Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is exogenous for human transmission by viral infection and was shown to be a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in man. Monkeys of several species were found to have antibodies reactive with HTLV-I antigens and thus infection with HTLV-I like retroviruses was suspected. The retroviruses in several species of monkeys were characterized by Southern hybridization, molecular cloning and sequencing. These monkey retroviruses, tentatively called simian T-cell leukemia viruses (STLV), have a genome structure of LTR-gag-pol-env-pX-LTR and are highly homologous with HTLV-I in all regions. A DNA clone of the STLV was isolated from a pig-tailed monkey and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The STLV showed 90% homology in the nucleotide sequence with that of HTLV-I in env-pX-LTR region. This highly homologous sequence indicates that the STLV is a member of the HTLV family but apparently different from HTLV-I. This result excluded the possibility of recent interspecies viral transmission from monkeys to humans, and suggested that STLV can be useful as an animal model in studies on HTLV-I transmission and leukemogenesis in humans. Supporting this suggestion, an African green monkey which was naturally infected with STLV was found to have developed T-cell leukemia that was very similar to human ATL.
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PMID:Characterization of simian retrovirus genome related to human T-cell leukemia virus type I. 610 Jun 42

A human retrovirus ATLV (adult T-cell leukemia virus) was isolated from adult T-cell leukemia ATL and characterized. All ATL patients tested so far contained the provirus sequence in the leukemic cells and the site of the provirus integration indicated that the leukemic cells are monoclonal. However, in healthy carriers of ATLV, the proviruses are integrated at random sites. Molecularly cloned ATLV provirus DNA was sequenced from both terminal regions. The provirus was shown to contain two LTR sequences at each terminus of 8.7 kb viral genome and also contain proline tRNA binding site. These structural features indicate that the virus replicates by the same mechanisms as animal retro-viruses, but distinct from any group of the known animal retroviruses.
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PMID:[Identification of adult T-cell leukemia virus and its gene structure]. 619 66

Two proteins, termed gp60 and p30, have been purified to homogeneity from bovine leukemia virus (BLV) using controlled pore glass and reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). gp60 was shown to be a glycoprotein by identification of glucosamine on the amino acid analyzer. Antiserum prepared to gp60 recognized in addition to gp60 a 52,000-Da polypeptide in some virus preparations, but did not cross-react with p30. The amino and carboxyl termini of gp60 were found to be tryptophan and arginine, respectively, and a 38-residue amino-terminal sequence of gp60 (NH2TrpArgXSerLeuSerLeuGlyAsnGlnGlnTrpMetThrAlaTyrAsnGlnGluAlaLys PheSerIleSerIleAspGlnIleLeuGluAlaHisAsnGlnSerProPhe-) was obtained. A 12-residue amino-terminal sequence for p30 (NH2SerProValAlaAlaLeuThrLeuGlySerAlaLeu) was also obtained. The p30 sequence showed substantial homology to the transmembrane proteins of both types B and C retroviruses and also to a deduced sequence of the 3' region of the env gene of human T-cell leukemia virus. From these results and from elution behavior of these proteins on RPLC, it was concluded that gp60 and p30 are the BLV env gene-encoded surface glycoprotein and transmembrane protein, respectively.
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PMID:The envelope proteins of bovine leukemia virus: purification and sequence analysis. 620 44

Intermediate metabolites of tryptophan, 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (3-OHKY), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA) and anthranilic acid (AA), and an enzyme inhibitor from 3-OHKY to 3-OHAA, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) with or without 3-OHKY at the maximum tolerated dose were injected s.c. to infant CDF1 mice. AA and 3-OHAA were tested transplacentally for tumorigenicity. Animals treated were observed for 1 year. Hepatocellular adenoma was developed at the incidence of 21.7% in male mice administered with 3-OHKY and INH as compared with 5.6% incidence in control males, but no leukemia was induced. Incidences of lung (3.4--15.0%) and liver tumors (4--5%) in other groups treated at infant stage were comparable to that in controls (lung: 11.1%; liver: 5.6%). Other tumors were one angiogenic sarcoma in a female treated with 3-OHAA, and one granulosa cell tumor of ovary in female treated with INH. Transplacentally the 10.3% incidence of liver tumor in male offspring, whose mothers were treated with AA, was slightly higher than that in male control (5.6%). However, the incidences of tumor were apparently in a critical level in these experimental conditions.
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PMID:Comparative study of tumorigenicity in mice administered transplacentally or neonatally with metabolites of tryptophan and its related compounds. 624 61

