Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have established bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-transformed mouse C127 cell lines that synthesize the peplomer protein of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146. For this purpose, a new cassette expression vector pHSL, which carries the Drosophila HSp70 promotor and the polyadenylation signal of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat, was constructed. Cocultivation of the BPV-transformed cell lines with FIPV-permissive feline fcwf-D cells resulted in polykaryocyte formation. Since it depended on the presence of fcwf-D cells, binding of E2 to the cell receptor may be required for membrane fusion. E2 was synthesized as a core-glycosylated protein of 180K which was only slowly transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the medial Golgi: of the E2-molecules labeled during a 1-hr pulse about half was still completely sensitive to endoglycosidase H after a 2-hr chase, while the remaining E2 had been chased into multiple, partially endoglycosidase H-resistant forms. Immunofluorescence studies also indicated that most E2 was retained intracellularly. Mice immunized with whole lysates of the transformed cells produced FIPV-neutralizing antibodies as shown by plaque reduction.
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PMID:Stably expressed FIPV peplomer protein induces cell fusion and elicits neutralizing antibodies in mice. 254 29

We reported a 68-year-old woman with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, in whom the leukemia transformed from poorly differentiated myeloperoxidase (MPO)-negative type into myelomonocytic type during the observation without chemotherapy. Hematological findings on admission revealed a leukocyte count of 3,500/microliters with 48% blasts and a platelet count of 9.2 x 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow aspiration showed 68.2% infiltration of blasts negative for MPO. Sudan black B and esterase stains. By electron microscopy MPO was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleoenvelope of the blasts. Large vacuole-like granules were MPO-negative. She was observed without administration of any antileukemic agent or an immunopotentiator. The leukocyte count rose gradually, in association with increases in the relative and absolute counts of mature neutrophils and monocytic cells, and the platelet count. Twenty-six months after the initial diagnosis, a blood examination showed a leukocyte count of 74,300/microliters with 20.5% mature neutrophils and 15.5% monocytic and a platelet count of 31.4 x 10(4)/microliters. Cytological, cytochemical, ultrastructural and immunological studies of the bone marrow cells showed features compatible with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB M4). This case is unusual in respect that poorly differentiated ANLL transformed spontaneously into moderately differentiated ANLL.
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PMID:[Spontaneous differentiation from myeloperoxidase-negative acute nonlymphocytic leukemia to acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. 255 92

Tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) have been observed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of blood lymphocytes and monocytes in two cases of Reye's syndrome initiated by influenza infections. Tubuloreticular inclusions are seen in these mononuclear leukocytes during the acute phase of illness, but not during convalescence. Since TRI have been demonstrated in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and certain viral infections including T-cell leukemia, it may be that the finding of TRI in Reye's syndrome reflects a viral infection and/or immune dysfunction, if such association is not proved to be fortuitous.
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PMID:Leukocyte tubuloreticular inclusions in Reye's syndrome. 258 24

Apoprotein part of tissue factor of human placenta was purified 871 fold from the starting material with 4.2% yield by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of purified apoprotein was 45,000 in non-reduced condition and 49,000 in reduced condition. Tissue factor of human leukemia cells (FAB classification:M2 and M3) and cultured leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and Molt-4) was analyzed using specific rabbit anti-tissue factor IgG raised against purified material. Endotoxin stimulated HL-60 and Molt-4 also expressed procoagulant activity which was inhibited by tissue factor immune IgG. By immunostaining of the purified material, the lysate of leukemia cells (M2 and M3) and cultured leukemia cells (HL-60 and MOLT-4) revealed a major band of the same apparent molecular weight. Immuno-electron microscopic study on tissue factor of HL-60 cells produced the following findings: stimulation by endotoxin resulted in the formation of pseudopods of the cell membrane, and immunogold particles accumulated mainly on these pseudopods and cisternal spaces of rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating exposure of the tissue factor to the surface of perturbed cell membrane with concurrent increase in tissue factor synthesis.
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PMID:Studies on leukemic cell tissue factor. 266 Mar 21

Friend spleen focus-forming virus (F-SFFV) encodes a glycoprotein designated gp52, which is defective in its intracellular transport and accumulates in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Only 3-5% of the mature form of gp52 eventually reaches the cell surface. Compared to transport-competent murine leukemia virus (MuLV) glycoproteins, the gp52 molecule exhibits several structural differences which may have resulted in the possible loss of signals required for transport to the cell surface. To determine the effect of these alterations on the specific sites of surface expression of the molecule, the SFFV env gene was expressed from a vaccinia virus recombinant in a polarized epithelial cell line in which retrovirus glycoproteins are expressed exclusively on basolateral surfaces. We also determined the site of expression of a chimeric env protein which contains the external domain of SFFV gp52 the transmembrane, and the cytoplasmic tail residues of Friend MuLV. The wild-type and chimeric env gene products were defective in transport, and remained primarily in an unprocessed form in MDCK cells or CV-1 cells. However, both glycoproteins were detected at low levels on the basolateral surfaces of MDCK cells, a line of polarized epithelial cells. These results indicate that the presence or absence of a cytoplasmic tail as well as a 585-base deletion in the external domain has no affect on the site of polarized expression of a murine retrovirus glycoprotein.
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PMID:Expression of the spleen focus-forming virus envelope gene in a polarized epithelial cell line. 283 65

