Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Syntheses and structure-activity relationships of 7-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-a-L-lyxo- (18), -L-arabino- (20) and -L-ribo- hexopyranosyl)-epsilon-isorhodomycins (25) and their 3'-dimethylamino derivatives 22, 23 and 26 are described. Condensation (trimethylsilyl triflate, molecular sieves 4 A, 10:1 dichloromethane-acetone, -15 degrees) of epsilon-isorhodomycinone (epsilon-isoRMN, 6) with 1,5-anhydro-4-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-3-trifluoroacetamido-L-lyxo- (5) -L-arabino- (9) or -L-ribo-hex-l-enitols (10) afforded mainly the 7-O-a-glycosyl-epsilon-isoRMNs 7, 11, and 12. Similar glycosylation of 6 with 1,5-anhydro-3-azido-4-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-arabino-hex-1-++ +enitol (15) yielded a-glycoside 16. Removal (M NaOH) of the p-nitrobenzoyl and trifluoroacetyl groups from 7, 11, and 12 gave the 7-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-a-L-hexopyranosyl)-epsilon-isoRMNs 18, 20, and 25. Reductive alkylation (CH2O, NaCNBH3) of these products afforded the 3'-N,N-dimethyl analogues 22, 23, and 26. The cytotoxic effect (IC50) of the semisynthetic epsilon-isorhodomycins was tested in vitro in leukemia cell line L1210.
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PMID:Semisynthetic epsilon-isorhodomycins: their synthesis using glycals and their structure-activity relationship. 222 81

A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the quantitation of homoharringtonine in plasma. Harringtonine was used as an internal standard, and 1 ml of sample was required. The single-step extraction with dichloromethane resulted in almost 100% recovery for homoharringtonine and harringtonine. Analysis was performed on a reversed-phase CN column with amperometric detection. Chromatography was completed in 12 min. At an oxidation potential of +1.0 V, the detection limit was 1 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. The mean analytical recovery for homoharringtonine was 99.5%. The within-run precision and between-run precision were both less than 11%. The method is equally applicable for plasma or serum, and it has been demonstrated to be applicable for study of the pharmacokinetics of homoharringtonine in patients suffering from acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:Quantitation of homoharringtonine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. 259 9

Seven purine nucleosides containing the 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl moiety were synthesized and tested for their antitumor activity. Direct condensation of 3-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide (1) with N6-benzoyladenine in CH2Cl2 followed by saponification of the product afforded the adenine nucleoside (I, 2'-F-ara-A). Deamination of I with NaNO2 in HOAc gave the hypoxanthine analogue (II, 2'-F-ara-H). The 6-thiopurine nucleoside (III, 2'-F-ara-6MP) was prepared by condensation of 1 with 6-chloropurine by the mercury procedure followed by thiourea treatment and saponification of the product. Methylation of III gave the 6-SCH3 analogue (IV). Raney Ni desulfurization of III afforded the unsubstituted purine nucleoside (V, 2'-F-ara-P). Condensation of 1 with 2-acetamido-6-chloropurine by the silyl procedure afforded the protected 2-acetamido-6-chloropurine nucleoside which served as the precursor for both the guanine and 6-thioguanine nucleosides (VI, 2'-F-ara-G and VII, 2'-F-ara-TG, respectively). Thus, alkaline hydrolysis of the precursor gave VI. Thiourea treatment prior to alkaline hydrolysis gave VII. The new nucleoside, 2'-F-ara-G (VI) is found to be selectively toxic to human T-cell leukemia CCRF-CEM.
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PMID:Nucleosides. CXXXV. Synthesis of some 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-9H-purines and their biological activities. 274 79

Further investigation of a CH2Cl2 fraction prepared from the South African tree Combretum caffrum for substances inhibitory to the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia (PS system) cell line has led to the isolation of two new bibenzyls, designated combretastatins B-3 and B-4, accompanied by the previously known bibenzyls 7, 8, and 9. The structure of each substance was ascertained by results of mass and nmr spectral analyses and confirmed by crystal structure determination (for 7) or synthesis. Combretastatins B-3 and B-4 gave PS ED50 values of 0.4 and 1.7 micrograms/ml, respectively, and bibenzyls 7, 8, and 9 were comparably cell growth inhibitory against the PS cell line with ED50 results of 1.7, 2.5, and 0.25 ug/ml, respectively. All the bibenzyls caused leukemia cells to accumulate in mitosis at cytotoxic drug concentrations; however, a wide range of in vitro activity against the protein tubulin (the major component of the mitotic spindle) was observed.
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PMID:Isolation, structure, synthesis, and antimitotic properties of combretastatins B-3 and B-4 from Combretum caffrum. 340 49

