Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of Burkitt's lymphoma cell leukemia with recurrent hypophosphatemia that coincided with tumor growth, and hyperphosphatemia during tumor lysis is presented. Redistribution of body phosphorus with increased uptake by the rapidly replicating tumor cells is suggested. Tumor genesis syndrome seems to us to be a proper term to include metabolic abnormalities that result directly from tumor growth.
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PMID:Tumor genesis syndrome. Hypophosphatemia accompanying Burkitt's lymphoma cell leukemia. 372 4

One hundred four patients with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera and a variable period of follow-up had one or more cytogenetic investigations. Chromosome abnormalities were found in 13% of untreated patients, in 56% of cases treated with radioactive phosphorus (32P) or cytotoxic drugs, and in 85% of patients in which transformation of the disease had occurred. Nonrandom chromosome abnormalities found before treatment included +8, +9, 13q-, 20q-; their prognostic value is little, as they are often associated with longstanding, stable disease. In contrast, 5q- anomaly and the appearance of subclones in patients with an abnormal karyotype were found to be poor prognostic signs, as they are usually coincidental with evolution of the disease to myelofibrosis or leukemia. Chromosomally two patterns of acute leukemia were observed in polycythemia vera patients. The first type resembles de novo acute leukemia, in that the clinical and cytologic characteristics of the disorder are easily defined by FAB criteria and the chromosome changes compatible with the types usually found in those conditions. In the second type, assignment to a FAB morphologic subgroup was more difficult, myelodysplastic changes were often present, and the karyotype showed complex abnormalities frequently involving chromosomes #5 and #7. All these features suggest the occurrence of secondary leukemia.
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PMID:A chromosomal profile of polycythemia vera. 382 70

Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia were grown and expanded in liquid culture in the presence of Con A-conditioned medium. An accelerated development of cells of the basophilic lineage was observed and resulted in the appearance of 85% mature basophils after 14 days of incubation. Transmission electron microscopy of developing basophils showed changes in the nucleus and active granule formation in the cytoplasm. By scanning electron microscopy, the immature cells were relatively smooth in comparison with the mature basophils which showed membranous microvilli. The chemical content of the cells at different days of culture was detected by X-ray microanalysis. Immature cells were characterized by a high level of phosphorus with a low level of sulphur. As maturation progressed, the amount of phosphorus decreased, while the level of the sulphur increased, reaching its highest peak in the mature basophils. The different amount of sulphur found in the cells during the maturational process most probably represents the amount of heparin located in the cell granules. This finding may be useful for studying the influence of growth factors on the development and differentiation of human basophils.
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PMID:Growth of human basophil lines derived from chronic myelocytic leukaemia cells in vitro: ultrastructure and X-ray microanalysis studies. 385 21

Australia antigen [Au(1)], a particle associated with viral hepatitis, was isolated from the plasma of a patient with chronic anicteric hepatitis and leukemia who had received radioactive phosphorus. We have found that the immunoreactivity and appearance of Au(1) in the electron microscope were not altered by treatment with enzymes including trypsin, pronase, lipase, phospholipase C, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, amylase, and neuraminidase. In contrast, other serum constituents were degraded by these enzymes. Therefore, treatment of the patient's plasma with many enzymes was exploited as an initial step for the isolation of Au(1). Subsequently, Au(1) was purified from the enzyme-treated (32)P-labeled plasma by gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 and centrifugation through sucrose and in cesium chloride gradients. There were no detectable human serum components in the purest fractions, as tested by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The density of the purified Au(1) was 1.21 in CsCl. The particle measured about 200 A in diameter, was predominantly spherical in shape and appeared to be composed of subunits. Nucleic acids were not detected by spectrophotometric, radiochemical, and chemical analyses. Immunoreactivity of purified Au(1) was destroyed by heating for 1 hr at 85 degrees C but was stable at 56 degrees C. Treatment with Carnoy's solution (3 parts ethanol:1 part glacial acetic acid) followed by pronase disrupted the particles as seen with the electron microscope. These findings, combined with other published information on Australia antigen and viral hepatitis, suggest that the bulk of Australia antigen in the blood of this patient is an incomplete virus or virus capsid.
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PMID:Australia antigen (a hepatitis-associated antigen): purification and physical properties. 424 40

Analysis of controlled studies performed by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group (P.V.S.G.) and the European Organization for Research in Treatment of Cancer (E.O.R.T.C.) indicate that busulphan (Myleran) (BU) is the treatment of choice for polycythemia vera (PV). BU is particularly effective as compared to aspirin and dipyridamole (Persantine) or radioactive phosphorus (32P) in preventing the thrombotic and atherosclerotic complications of PV. In contradistinction to chlorambucil (CM), BU is not associated with an unacceptable increase in the incidence of leukemia. The pharmacology of BU remains unclear, but certainly it cannot be considered a classic alkylating agent. BU suppresses the activity of the reverse transcriptase-like RNA dependent DNA polymerase in the platelets of these patients. A clearer understanding of the role of BU in the treatment of the myeloproliferative disorders will provide important insights into the etiology and pathogenesis not only of preneoplastic states, but also thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Busulphan: effect on platelet RNA dependent DNA polymerase--implications in the treatment of polycythemia vera, thrombosis and atherosclerosis. 618 58

