Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischemic colitis is a disease complex that presents as a continuum of mucosal and submucosal hemorrhage, late stricture formation and frank gangrene. The exact form depends upon the degree, site and duration of the vascular occlusion, the presence of collateral vessels and the intraluminal pressure in the colon. In a study group of 19 women and seven men, the majority of whom were in the seventh to eighth decades of life, most frequent symptoms were crampy abdominal pain and abdominal distention associated with bloody diarrhea. Ischemic colitis occurred with increased colonic intraluminal pressure, generalized decreased vascular flow and embolic phenomenon. The predominating predisposing causes were atherosclerosis, shock and congestive heart failure as well as leukemia. The results of barium enema studies showed a pathognomonic condition that included thumbprinting, mucosal ulcerations and sacculations. Arteriography, generally, was not helpful, and results of sigmoidoscopy were invariably negative, since the rectum seldom is involved in ischemic colitis. Conservative treatment should include intestinal rest, low molecular weight dextran and antibiotics. Early operative intervention is recommended when conservative therapy fails or signs of peritoneal irritation become evident.
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PMID:Ischemia of the colon. 125 13

Enhancer duplication in the long terminal repeat of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was examined in primary cells from naturally FeLV-infected cats with various neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases using the polymerase chain reaction. In all cases, a 170-bp band, corresponding to a standard exogenous FeLV with one copy of enhancer, was detected. Repeated enhancer sequences were found in all 8 cases of thymic-form lymphosarcoma, in some cases of lymphosarcoma of other forms (3/8) and myeloid tumors (2/3), and in only 1 of 6 cases with nonneoplastic diseases. The copy number of FeLV proviruses with a repeated enhancer seemed higher than that of those with one copy of enhancer in 3 cases of thymic form lymphosarcoma. In 5 cases of thymic form lymphosarcoma and in 1 case of erythroleukemia, coexistent FeLVs with double and triple enhancers of different sizes were found. Of the enhancer elements, only the SV40 core binding site was found in all the enhancer direct repeats of these FeLVs. All the provirus clones with single and duplicated enhancer sequences from a single tumor showed mutations or deletions characteristic to that tumor, indicating that enhancer repeats may arise in individual animals after infection with a single virus clone. The present findings indicate that FeLV with enhancer repeats generated in the cat is associated with the induction of neoplastic diseases in natural conditions.
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PMID:Detection of enhancer repeats in the long terminal repeats of feline leukemia viruses from cats with spontaneous neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. 132 98

Gastric mucosal lesions in 13 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) were endoscopically studied at least at 2 occasions during chemotherapy for these patients. X-ray examinations by using barium meal showed deformities in 10 patients and abnormal mucosal pattern in 11 out of 13 patients with ATL. The endoscopic examinations revealed gastric ulcers in 5 patients, erosion in 8, diffuse bleeding in 2, tumorous mucosal folds in one, and submucosal tumor in one patient. In 9 out of 12 ATL patients, pathological study revealed that ATL cells had invaded the mucosal area of the stomach. The ulcers and erosions were improved by chemotherapy in 3 out of 5 and 5 out of 8 patients, respectively, whereas the erosion was not reduced in 2 and even aggravated in one patient. Interestingly, the gastric lesions formed by ATL cell invasion were improved by the administration of anticancer agents in 5 out of 9 patients. However, these lesions reappeared together with systemic lesions of ATL.
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PMID:[Endoscopic analysis of gastric mucosal lesions in patients with adult T-cell leukemia during chemotherapy]. 141 11

To assess the risks of leukemia for individuals participating in a gastric mass screening program using barium photofluorographic examination in Japan, a population-based, case-control study was carried out. The histories of participation in the last 10 years of 79 leukemia cases diagnosed between 1978 and 1985 and twofold controls matched for sex, age (+/- 5 years), and residence were investigated using the records of the gastric mass screening program. The odds ratio of any type of leukemia for those participating at least once in the last 10 years was 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.96) and that of myeloid type was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-2.27). Even when the histories of the preceding 5 years were ignored, no significant excess risks were found among patients with any type and myeloid type of leukemia. These results suggest that there is insufficient evidence to support the positive association between the incidence of leukemia and participation in gastric mass screening. The limitations and implications of this analysis are discussed.
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PMID:Risk of leukemia among participants of gastric mass screening survey in Japan: a population-based, case-control study. 147 18

Whole-cell recordings were made from rat basophilic leukemia cells. The properties of the cells in the potential range negative to -20 mV could be accounted for by two potassium conductances, a leakage conductance (0.54 +/- 0.01 nS, mean +/- s.e.m., n = 6) and an inward rectifier conductance. The inward rectifier conductance activated at a potential close to EK and had a maximal value of 2.7 +/- 0.22 nS (n = 6). Cesium (2 mM, n = 6) decreased the inward current at every potential. Strontium (10 mM, n = 7) and rubidium (2 mM, n = 3) had a similar effect, but they also increased the slope conductance between -63 and -103 mV. Barium (1-100 microM) blocked selectively the inward rectifying current without affecting the leakage current; the effect was use-, voltage-, and temperature-dependent. TEA decreased the current; the concentration giving 50% inhibition was 37.5 mM. The current was unaffected by phorbol esters as well as several hormones and transmitters that were tested.
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PMID:The inward rectifier potassium conductance in rat basophilic leukemia cells. 157 1

Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) is a replication-competent retrovirus which induces T-lymphoblastic lymphoma 2 to 4 months after inoculation. Enhancer sequences in the U3 region of the M-MuLV long terminal repeat, primarily the 75-bp tandem repeats, strongly influence the disease specificity and latency of M-MuLV. We investigated the role of GC-rich sequences downstream of the tandem repeats in the disease specificity of M-MuLV. A recombinant M-MuLV lacking 23 bases of a GC-rich sequence (-174 to -151), Delta 27A M-MuLV, was tested for pathogenesis in neonatal NIH Swiss mice. Delta 27A M-MuLV induced disease with a longer latency than did M-MuLV (7 versus 3 months) in greater than 85% of inoculated mice. More interestingly, this virus showed an expanded repertoire of hematopoietic diseases. Molecular analyses and histopathologic examinations indicated that while 39% of mice inoculated with Delta 27A M-MuLV developed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma typical of wild-type M-MuLV, the majority developed acute myeloid leukemia, erythroleukemia, or B-cell lymphoma. Viral DNA corresponding to Delta 27A M-MuLV was detectable in most of the tumors analyzed. These findings indicate that the GC-rich region significantly influences the disease specificity and latency of M-MuLV.
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PMID:Deletion of a GC-rich region flanking the enhancer element within the long terminal repeat sequences alters the disease specificity of Moloney murine leukemia virus. 189 89

Although bacteremia caused by non-typhoidal salmonella is frequently observed in immunocompromised hosts, it is rare to find this condition in healthy subjects. In this report, we present a case of bacteremia due to Salmonella enteritidis detected in a healthy man. A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a fifty-day history of fever on May 18, 1985. On admission, he showed no symptoms except high body temperature (38.8 degrees C). In the laboratory data, C-reactive protein was 3+, white- cell count was 9600, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 12 mm/h. Culture in blood and stool yielded Salmonella enteritidis. However, no abnormal findings were found in UGIS, barium enema, OC + DIC, abdominal CT and echography. As soon as Ampicillin was administered, the fever was gone and the blood culture yielded nothing. After six months, the stool culture was negative for pathological intestinal bacterial flora and he was in good physical condition. Generally, bacteremia develops mainly in the immunocompromised hosts, such as patients with neoplastic disease, AIDS, leukemia or collagen disease. The literature provides so far twenty three adult cases of bacteremia due to non-typhoidal salmonella in Japan. Only two of them had no systemic disease as well as our case. Although it is unknown why bacteremia developed in this healthy man, we reported that bacteremia developed rarely in subjects with healthy condition.
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PMID:[A case of bacteremia due to Salmonella enteritidis in healthy man]. 207 75

Mass screening for stomach cancer has been widely performed throughout Japan, since stomach cancer is the most important disease among various malignant diseases in Japan. As a screening test, the X-ray diagnosis with barium contrast medium is used and the risk of X-ray exposure must be considered in order to compare with the benefit of the mass screening. We have reported in the previous article in 1977 that the benefit and risk of stomach cancer mass screening become equal at age of 40 y.o. Since then, various conditions with the mass screening of stomach cancer have changed so that reevaluation of the benefit and risk relationship is necessary. Especially the risk coefficient of radiation-induced stomach cancer has been revised drastically in the report of United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of radiation in 1988. So, in this report, the benefit of mass screening of stomach cancer is defined as the net elongation of average life expectancy due to the life saved, and the risk of the screening is defined as the net shortage of average life expectancy due to the radiation-induced stomach cancer and leukemia. Since the benefit increases rapidly with age and the risk decreases with age, a certain age at which the benefit and risk become identical should be found and under this age the mass screening is not justified to be performed. Assuming X-ray dose equivalent to stomach of 10 mSv and risk coefficient of stomach cancer of 12.6 X 10(-3) Sv-1 from the United Nations report, the critical age is found to be about 35 y.o. for men and women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Reevaluation of benefit and risk of mass screening for stomach cancer--comparison between X-ray diagnosis and endoscopy as the screening test]. 238 20

The effects of the dihydropyridine calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644 on indo-1-loaded Jurkat human leukemia T lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. Bay K 8644 from 10(-9) to 10(-4) M caused a dose-dependent rise in the intracellular free Ca concentration, an effect that was not mimicked by the dihydropyridine Ca antagonist nifedipine. Single channel recordings by the extracellular patch-clamp technique indicated that Bay K 8644 activated an 8-pS, barium-permeable channel that opened as bursts of brief events. The channel appeared to be identical to the previously described voltage-insensitive, messenger-mediated, calcium-permeable channel involved in T cell activation. The predominant effect of Bay K 8644 on these channels was to increase the probability of channel reopening, apparently without a major effect on mean channel open-time. The results suggest that the dihydropyridine Ca agonist Bay K 8644 interacts with both voltage-gated and receptor-operated Ca channels and also suggest potential strategies for development of a new class of immunomodulatory drugs.
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PMID:Dihydropyridine Bay K 8644 activates T lymphocyte calcium-permeable channels. 245 20

Enhancer elements within nonleukemogenic (Akv) and T-cell leukemogenic (SL3-3) murine leukemia viruses demonstrate strong cell type preference in transcriptional activity. These transcription elements are additionally regulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and this pattern of regulation varies according to cell type. The sequences required for dexamethasone regulation for both Akv and SL3-3 are shown to include a 17-nucleotide consensus sequence previously termed the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). Although the GREs are identical for both viral enhancers, the sequences surrounding these elements differ, as does the spatial arrangement of the GRE sequences with respect to one another. It is proposed that the spatial arrangement of the GREs, as well as their precise sequence context, determines the difference in the response to dexamethasone of the enhancers in different cell types.
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PMID:Regulatory elements within the murine leukemia virus enhancer regions mediate glucocorticoid responsiveness. 283 92


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