Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the phenotypes of blast cells of 53 patients with acute leukemia by a modified streptavidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase (SAB-AP) labeling technique, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies [MoAb; anti-CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34, CD41, CD3, CD7, CD10, CD19, anti-HLA-DR, and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO)]. The selection of an optimal fixative solution for each antigen from five options of various combinations of formalin, acetone, methanol, and/or ethanol, successfully conserved cell morphology and improved specific reaction compared with the conventional methods which used a single fixative for multiple antigens. We compared the SAB-AP results with those obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) for surface markers in each case. High concordance rates for both positive and negative results were observed for each marker. However, positive reaction for some markers (anti-CD13, CD14, CD33, and CD34) were often noted only in the cytoplasm by the SAB-AP method, indicating that combination of these two methods is essential for the precise immunophenotyping of poorly differentiated leukemia cells.
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PMID:Usefulness of immunocytochemistry for phenotypical analysis of acute leukemia; improved fixation procedure and comparative study with flow cytometry. 771 39

In the course of our screening for new immunomodulators, a novel compound, melastin, was purified from the culture broth of Streptomyces. Melastin was purified through absorption to Diaion HP-20, ethanol precipitation, and anion exchange column as a brown powder. The molecular weight was estimated as 5000 +/- 3000 by gel filtration HPLC. Melastin suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced blastogenesis of B cells more profoundly than concanavalin A (con A)- or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis of T cells. Moreover, it selectively inhibited the growth of several leukemia cells as compared with interleukin-dependent nontransformed leukocytes. No selectivity was observed between nontransformed fibroblasts and their oncogene-transformed variants. Melastin did not selectively inhibit macromolecule synthesis of leukemia cells.
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PMID:Melastin, a novel product of Streptomyces that selectively inhibits leukemia cell growth. 776 86

The experiments have been undertaken whether DNA contents could be measured using whole blood lysis method by FACScan. Cell population in the phases of G1, S and G2 + M were well analyzed, when we used 3 x 10(6) cells lysed with 0.1% Triton X-100 in 1 ml of phosphate buffered saline, staining with 30 micrograms/ml of propidium iodide (PI) within 30 min after staining with PI. We have further developed cell cycle analysis for cells bearing lineage specific antigens recognized with FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies using two color analysis. When we fixed cells with 50% ice-cold ethanol after staining cells with FITC-conjugated antibodies, positive population ratio in these cells have been unchanged before and after fixing for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8. CD10, CD19, CD14, CD33, and HLA-DR, but CD7 positive cells were markedly decreased after fixing. Using this method, CD41 positive leukemia cells have 3.4% in S phase and 6.8% in G2 + M phase, while CD41 negative cells have 1.8% in S phase and 2.0% in G2 + M phase in a patient with AML: M7, resulting leukemia cells were rich in S phase and G2 + M phase. The similar results were obtained in patients with AML:M2 using CD33 antibodies. During the clinical course, the changes of the blast numbers were well-correlated with changes of S-phase proportion in the patient with AML:M2. Among 47 patients with hematological malignancies in our hospital tested here, only 2 cases with 4.3% of total patients showed to have aneuploidy in malignant cells. One is a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the other is myelodysplastic syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Analysis of DNA contents in hematological malignant cells using whole blood lysis method]. 799 13

The compound 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde (DEAB) is a potent inhibitor of cytosolic (class 1) aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in vitro and can overcome cyclophosphamide resistance in murine leukemia cells characterized by their high content of ALDH. In this study, we examined the in vivo effect of DEAB in mice on ethanol metabolism and on antipyrine clearance as a measure of the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity. DEAB administered in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg increased the blood acetaldehyde concentration and decreased the plasma acetate concentration in mice treated with ethanol. A pharmacokinetic approach demonstrated that DEAB in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg inhibited the fraction of ethanol converted to acetate by 32.5 and 67.5%, respectively. This inhibition was comparable with that produced by disulfiram. DEAB produced optimal inhibition of ALDH 10-15 min after administration. DEAB did not change the half-life or the total clearance of antipyrine. We conclude that DEAB is a potent inhibitor of ALDH in vivo and has no effect on the mixed function oxidase activity as determined by antipyrine clearance.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993 Dec
PMID:Effect of 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde on ethanol metabolism in mice. 811 35

