Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have reported (Easton, Valinsky and Reich, 1978) that merocyanine 540 (MC 540) specifically stains a variety of living excitable cells, but not nonexcitable cells. This paper describes the exceptional permeability to MC 540 of leukemic leukocytes and immature hemopoietic precursor cells. We have used fluorescence microscopy and uptake of radioactive dye to study MC 540 staining of peripheral blood leukocytes from 80 leukemic and 34 normal individuals; leukemic leukocytes stain, whereas normal leukcytes do not. The leukocyte staining reaction differs from that previously described for excitable cells since it is independent of the ionic composition of the staining medium, kinetically complex, enhanced by light, enhanced by oxygen and essentially irreversible. Virtually all circulating nucleated cells from leukemic individuals are stained to approximately the same extent, and there is no qualitative or quantitative distinction between the various forms of leukemia. We have also found that MC 540 interacts with granulopoietic colony-forming cells (CFU-C) and with spleen colony-forming cells derived from mouse bone marrow (CFU-S). We cannot as yet identify a specific property of leukocyte plasma membranes that determines MC 540 permeability; since changes in MC 540 uptake appear to be correlated with cellular maturation during normal hemopoiesis, the retention of staining by leukemic cells, some of which appear morphologically normal, may indicate of failure in membrane maturation during leukemic blood cell development.
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PMID:Merocyanine 540 as a fluorescent probe of membranes: selective staining of leukemic and immature hemopoietic cells. 7 35

The activity of MAO (EC 1.4.3.4) was measured in liver homogenates of mice with experimental tumours Sarcoma S-180 and Leukemia L-1210. The enzyme activity was determined by two methods: spectrophotometric--with benzylamine as a substrate and the second with the application of oxygen electrode and adrenaline as a substrate. An increase of the enzyme activity was observed in liver homogenates of mice with Sarcoma S-180 as compared with the controls. High activity of MAO with both substrates was also observed in Sarcoma ascites. In Leukemia L-1210 changes of activity in relation to adrenaline as a substrate were very small, but towards benzylamine the affinity of enzyme was higher (the increase of activity was about 50%).
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PMID:[The vehaviour of monoaminooxydase (MAO) activity in tumours. I. MAO activity measurement in experimental tumours (author's transl)]. 19 Sep 72

The triangulation arrangement of one nitrogen and two oxygen atoms proposed as a requirement for antileukemic activity involving a "common receptor-complement feature" has been reevaluated specifically as it applies to nucleosides. This re-evaluation has resulted in a rejection of the "receptor-complement feature" as a working model for the a priori design of nucleosides as compounds active against leukemia L-1210.
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PMID:Evaluation of a common receptor-complement concept for predicting the antileukemic activity of nucleosides. 29 Oct 63

Multiple blood specimens with different leukocyte counts from two patients with extreme leukocytosis secondary to leukemia and unexplained hypoxemia were tonometered with a gas of known oxygen concentration and the decay of oxygen tension (PO2) was measured over time. The decay in PO2 in the first 2 minutes for blood with leukocyte counts of between 55.2 X 10(3)/mm3 and 490.0 X 10(3)/mm3 ranged from 13 to 72 torr. The degree of PO2 decay was blunted by placing the blood on ice and was obliterated by adding potassium cyanide. Thus, extreme leukocytosis secondary to leukemia can cause spurious hypoxemia and spurious lowering of the mixed venous PO2 due to oxygen consumption by leukocytes ("leukocyte larceny").
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PMID:Leukocyte larceny: a cause of spurious hypoxemia. 29 9

Sixteen cases of spontaneous necrotizing infection of the anorectum and perineum are described. Thirteen patients had clostridial infections and three had infections with nonclostridial organisms. Six patients were diabetic and two had leukemia. All 16 patients presented with pain, tenderness, swelling, and crepitation. Four had an ominous black spot on the scrotum or posterior labia. Shortly after initial recognition by the patient, all infections rapidly disseminated to include all surrounding areas such as the external genitalia, the anterior abdominal wall, and thighs. Treatment consisted of radical debridement and antibiotics; hyperbaric oxygen was used in the clostridial cases. Ten of the 16 patients survived. Delayed diagnosis and delayed treatment were the primary factors responsible for death.
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PMID:Necrotizing anorectal and perineal infections. 48 75

The hairy-cells (HC) of 10 patients with hairy-cell leukaemia were studied with several techniques to evaluate their phagocytic potential. Mononuclear cells from normal donors and from patients with acute monocytic leukaemia served as controls. Light microscopically HC seemed to have ingested bacteria or latex particles. Treatment of the cells with lysostaphin, an enzyme that kills extracellular Staphylococcus aureus, showed that almost all 'ingested' bacteria were extracellular. Lanthanum nitrate, added during the fixation procedure for electron microscopy, stained both the outer cell membrane and the membranes of the 'phagosomes' of the HC, also indicating that the 'ingested' particles were extracellular. HC showed no increased oxygen consumption on exposure to bacteria in the presence of serum. Furthermore, HC showed no lysozyme or peroxidase activity, whereas non-specific esterase activity was much weaker than in monocytes. These findings, which show that HC are essentially non-phagocytic, constitute strong evidence against a monocytic origin of the malignant cells of hairy-cell leukaemia.
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PMID:Phagocytic potential of hairy cells. 49 73