New piperazides 1-15 were synthesized as analogues of an agent active against Leukemia 1210, 4.4'-(2-methyl-1,4- piperazinediyl )-bis-(4-oxo)-2- butenoic acid diethyl ester, NG (NSC 337310). The piperazides were synthesized by treatment of 2-methyl or 2,5-dimethyl-piperazine with maleic acid ester chlorides in CH2Cl2 or in aqueous medica in the presence of anhydr . K2CO3 . The influence of compound NG (NSC 337310) and several new derivatives on P 388 Lymphocytic Leukemia was tested: only compound NG have demonstrated a satisfactory activity.
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PMID:Synthesis and antileukemic properties of 2-methyl and 2,5-dimethylpiperazides. 667 97

Homoharringtonine and harringtonine are esters of cephalotaxine and are naturally occurring alkaloids in certain coniferous trees in China. These compounds have been shown to have activity against certain types of leukemia in cell cultures, experimental animals, and initial clinical trials in China, and will undergo Phase I trials in several institutions. A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric technique was developed for the quantification of both drugs in serum. One drug serves as internal standard for the other. The drugs are extracted from serum with dichloromethane and are quantified by monitoring the protonated molecular ions of the trimethylsilyl derivatives obtained by chemical ionization (methane). Masses monitored are: m/z = 690 for homoharringtonine and m/z = 676 for harringtonine. Detection limit: 10 ng ml-1 (20 nmol); reproducibility: 1.6-15.0% in the 0-200 ng ml-1 range. Serum levels of harringtonine reached 145 ng mg-1 upon intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg kg-1 in BDF-3 mice.
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PMID:Quantification of homoharringtonine and harringtonine in serum by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. 716 86

Treatment of cumingianosides and cumindysoside A, which possess a 14,18-cycloapotirucallane skeleton, with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH2Cl2 yielded new triterpene glucosides. Cumingianoside A (1) gave 10 and 11, along with cumingianoside Q (5). The structures of 10 and 11 were determined on the basis of spectral examination and contained a dammar-13(17)-ene and a 17(R),23(R)-epoxydammarane skeleton, respectively. Cumingianoside C (2) afforded, together with cumingianoside P (6), products 12 and 13, which were similar to 10 and 11, respectively. With a short reaction time at room temperature, cumingianoside E (3) yielded cumingianoside D (4). In contrast, when 3 was treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH2Cl2 overnight at 5 degrees C, it gave two products, 9 and 14. Extensive spectroscopic examination revealed that 9 possessed a dammar-12-ene skeleton, while 14 was a pentacyclic tetranortriterpene glucoside with a novel skeleton. Cumindysoside A (8) gave a product (15) similar to 14. The cytotoxicities of 9-15 were evaluated against a panel of 58 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 11-15 exhibited potent cytotoxicity with log GI50 values ranging from -7.11 to -4.94, especially against leukemia and colon-tumor cell lines.
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PMID:Antitumor agents. 180. Chemical Studies and cytotoxic evaluation of cumingianosides and cumindysoside A, antileukemic triterpene glucosides with a 14,18-cycloapotirucallane skeleton. 939 79