CI-986 is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathway product biosynthesis from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. Because metabolites from these pathways have proinflammatory properties, CI-986 was evaluated in several acute and chronic models of inflammation and hyperalgesia. The compound inhibited swelling in the carrageenan footpad edema, Mycobacterium foot-pad edema and adjuvant arthritis models of inflammation with ID40 values of 1.0, 7.7., and 7.2 mg/kg, respectively. It was roughly equivalent in potency to the standard selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, naproxen (ID40 = 0.7, 6.3, and 3.8 mg/kg, respectively). CI-986 was also evaluated in the acetic acid induced writhing hyperalgesia assay (ID50 = 0.23 mg/kg) and was approximately equipotent with indomethacin (ID50 = 0.87 mg/kg). Although the effects of CI-986 were similar to those of standard nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the inflammation models, its gastrointestinal profile was unique. CI-986 caused no gastrointestinal irritation at doses up to 200 mg/kg in acute and chronic studies. In contrast, standard NSAIDs caused ulcers at doses of 3.7-37 mg/kg after a single dose. Moreover, CI-986 inhibited the release of LTC4 and PGE2 by gastric mucosa and reduced mucosal and vascular damage induced by oral administration of absolute ethanol to rats. These results indicate that CI-986 is a potent nonulcerogenic antiinflammatory agent with novel pharmacologic properties.
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PMID:The pharmacologic effects of 5-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4- hydroxyphenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione, choline salt (CI-986), a novel inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism in models of inflammation, analgesia and gastric irritation. 814 Feb 59

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labelled and unlabelled mitotic cells, respectively, can be discriminated from interphase cells using a new method, based on immunocytochemical staining of BrdUrd and flow cytometric four-parameter analysis of DNA content, BrdUrd incorporation, and forward and orthogonal light scatter. The method was optimized using the human leukemia cell lines HL-60 and K-562. Samples of 10(5) ethanol-fixed cells were treated with pepsin/HCl and stained as a nuclear suspension with anti-BrdUrd antibody, FITC-conjugated secondary antibody, and propidium iodide. Labelled mitoses could be discriminated from unlabelled mitoses, and from labelled and unlabelled G2 cells, by their intermediate log FITC fluorescence intensity. In addition, mitoses and G2 nuclei differed in forward and orthogonal light scattering, but had equal intensity of propidium iodide fluorescence. This method for discrimination of labelled mitoses was also tested on cultured normal adult human keratinocytes labelled with iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd). In keratinocytes, where the cell structure was preserved after pepsin/HCl, IdUrd labelled mitotic cells were similarly discriminated in the log FITC/propidium iodide fluorescence distribution. This interpretation was supported by experiments using mitotic arrest, fluorescence activated cell sorting and microscopy, and comparison with an alternative flow cytometric method for discrimination of mitoses.
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PMID:Discrimination of bromodeoxyuridine labelled and unlabelled mitotic cells in flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analysis. 816 2

Significant immunological changes occur following LP-BM5 murine leukemia retrovirus infection as well as chronic alcohol consumption. Retrovirus infection which has proceeded to murine AIDS permitted persistent Cryptosporidium infection, while non-retrovirus infected mice were resistant. Dietary alcohol provided until the day before parasite challenge did not affect resistance in controls, but increased the numbers of oocysts in the feces of retrovirus suppressed mice. Mortality was significant in retrovirus infected mice, and exacerbated slightly by dietary ethanol, while all controls survived parasite challenge. The retrovirus infected mice had greatly reduced numbers of intestinal CD4+ T helper cells and IgA+ B cells, which may explain their loss of intestinal resistance. Clearly, the severely immunosuppressed animals with murine AIDS were more sensitive to alcohol consumption than uninfected controls. This suggests that alcohol can synergize with murine retrovirus infection to exacerbate loss of resistance to an opportunistic pathogen common in human AIDS patients.
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PMID:Suppression by dietary alcohol of resistance to Cryptosporidium during murine acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 823 93