The genomes of murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) isolated from wild mice have been studied. Detailed restriction endonuclease maps of the 8.8-kilobase (kb) unintegrated linear viral DNAs were derived for five ecotropic and five amphotropic MuLV's from California field mice, for Friend MuLV, and for one ecotropic and one xenotropic MuLV from Mus musculus castaneus. In general, the California MuLV's were similar in their leftward 6 kb (corresponding to the leftward long terminal repeat [LTR], gag, and pol) and rightward 1 kb (7.8 to 8.8 kb, corresponding to p15E and the rightward LTR). For the region spanning 6.0 to 7.7 kb (which includes the sequences that encode gp70) the amphotropic MuLV's shared few enzyme sites with the ecotropic MuLV's, although the California ecotropic MuLV's were highly related to each other in this region, as were the amphotropic MuLV's. Cross-hybridization studies between amphotropic and California ecotropic MuLV DNAs indicated that they were not homologous in the region 6.3 to 7.6 kb; the California ecotropic viral DNAs cross-hybridized in this region to AKR ecotropic MuLV. When the California viral DNAs were compared with AKR ecotropic viral DNA, many differences in enzyme sites were noted throughout the genome. The U3 regions of the wild mouse LTRs showed partial homology to this region in AKR MuLV. The LTR of Moloney MuLV was highly related to that of the California MuLV's, whereas the LTR of Friend MuLV appeared to be a recombinant between the two types of LTRs. The M. musculus castaneus isolates were most closely related to ecotropic and xenotropic MuLV's isolated from inbred mice. One amphotropic MuLV DNA was cloned from supercoiled viral DNA at its unique EcoRI site in pBR322. Viral DNAs with one and two LTRs were isolated. After digestion with EcoRI, DNAs of both types were infectious. It is concluded that ecotropic and amphotropic MuLV's differ primarily in the region which encodes gp70.
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PMID:Genomes of murine leukemia viruses isolated from wild mice. 627 Mar 51

Ten murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related DNA sequences were isolated from C3H/HeN mouse genomic DNA by cloning of EcoRI fragments in a Charon 4A vector. Detailed restriction endonuclease maps of four of the clones were developed by using AKR MuLV [32P]cDNA as a probe. C3H clone 14-9 contains approximately 7 kilobase pairs of MuLV-related DNA, one copy of an MuLV long terminal repeat-like sequence, and a region of flanking mouse DNA. C3H clones 34.2 and 36.1 contain approximately 2 kilobase pairs of MuLV-related DNA, one copy of a MuLV LTR-like sequence, and differing lengths of flanking mouse DNA sequences. C3H clone 8.13 was found to contain an insert of 5.7 kilobase pairs of MuLV-related DNA with two long terminal repeat-like regions and sequences which are partially homologous to AKv-1. Comparison fo the restriction endonuclease cleavage maps of these C3H clones with maps recently developed for ecotropic and xenotropic MuLV DNAs indicates that C3H clone 14-9 corresponds to the 5'-terminal portion of a genomic DNA sequence related to xenotropic MuLVs, whereas C3H clones 34.2 and 36.1 correspond to the 3' terminal portions of genomic DNA sequences related to xenotropic MuLVs. Clone 8.13 represents a deleted, xenotropic MuLV-related provirus. C3H clones 14-9, 34.2, 36.1, and 8.13 provide defined DNA sequence probes with which to characterize the organization and expression of endogenous MuLV-related DNA sequences in the mouse genome.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of murine leukemia virus-related DNA sequences from C3H/HeN mouse DNA. 628 91

We have microinjected genomic DNA clones containing the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) proviral genome and flanking mouse sequences from Mov-3, Mov-7 and Mov-10 mice into Xenopus laevis oocytes and analyzed the virus-specific transcription and translation products. These mouse strains carry a proviral genome copy of M-MuLV in their germ line at different chromosomal positions and differ from each other with respect to expression of the proviral genome. We show here that the different M-MuLV proviral genome copies were transcribed into virus-specific RNA with similar efficiencies. Transcription of viral RNA initiated correctly at the viral promoter in the 5' LTR, whereas the promoter in the 3' LTR was used with a much lower frequency, if at all, for initiation of RNA synthesis. Most of the virus-specific transcripts were smaller than authentic M-MuLV mRNA and confined to the oocyte nucleus. Using immunoprecipitation, we were not able to detect virus-specific proteins after injection of proviral DNA, whereas after injection of a comparable amount of M-MuLV mRNA viral protein was readily detectable.
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PMID:Transcription of cloned Moloney murine leukemia proviral DNA injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. 630 70

