemia, one with hairy cell leukaemia, one with systemic mastocytosis and almost complete myeloperoxidase dificiency, one with sickle cell disease, two with liver diseases and two with chronic myeloid leukaemia. The iodination at the 60th minute was more affected than at the 10th minute with a patient with myelofibrosis and 4 other patients with acquired refractory anaemias. The significance of these differences is not well understood; however the meaning of the decrease in the iodination of whatever type is that a PMN anomaly exists directly related to the myeloperoxidase H2O2 halogenation system, or to one of the stages of engulfment and/or metabolic events preceeding it and leading to the production of H2O2. This test, with the alterations we introduced, is suggested as a test for detection of functional PMN abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative iodination of human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 16 86

The ingestion, bactericidal activity and metabolism of isolated mature neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis was studied in 17 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. Seven patients had received no treatment and the others had been treated previously with Busulphan. The phagocytic indices for killed yeast cells did not differ from those of the controls. A diminished bactericidal activity against E. coli was found in nine CGL cases. The bactericidal capacity closely correlated with the degree of leucocytosis since patients with a WBC count of 90 000/mul or higher with one exception showed decreased bactericidal activities while patients with WBC counts below 90 000/mul with two exceptions showed normal bactericidal activities. The [I-14C]-glucose oxidation during phagocytosis was increased in four patients and decreased in three patients. Some correlation was found between abnormally high or low [I-14C]glucose oxidation and diminished bactericidal activity. The intracellular iodination reaction during phagocytosis was decreased in 10 cases while the extracellular iodination was increased in six cases and decreased in one case. The data for granulocyte iodination did not correlate with WBC count, bactericidal capacity or [I-14C]glucose oxidation. The time course for the bactericidal activity and granulocyte iodination seemed to deviate from the controls indicating a slow initial ingestion and/or degranulation phase. The CGL granulocyte content of myeloperoxidase was normal or increased, the lysozyme content was decreased in half of the cases while the amount of antibacterial cationic proteins was increased, normal or low. The present findings indicate a variety of abnormalities in the mature CGL granulocyte, which are not closely interrelated.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. I. Bactericidal and metabolic capabilities during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes. 17 9

A patient with a refractory anaemia preceding acute myeloblastic leukaemia had an increased susceptibility to infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. 36% of neutrophils lacked myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and, in vitro, these polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) had a defect of bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Cytochemical studies of phagocytosis with the electron miscroscope have shown that the degranulation of primary granules (MPO+ or MPO-) was normal after phagocytosis of Escherichia coli which were normally lysed. A defective destruction of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans was observed in some PMN with or without MPO activity, suggesting that MPO deficiency itself was not the only cause of this defect. In PMN which appeared normal, most MPO(+) granules were unable to fuse with the phagocytic vacuole containing intact germs even after 90 min of contact. There was, therefore, in addition to a partial MPO deficiency, a defect in cellular degranulation. This defect, the mechanism of which is unknown, may be in part responsible for the defective bacterial degradation.
 ...
PMID:Partial myeloperoxidase deficiency in a case of preleukaemia. II. Defects of degranulation and abnormal bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils. 17 12

Myeloperoxidase, restricted to primary granules, and lactoferrin, restricted to secondary granules, were determined in plasma and neutrophils of peripheral blood in chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). Plasma myeloperoxidase was increased 2-3 times while plasma lactoferrin increased 2-8 times. This discrepancy indicates different modes of release or elimination. A correlation was found between the leucocyte count and plasma myeloperoxidase or lactoferrin. A correlation was also found between cellular and plasma levels of lactoferrin but not for myeloperoxidase indicating the source for plasma lactoferrin to be circulating leucocytes, which may not be the case for plasma myeloperoxidase. Decreased neutrophil lactoferrin was found in 71% of the CGL cases while myeloperoxidase was decreased in 18%. Serial studies on individual CGL subjects showed low cellular lactoferrin during phases with rapidly expanding leucocytosis indicating defective maturation of neutrophils or abnormal release because of prolonged intravascular life-span.
 ...
PMID:Myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin of blood neutrophils and plasma in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 19 Jun 73

Myeloperoxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) was isolated from leukocytes of patients with chronic granulocyte leukemia. In the presence of H2O2 and Cl- at pH 4.0-6.6 the myeloperoxidase catalyses chlorination of taurine to monochloramine taurine and simultaneously undergoes inactivation. The myeloperoxidase inactivation rate depends on the concentration of H2O2 and Cl-: both the initial rate of chlorination and myeloperoxidase inactivation rate increase with increasing concentration of H2O2. However, an increase in concentration of Cl- results in a decrease in enzyme inactivation. At a given H2O2 concentration, myeloperoxidase inactivation is a first order reaction, which implied that the enzyme may react with a substrate a limited number of times.
 ...
PMID:Myeloperoxidase inactivation in the course of catalysis of chlorination of taurine. 20 Feb 71

The ability of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill Candida guilliermondii was investigated in 12 patients with myeloid metaplasia (MM). Following ingestion there was a considerable impairment in the ability of MM neutrophils to kill and digest Candida which was not explained by the very mild impairment in phagocytosis. Quantitative myeloperoxidase measurement revealed an overall deficiency of this enzyme in MM neutrophils and a highly significant correlation between low myeloperoxidase levels and impaired candidacidal activity. Neutrophils from patients with myeloid metaplasia show a pattern of defective microbial killing, high alkaline phosphatase activity and low myeloperoxidase activty which is similar to that seen in severe infections and distinct from chronic granulocytic leukaemia. The cells of one patient with particularly low myeloperoxidase and defective microbial killing were further studied both cytochemically and by electron microscopy. The azurophilic granules of his neutrophils were present in normal numbers and contained normal amounts of acid phosphatase but they lacked myeloperoxidase.
 ...
PMID:Impaired neutrophil function and myeloperoxidase deficiency in myeloid metaplasia. 20 12

A complete lack of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was demonstrated in a boy suffering from acute myeloic leukemia during the acute phase of the disease and after a remission was achieved. A partial defect of MPO was demonstrated in the patient's father, no further abnormalities were seen in other members of the family. The fine structure of the patient's neutrophils and monocytes appeared normal, no activity of MPO was demonstrated on the fine structural level. In the father's neutrophils transitional forms between cells exhibiting a normal MPO activity and those without activity were demonstrated. The neutrophil bactericidal activity was strongly inhibited in the patient and decreased in his father. Normal values were found in: NBT test, chemotaxis, serum-dependent phagocytosis, number of B and T lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulins, and complement. A possible connection between MPO deficiency and leukemia is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Familial peroxidase-deficiency and acute myeloic leukemia (author's transl)]. 20 71

Enzymatically homogeneous populations of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils were isolated by zonal centrifugation from 5 untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 2 patients with CLL in full remission. The cells were then quantitatively analyzed for six leukocytic enzymes and compared with cells from normal subjects. CLL monocytes were deficient in beta-glucuronidase (0.06 units; normal, 0.16), myeloperoxidase (0.07 mg; normal, 0.5 mg), and lysozyme (0.7 mg; normal, 3.3 mg). In 2 cases, CLL neutrophils were severely deficient in lysozyme (1 to 2 mg; normal, 7 mg) and myeloperoxidase (2 to 3 mg; normal, 7 mg). Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase and neutral protease were unaffected. CLL lymphocytes shared with the monocytes the deficiency of beta-glucuronidase (0.03 units; normal, 0.09 units). The 2 CLL patients in full remission carried normal enzyme levels in leukocytes of all three cell lines. The CLL lymphocytes of untreated patients were unresponsive to mitogens but became responsive in remission. The CLL monocytes from both untreated and treated patients transformed into macrophages. The pattern of shared enzyme deficiency among lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils of CLL patients and its normalization in all three cell types under remission suggest that the differentiation of the three leukocytic cell lines may be an enzymatically interlinked process and that the deficiency of these enzymes in leukemia may reflect an interrelated aberrant differentiation of the leukemic cells.
 ...
PMID:Monocyte and granulocyte defect in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 21 99


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>