An electron energy filter of the Castaing-Henry type in a high resolution transmission electron microscopy was tested for sensitivity and spatial resolution at a specific electron energy loss in energy selected images of a murine leukaemia virus. Electron spectroscopic images of phosphorus within the virus membrane bilayer demonstrated a best spatial resolution between 0.3 and 0.5 nm and a sensitivity of 2 X 10(-21) g.
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PMID:Spatial resolution and detection sensitivity in microanalysis by electron loss selected imaging. 626 90

A patient with prolymphocytic leukemia is described. The peripheral blood and bone-marrow cells contained nuclear pockets, bridges, and appendices, as well as cytoplasmic inclusions that were not membrane bound or connected with the endoplasmic reticulum. X-ray microanalysis of the cells showed them to contain large amounts of phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and calcium, as well as a smaller amount of sodium and magnesium in comparison with control lymphocytes. When compared with lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the patient's cells showed higher amounts of magnesium, sulfur, and chlorine, while the sodium content was decreased. The usefulness of electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis in the diagnosis of this type of leukemia is discussed.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic inclusions and X-ray microprobe analysis in a case of prolymphocytic leukemia. 633 Jan 23

Glycosphingolipids of neutrophils, lymphocytes and leukocytes from patients with various types of human leukemia [acute lymphoblastic (ALL), acute unclassified type (AUL), acute myeloblastic (AML), acute monocytic (AMoL), chronic myeloblastic (CML)] and the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) were analyzed chemically and immunochemically. No distinct difference was found in the molar ratio of lipid-bound sialic acid to lipid-bound phosphorus in these cells, but a low ratio of cholesterol to lipid-bound phosphorus was found in ALL (3 of 4 cases), AML, CML and AMoL (one of 2 cases). The predominant glycosphingolipid was ceramide dihexoside (CDH) in all cells analyzed, but the amount and the molar ratio of lipid-bound phosphorus to CDH were clearly different in different cell types, indicating that the molar ratio is a useful criterion in the classification of types of leukemia. In addition, molecular diversity of minor glycosphingolipid components was observed in various leukemic cells. Two of the neutral glycosphingolipids in AMoL were tentatively identified as asialo GM1 and Forssman glycolipids by comparing their mobilities on thin-layer chromatography with those of standard glycolipids and by observing the formation of precipitin lines on a double diffusion agar plate with anti-asialo GM1 and anti-Forssman antibodies.
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PMID:Characterization of glycosphingolipids from cells of various types of human leukemia: occurrence of two glycosphingolipids, one reacting with anti-asialo GM1 antibody and one with anti-Forssman antibody. 688 97

A 51-year-man was seen with the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The WBC count was 380,000/microL at presentation. The serum phosphorus concentration was 0.4 mg/dL and 0.2 mg/dL prior to any phosphorus replacement. Urinary phosphorus excretion was too low to be measured. The patient did not demonstrate any of the usual causes of profound hypophosphatemia with hypophosphaturia. The parathyroid glands were normal at necropsy. Reasons for believing the profound hypophosphatemia was due to phosphorus uptake by the leukemic cells are discussed.
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PMID:Marked hypophosphatemia associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Indirect evidence of phosphorus uptake by leukemic cells. 693 88

In studies to determine the optimal treatment for polycythemia vera, 431 previously untreated patients whose disease met established diagnostic criteria were entered into a prospective, randomized controlled trial between 1967 and 1974. Three treatment regimens were used: phlebotomy alone, chlorambucil supplemented by phlebotomy, or radioactive phosphorus supplemented by phlebotomy. Despite minor differences in age and sex, the three groups were comparable in initial hematocrit, white-cell and platelet counts, and disease-related symptoms. The median duration of follow-up is now more than 6 1/2 years. As of February 15, 1980, there were no statistically significant differences in survival among the groups. However, the risk of acute leukemia in patients given chlorambucil was 2.3 times that in patients given radioactive phosphorus and 13 times that in patients treated with phlebotomy alone. The increased incidence of leukemia during chlorambucil treatment is statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.002); accordingly, the Polycythemia Vera Study Group has discontinued the use of chlorambucil in the treatment of polycythemia vera.
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PMID:Increased incidence of acute leukemia in polycythemia vera associated with chlorambucil therapy. 700 81


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