6-Chloropurine derivatives of gamma-(Z)-ethylidene-2,3-dimethoxybutenolide 3a, gamma-(Z)-ethylidene-2-methoxy-3-(4-nitro)benzyloxybutenolide 3b, gamma-(Z)-ethylidene-2-(4-nitro)benzyloxy-3-methoxybutenolide 3c, gamma-(Z)-ethylidene-2,3-di(4-nitro)benzyloxybutenolide 3d, and dimethylphosphono-gamma-(Z)-ethylidene-2,3-dimethoxybutenolide 11 as well as the adenine derivative of gamma-(Z)-ethylidene-2,3-dimethoxybutenolide 6 were synthesized. The key steps in the high-yield synthesis of 6 involved hydration/dehydration of the C(4)=C(5) in the precursor 3a. In the presence of NH4OH at elevated temperature, 3a underwent a reverse Michael-type addition with water to produce hydrate 5. At 37 degrees C, 6 was also hydrated in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase to afford 5. Butenolide 6 exhibited an inhibitory property toward the enzyme. Such type II (enzyme-mediated addition of water across C(4)=C(5)) mechanism is the first example of "enzyme-substrate intermediate" inactivation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. In contrast with type I mechanism-based inactivation, reduction of enzyme-bound NADP(+) to NADPH was not observed. Upon treatment with HCl, stereoselective dehydration of 5 occurred to give the target molecule 6. At ambident temperature, 3a was hydrated in the presence of NH4OH or pig liver esterase to produce 6-chloropurine derivative 4. An unambiguous proof of the structures of 3-5 was obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis. For the synthesis of phosphonate derivative 11, the key step involved chlorination of phosphonate 9 by use of CF3SO2Cl and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in CH2Cl2. 6-Chloropurine-containing butenolide 3d, 6-chloropurine derivative of 4-hydroxybutenolide 4, and adenine-containing 4-hydroxybutenolide 5 did not show anticancer and antiviral activities. 6-Chloropurine-containing ethylidene-2,3-dialkoxybutenolides 3a-c and phosphonate 11, however, exhibited inhibitory activity against murine leukemias (L1210 and P388), breast carcinoma (MCF7), and human T-lymphoblasts (Molt4/C8 and CEM/0) cell lines. They were also notably active toward thymidine kinase-deficient varicella-zoster virus (TK(-)VZV). Adenine-containing ethylidene-2,3-dimethoxybutenolide 6 exhibited marked selectivity in cytostatic activity against the murine leukemia (P388) cell line.
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PMID:Synthesis and biological evaluation of purine-containing butenolides. 1135 10

The probable antipyretic, antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of Kageneckia oblonga, Rosaceae, were investigated and the major compounds of its active extracts were isolated. The study comprised the acute toxicity of the extracts of global methanol, hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The cytotoxicity of global methanol extract was studied in three tumoral cell lines. All the extracts exhibited the pharmacological activities under study. Methanol and dichloromethane were the most toxic extracts. From the global methanol extract, isolations were performed of prunasin, 23,24- dihydro-cucurbitacin F, and a new cucurbitacin, 3beta-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)-16alpha,23alpha-epoxycucurbita-5,24-diene-11-one. The cytotoxicity of both cucurbitacins on human neutrophils at the assayed concentrations was not statistically significant. In-vitro assays showed that both cucurbitacins can be partly responsible for the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Evaluation was done of the cytotoxicity of global methanol extract, 23, 24-dihydrocucurbitacin F, aqueous extracts and prunasin against P-388 murine leukaemia, A-549 human lung carcinoma and HT-29 colon carcinoma. Since global methanol extract presented a strong cytotoxicity against P-388 murine leukaemia, A-549 human lung carcinoma, and HT-29 cell lines, it is highly probable that this extract contain one or more cytotoxic compounds that could be investigated for their potential use as an agent against cancer.
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PMID:Pharmaco-toxicological study of Kageneckia oblonga, Rosaceae. 1192 21

The major cytotoxic activity of Moxa was extracted with CH2Cl2 and partially purified by three cycles of silica gel column chromatography. The active fractions showed higher cytotoxicity against six human tumor cell lines (two oral squamous cell carcinoma, one salivary gland tumor, one melanoma, two leukemia) than three normal oral human cells (gingival fibroblast, periodontal ligament fibroblast, pulp cell). All fractions failed to protect the cells from the cytopathic effect induced by HIV infection. ESR spectroscopy showed that all fractions produced little or no radical under alkaline conditions, while showing much lower O2- scavenging activity, generated by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, than antioxidants and polyphenols. Active fractions induced DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells, but failed to modify the mobility and activity of mitochondrial Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), in contrast to Moxa smoke. These data suggest that the active principles in the Moxa extract might be different from that in Moxa smoke, which produced carbon radical and modified MnSOD mobility and activity.
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PMID:Partial purification of cytotoxic substances from moxa extract. 1252 96


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