The localization of Tac antigen in adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen (ATLA)-positive lymphomas was studied ultrastructurally with the use of the immunoperoxidase technique. The antigen was observed on the plasma membranes of a portion of the characteristic cells with convoluted nuclei and a majority of the cells with less irregular nuclei, which were larger than the former. In addition, the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear cisternae, and Golgi cisternae of the latter cells were also positively stained with anti-Tac antibody. It is thought that the positive reaction of the plasma membranes may correspond to interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptors, the cytoplasmic and perinuclear reaction sites may well correspond to the precursor of IL 2 receptors, and Tac antigen may be produced in the cytoplasm of the ATLA-positive lymphoma cells.
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PMID:Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of Tac antigen in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. 299 Feb 20

The intracytoplasmic inclusions seen in most cells from a patient with B prolymphocytic leukaemia were analysed using both light and electron microscopy. They consisted of a dense homogeneous structure and were surrounded by a membrane, which had no continuity with the Golgi cisternae or the endoplasmic reticulum; some inclusions had a clear association with small lysosomal granules. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase studies using light microscopy failed to elucidate completely the nature of the inclusions, but immunocytochemical reactions performed using electron microscopy suggested an immunoglobulin nature. All inclusions were negative for acid phosphatase and periodic acid Schiff. The nature of the inclusions described in the prolymphocytes of this patient were compared with those previously recorded in B prolymphocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:Intracytoplasmic inclusions in B prolymphocytic leukaemia: ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunological studies. 299 72

In the seven cases of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) presented here we have studied the ultrastructural and cytogenetic features which are thought to be of particular significance in this disease. On the basis of our findings from the seven cases of APL described in detail, and our unreported results obtained for a large number of myeloid leukaemias other than APL, we conclude the following. Stellate rough endoplasmic reticulum, certain inclusion bodies and Auer rods having a tubular substructure are, if present, probably diagnostic of APL. However, these structures are not always observed in APL. Inflated rough endoplasmic reticulum is highly indicative of APL while slender cytoplasmic projections, convoluted or lobed nuclei and conspicuous bundles of cytoplasmic fibrils are very common in the abnormal promyelocytes of this disease. There is a strong correlation between the presence of conspicuous bundles of cytoplasmic fibrils and convoluted or lobed nuclei. Most of the APL cases showed the characteristic translocation t(15;17) and we could find no ultrastructural difference between the cases with the translocation and the single example of a normal karyotype.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and cytogenetics in seven cases of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). 301 72

Eosinophils derived from HL-60 cells share many of the abnormalities of granule histochemistry and morphology frequently seen in eosinophils of patients with certain malignancies, especially those seen in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils (FAB class M4eo). In order to understand the pathogenesis of these abnormalities, four enzymes, characteristic of the eosinophil, were studied in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells at various stages of eosinophilic differentiation. Using biochemical and ultrahistochemical techniques, the following differences from normal eosinophil development were demonstrated. First, both myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase coexisted in the population of maturing HL-60 eosinophils. Second, the granules formed from the condensation of material in vacuoles which were derived from dilated segments of the endoplasmic reticulum; the role of the Golgi apparatus in processing of peroxidase appeared minimal. Third, low levels of lysophospholipase and arylsulfatase were present in the cells compared to normal eosinophils. Finally, crystallizations resembling precursor structures of Auer rods appeared in the granules of about 5% of the cells. These findings suggest that several disorders of the control of protein synthesis and processing exist in HL-60 eosinophils which may be responsible for the abnormal granule morphology and histochemistry.
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PMID:Synthesis of eosinophil-associated enzymes in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. 301 41

The location of the pX gene products in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-producing cells, MT-2 and HUT 102, was studied by immunoelectron microscopy using the direct and indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody methods. Fab'-peroxidase conjugates were prepared for the direct method with a maleimide compound from antisera to the carboxy-terminal region of the pX gene products. Positive immunostaining in MT-2 cells was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum, the outer and inner leaflets of the nuclear membrane, and inside their cisternae, but not in the plasma membrane and viral particles. Staining in the nucleus was faint. On the other hand, positive immunostaining in HUT 102 cells was detected diffusely in the euchromatin regions of the nucleus but not in the nucleoli, nuclear envelope, and cellular membrane systems. The location of the positive immunostaining in the HUT 102 nuclei was reconfirmed by the reaction in isolated nuclei. On the basis of both the immunoelectron microscopic and immunoblotting analyses of the pX gene products, it is suggested that the Mr 40,000 to 42,000 protein (p40x) is localized mainly in the euchromatin regions of the nuclei of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-producing cells, and the Mr 68,000 protein (p68x) is localized mainly in the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum of MT-2 cells. p68x detected in MT-2 cells with the anti-p40x serum was deduced to be a protein consisting of p40x and a part of env gene products and to share epitopes in common with p40x.
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PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the pX gene products in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-producing cells. 303 May 42


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