Traditional RNA isolation methods use chaotropic agents and anionic detergents to lyse cells and solubilize nucleic acids. In contrast, the cationic surfactant, Catrimox-14, lyses cells and simultaneously precipitates RNA, thereby protecting it from RNases. We describe and compare four methods for extracting RNA from cultured cells that differ in the technique used to extract the RNA from the precipitate. The first uses a high-salt solution (guanidinium isothiocyanate). In the second, the RNA is extracted with a polar solvent (formamide). The third involves conversion of the RNA to the sodium salt by treatment of the precipitate in situ with sodium acetate in ethanol. The fourth uses 2 M lithium chloride to convert the RNA in the pellet to the lithium salt in situ. We applied these methods to human leukemia cells growing in culture and each method resulted in excellent yields of RNA (typically 23 micrograms/million K562 cells, 13 micrograms/million HL-60 cells) over a wide range of cell concentrations (1 x 10(5) - 3 x 10(7)/ml) and of good to excellent quality as judged by agarose electrophoresis and UV absorbance data (OD260/280 1.90-2.05). The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
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PMID:Isolation of RNA from cells in culture using Catrimox-14 cationic surfactant. 829 44

The effects of inoculation of LP-BM5 murine leukemia retrovirus and chronic ethanol (5% v/v) ingestion on immunomodulation and Cryptosporidium parvum infection in C57BL/6 female mice were evaluated. The intestinal mucosae of retrovirally immunosuppressed animals were heavily colonized by Cryptosporidium parasites, and oocysts shedding in the feces persisted throughout the duration of the study. Mortality was exacerbated by murine retrovirus infection alone and exacerbated with concomitant chronic alcohol feeding (42.8 and 69.4%). Chronic ethanol ingestion decreased production of interferon-gamma and soluble interleukin-2 receptor released in supernatants of splenocytes when stimulated with concanavalin A, compared with the control group. Decreased production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 receptor was further exacerbated due to retrovirus infection. Tumor necrosis factor production by splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, however, was significantly increased because of retrovirus infection. LP-BM5 retrovirus infection alone as well as with concomitant ethanol feeding altered cytokine production, which might have led to immunodeficiency. These changes may help explain the enhanced persistence of Cryptosporidiosis.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993 Jun
PMID:Alcohol and murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suppression of resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection during modulation of cytokine production. 833 81

Bryostatin 1 is a novel antitumour agent derived from Bugula neritina of the marine phylum Ectoprocta. Nineteen patients with advanced solid tumours were entered into a phase I study to evaluate the toxicity and biological effects of bryostatin 1. Bryostatin 1 was given as a one hour intravenous infusion at the beginning of each 2 week treatment cycle. A maximum of three treatment cycles were given. Doses were escalated in steps from 5 to 65 micrograms m-2 in successive patient groups. The maximum tolerated dose was 50 micrograms m-2. Myalgia was the dose limiting toxicity and was of WHO grade 3 in all three patients treated at 65 micrograms m-2. Flu-like symptoms were common but were of maximum WHO grade 2. Hypotension, of maximum WHO grade 1, occurred in six patients treated at doses up to and including 20 micrograms m-2 and may not have been attributable to treatment with bryostatin 1. Cellulitis and thrombophlebitis occurred at the bryostatin 1 infusion site of patients treated at all dose levels up to 50 micrograms m-2, attributable to the 60% ethanol diluent in the bryostatin 1 infusion. Subsequent patients treated at 50 and 65 micrograms m-2 received treatment with an intravenous normal saline flush and they did not develop these complications. Significant decreases of the platelet count and total leucocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were seen in the first 24 h after treatment at the dose of 65 micrograms m-2. Immediate decreases in haemoglobin of up to 1.9g dl-1 were also noted in patients treated with 65 micrograms m-2, in the absence of clinical evidence of bleeding or haemodynamic compromise. No effect was observed on the incidence of haemopoietic progenitor cells in the marrow. Some patients' neutrophils demonstrated enhanced superoxide radical formation in response to in vitro stimulation with opsonised zymosan (a bacterial polysaccharide) but in the absence of this additional stimulus, no bryostatin 1 effect was observed. Lymphocyte natural killing activity was decreased 2 h after treatment with bryostatin 1, but the effect was not consistently seen 24 h or 7 days later. With the dose schedule examined no antitumour effects were observed. We recommend that bryostatin 1 is used at a dose of 35 to 50 micrograms m-2 two weekly in phase II studies in patients with malignancies including lymphoma, leukaemia, melanoma or hypernephroma, for which pre-clinical investigations suggest antitumour activity.
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PMID:A phase I study of intravenous bryostatin 1 in patients with advanced cancer. 834


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