Phytohemagglutinin isolectins L4 and E4 inhibit the growth and proliferation of cultured L1210 murine leukemia cells. L1210 cells were incubated with L4 or E4, and the metabolic and morphological characteristics of the cells were assessed. Dose-dependent inhibition of up to 90% occurs for [3H]thymidine and [14C]uridine incorporation. L4 is 30 to 50 times more potent an inhibitor than is E4. Inhibition begins 2 to 3 hr after exposure of L1210 cells to L4 and persists for as long as the cells are exposed to this isoleuctin. Total DNA and oxygen consumption in L4-treated cultures is also decreased. Whereas protein synthesis assessed by [14C]valine incorporation is less affected, glucose utilization remains unchanged. The binding of L4 and E4 to L1210 cells and human lymphocytes is similar and is reversible by porcine thyroglobulin. Porcine thyroglobulin also reverses L4-induced inhibition of nucleotide incorporation. Cell aggregation is the major morphological consequence of isoleuctin treatment observed by light or electron microscopy. L1210 cells are agglutinated at lower doses of isoleuctins than are normal murine lymphocytes. No evidence of cell death as estimated by 51Cr release or trypan blue uptake has been noted. Our data indicate that L4 and E4 have cytostatic properties and demonstrate that the reversible binding of a macromolecule to the surface of a malignant cell can modulate synthetic pathways and the rate of proliferation.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of phytohemagglutinin isolectins L4 and E4 on L1210 cells. 56 79

The effects of various structural modifications on the antineoplastic activity of the benzenesulfonylhydrazone of 2-formylpyridine N-oxide have been ascertained in mice bearing either Sarcoma 180 or leukemia L1210. To accomplish this a variety of derivatives substituted at the aldehyde proton, the aryl ring, and the 4 position of the pyridine nucleus were synthesized. Antineoplastic activity was retained when nitro, amino, chloro, bromo, fluoro, and methoxy groups were introduced into either the meta or para positions of the phenyl ring of the parent compound. In addition, substitution of the terminal phenyl group by a pyridine ring or by a bulky aromatic ring such as alpha-naphthyl, beta-naphthyl, or fluorenyl did not abolish the marked antitumor activity expressed by this class of agents. Insertion of a nitro function or a morpholino group in the 4 position of the pyridine nucleus of the benzenesulfonylhydrazone of 2-formylpyridine N-oxide resulted in two potent anticancer agents, while the introduction of a chloro function in the 4 position led to a pronounced decrease in biological activity. Furthermore, the essentiality of the aldehydic proton for tumor-inhibitor activity was demonstrated by the inactivity of two derivatives in which the aldehydic proton was replaced by a methyl group or by an oxygen atom.
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PMID:Relationship between structure and antineoplastic activity of arylsulfonylhydrazones of 2-formylprydine N-oxide. 62 18

In 1954 a then 31-yr-old male was found to have erythrocytosis. Over the ensuing decade he received 72 mCi32P. In 1964 his daughters were found to have erythrocytosis. Further investigation led to the discovery of hemoglobin Yakima, a variant with high oxygen affinity. He received no further therapy and was well until 1975, when he developed the preleukemic syndrome. Within 12 mo. he developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia accompanied by fetal erythropoiesis. Because the inital discovery of this type of hemoglobinopathy came 27 yr after the introduction of 32P for use in the treatment of polycythemia vera, and because there are now known to be more than 39 different high-oxygen-affinity hemoglobins, we anticipate that more patients such as ours have been exposed to 32P. The exposed population should be cosely followed, since this will likely permit assessment of the risk of 32P-induced leukemia in a nonneoplastic condition.
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PMID:32P and acute leukemia: development of leukemia in a patient with hemoglobin Yakima. 66 62

The synthesis of a series of 4'-thio-5-halogenopyrimidine nucleosides, including the 5-fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo derivatives, has been carried out by condensation of the 2,4-bis-O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of the corresponding pyrimidine bases with the protected 4-thio-D-ribofuranosyl chloride. Among these, the alpha and beta anomers of 4'-thio-5-fluorouridine inhibited the growth of leukemia L1210 cells at concentrations of 4 x 10(-7) and 2 x 10(-7) M, respectively, and that of S. faecium at 4 x 10(-9) and 6 x 10(-10) M, respectively. These compounds retained marked activity against strains of S. faecium resistant to 10(-3) M 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouridine. As determined in S. faecium cultures, 4'-thio-5-fluorouridine decreased the total protein content of the cells more markedly than it did their RNA or DNA content. X-Ray crystallography showed that substitution of sulfur for the oxygen in the carbohydrate ring markedly changes the conformation of that moiety.
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PMID:Synthesis and biological activity of 5-fluoro-4'-thiouridine and some related nucleosides. 80 9


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