A recombinant DNA clone, named AL10, that contains murine leukemia virus (MuLV) related sequences was isolated from BALB/c mouse chromosomal DNA and examined in detail. Restriction endonuclease mapping revealed that the 10.5 kbp EcoRI insert consists of a 3.6 kbp left flanking cellular DNA region and a 6.9 kbp MuLV-related region that has a typical proviral LTR-gag-pol-env structure up to the EcoRI site in the env gene region. Comparison of the AL10 map with ecotropic and xenotropic virus isolates revealed many common restriction sites in the LTR and pol gene regions, but much fewer in the leader and gag regions. A stretch of 1,700 nucleotides containing the cellprovirus junctional region was sequenced and revealed transcriptional consensus signals and other structural features characteristic of MuLV LTRs, as well as two distinctive features: (a) a sequence of approximately 170 bp with direct and inverted terminal repeats not seen in infectious MuLV LTRs was identified in the U3 region between the "enhancer" region and the "CAT" box. This novel segment or its homologous sequences appear to be present in most of the endogenous MuLV-related LTRs and in other chromosomal locations of the mouse (b) The tRNA primer binding site is not complementary to proline tRNA, the primer for all known MuLVs, but is a 17/18 match with rat glutamine tRNA. The integration site of AL10 provirus was in a unique DNA region but contained an "Alu"-like short interdispersed repeat in the 5' adjacent cellular region. The AL10 proviral integration found in BALB/c was also apparent in RFM, AKR and SENCAR mouse cells but not in cells of NFS/N, C3H, HRS/J, SC-1, and a California Lake Casitas wild mouse.
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PMID:A novel sequence segment and other nucleotide structural features in the long terminal repeat of a BALB/c mouse genomic leukemia virus-related DNA clone. 631 May 6

The complete amino acid sequence of glycoprotein gp71A of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) is presented. The protein moiety of gp71A was digested with Staphylococcus aureus (SV8) protease, trypsin, and thermolysin. The sequences of the peptides were determined by the micro dansyl Edman procedure. gp71A is composed of 445 amino acid residues and contains eight oligosaccharide side chains, which are attached exclusively to asparagine by N-glycosyl bonds primarily in the COOH-terminal half of the polypeptide. gp71A is rich in proline (49 residues), tryptophan (16 residues), and cysteine (19 residues). Proline has the highest molar content (11%) of all amino acids. The prolines cluster in two segments. The most interesting one stretches between residue 233 and residue 283 and contains 18 prolines within 51 amino acids. This proline-rich domain most likely forms a flexible polyproline helix. The comparison of gp70 of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV gp70) with F-MuLV gp71A revealed that 70 amino acids have been exchanged and 9 residues have been deleted from Mo-MuLV gp70. The most striking alterations have taken place within the large polyproline segment (residues 247 to 281). In this part of the molecule 7 amino acids have been deleted in Mo-MuLV and 18 residues have been replaced. This evidence supports the proposal of Shinnick et al. [Shinnick, T. M., Lerner, R. A. & Sutcliffe, J. G. (1981) Nature (London) 293, 543-548] that this area is a "hot spot" for recombination.
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PMID:Complete amino acid sequence and glycosylation sites of glycoprotein gp71A of Friend murine leukemia virus. 631 May 44

By the use of recombinant DNA technology and microinjection in cultured cells, the molecular genetic elements involved in the evolution of a retrovirus with the multipotential to infect, transform and replicate in host cell, have been critically examined in this investigation. Recently we have identified and purified the integrated and proviral DNA sequences specific for two rat endogenous helper leukemia viruses, WR- RaLV , originated from a chemically induced wild rat fibrosarcoma, and RHHV , isolated from a chemically induced rat hepatoma, HTC-H1 (1). By using a multidisciplinary approach combining restriction endonuclease analysis, reverse phase V-column chromatography, agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blot transfer and filter nucleic acid hybridization, we were able to demonstrate that the rat helper leukemia viral DNA sequence was approximately 8.4-8.8 kb. The 8.8 kb RHHV DNA was molecularly cloned via the EK-1 certified vector pBR 322 plasmid into E. coli RRI cells. A successful recombinant clone, 8/32, that carried one entire RHHV 8.8 kb DNA sequence was mapped by restriction endonuclease analyses. Restricted DNA fragments of various sizes throughout the complete RHHV genome were isolated and purified for intranuclear microinjection into normal rat kidney cells. Release of type C infectious helper virus in these microinjected cells was investigated by superinfection on K-NRK, Kirsten sarcoma transformed non-producer cells. Recombination of the helper viral DNA sequence, en toto or of subgenomic sizes, carried in microinjected cells, with the sarcomagenic DNA sequence, carried in K-NRK cells, was also studied by genome-rescue and cell-transformation experiments. Our observations led to the conclusion that all critical genetic elements including the 5' LTR helper DNA sequence, gag, pol, and env genes, encoded for the biological activity of the type C helper virus resided within the 6.0 kb proximal to the 5' terminus of the endogenous rat type C helper virus DNA. They proved vitally essential for the recombination with the Src sequence during the evolution of an infectious, transforming and replication-competent retrovirus.
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PMID:Cloning of the rat endogenous helper leukemia virus DNA sequence and expression of the helper activity encoded by the cloned DNA sequence in normal rat kidney cells by microinjection. 632 7


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