Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A histological stain described by Menzies in 1963 has been useful in detecting early evidence of erythroleukemia (Friend disease) in mouse hemopoietic tissues fixed in formaldehyde solution. With the use of this stain, one can distinguish erythroblastic leukemia cells from lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
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PMID:A histological stain for detecting Friend leukemic cells in fixed hemopoietic tissue. 6 94

The major viral phosphoproteins (p12) of the Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) and the simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSAV) bind in vitro to their homologous 70S and 35S viral RNAs. Using purified 32P-labeled RNA and 125I-labeled p12 protein, complexes that are stabilized by formaldehyde-cross-linking can be readily detected after velocity gradient centrifugation. The in vitro reconstructed ribonucleoprotein complexes are seen only with p12 proteins incubated with viral RNAs isolated from the same type C viruses; no such complexes form with heterologous protein-RNA mixtures. Homologous but not heterologous p12 molecules compete with radiolabeled p12 protein for the specific viral RNA binding sites. The competition assay permits the detection of 10 ng of viral p12 protein. The major internal protein of type C viruses (p30) does not bind to viral RNA using identical assay conditions. From the specific activities of the radiolabeled components and also by equilibrium sedimentation analysis, we estimate that fewer than 15 molecules of p12 protein bind to each molecule of viral RNA. Both the specificity and stoichiometry of the p12-RNA interactions suggest that these RNA tumor virus proteins have a regulatory role in cells.
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PMID:Specific binding of the type C viral core protein p12 with purified viral RNA. 18 Nov 38

The safety and the efficacy of several feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccines for 16-week-old kittens were determined. Vaccines were derived from an FL74 lymphoblastoid cell line that has been in continuous tissue culture passage for about 4 years. The vaccines were made from living virus, formaldehyde-inactivated whole FL74 cells, and formaldehyde-inactivated whole virus. The efficacy of each produced vaccine was determined by challenge exposure of vaccinated cats with virulent FeLV. The two formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines were found to be safe for use in kittens. Neither vaccine produce a significant feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen or virus-neutralizing antibody response, nor did they prevent infection with virulent FeLV. The inactivated whole-virus vaccine, however, did substantially decrease the proportion of kittens infected with virulent FeLV that became persistently viremic. In contrast, the whole FL74 cell vaccine did not reduce the number of infected kittens that became persistently viremic. The live-virus vaccine was found to be both safe and efficacious. About a half of the kittens vaccinated with live virus had transient bone marrow infection that lasted from 2 to 4 weeks. Viral antigen was not detected in peripheral blood, and infective virus was not shed in saliva, urine, or feces during the period that the vaccinal virus could be recovered from the bone marrow. In addition, there was no horizontal spread of vaccinal virus from vaccinated to non-vaccinated cagemates. Within several weeks, vaccinated kittens demonstrated no clinical or hematologic abnormalities and had high serum levels of feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen and virus-neutralizing antibody. Kittens vaccinated with living FeLV were resistant to infection with virulent virus.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy studies of live- and killed-feline leukemia virus vaccines. 23 Jul 67

Fifteen cases of histologically proven hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) were studied with immunofluorescence, rosette, and phagocytosis techniques. Unfixed hairy cells (HC) bound all kinds of labelled antiserum; but after fixation with formaldehyde a much more selective binding was observed. In two cases no surface-bound Ig was detected; four cases showed gamma and in nine cases two or three heavy chains were found, alpha and delta being the most frequent. Few cases were clearly positive for mu. The picture was invariably monoclonal with respect to light chains. Cytoplasmic Ig was present in only 3/15 cases; it was always IgM. HC did not form E-rosettes or react with a fluorescent anti-T cell antiserum. No EAIgMC-rosettes were formed. All cases showed Fc receptors, which were detected with EAIgG-rosettes (13/13) or with antigen-antibody complexes (6/6). The density of Fc receptors varied widely. Incubation with latex particles resulted in cell-associated particles in 16-63% of the HC; with Staphylococcus epidermidis, the percentage was 2-36. After enzyme treatment (lysostaphin), however, no ingested bacteria were found, which suggests that HC are essentially non-phagocytic. At least 13 cases were therefore classified as B-cell malignancies.
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PMID:Hairy-cell leukaemia: a B-lymphocytic disorder. 38 Jun 27

Two groups of adult CBA mice were immunized with 10-7 allogeneic Moloney lymphoma (YAC) cells. These YAC (H-2a) cells, which were either irradiated with 6000 R (Group i) or were formaldehyde fixed (Group II), were injected i.p. at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. Four days following the last injection, sera and lymphocytes were collected and tested in vitro for activity against either allospecific antigens (H-2d target cells) or viral-specific antigens, namely, Moloney leukemia virus (MLV). Both groups of animals developed measurable cellular and humoral immunity to the virally determined antigens. However, only the animals in Group i, immunized with irradiated cells, developed detectable immunity to H-2d. Immune and control lymphocytes were tested in microcytotoxicity tests and by 51Cr release. Antibody was assessed by complement-dependent cytotoxicity, indirect membrane immunofluorescence, virus neutralization, and antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Group I serum, which had both anti-MLV and anti-H-2 antibodies, was absorbed with either living or formaldehyde-fixed YAC cells. The living cells were able to remove both H-2 and MLV antibodies. On the other hand, the formaldehyde-fixed cells removed no H-2 antibody but were able to remove MLV antibody, although less efficiently than living cells. These data indicate that formaldehyde fixation selectively impaired the H-2 antigens, leaving the viral antigenicity relatively intact. Differences between the immune responses to MLV-determined antigens and to H-2 antigens were demonstrated in many of the parallel in vitro tests.
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PMID:Comparison of the allospecific and viral-specific immune responses to irradiated versus formaldehyde-fixed allogeneic Moloney lymphoma cells in CBA mice. 109 Mar 67

FAB Cooperative Group has cited 3 or higher percentage in the peroxidase (PO) activity as one of criteria for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. We have previously reported in two cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) that there was a great difference between 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 3-amino 9-ethyl carbazole (3AC) as substrates for PO reaction. In order to confirm the previous result, we extended the cases and compared the PO activities in blood films taken from several leukemic subjects, which were fixed with various kinds of fixatives, using DAB and 3AC as substrates. Their peroxidase activities were also determined through electron microscopy (EM-PO). There were no differences among fixatives and substrates in staining normal granulocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes) and cells in 13 cases of leukemia, except for two cases, one with M4 and the other with relapse of M2. These showed the highest PO activity with 3AC staining and 10% formaldehyde acetone buffer for fixation. Besides, all types manifested the highest positivity in EM-PO, except for the relapse of M2 that showed a higher positivity in the peroxidase stain by 3AC staining, 10% formaldehyde acetone buffer fixation than the EM-PO. Unlike other leukemic blasts PO reaction products of blast cells of the two cases showed a scattered distribution of microscopic granules. These findings suggested the difference, which was seen in the previous reports, of the PO stain between two substrates might be due not only to sensitivity for staining but to the presence of some heterogeneity such as isoenzyme in the myeloperoxidase.
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PMID:[The sensitivity and specificity of various peroxidase stains--the difference between DAB and 3AC stainings]. 137 54

The cells of some human leukemia-lymphoma T cell lines (JURKAT, MOLT4), B cell lines (DAUDI, U-266) and of myeloid U-937 cell line were characterized for their surface membrane and cytoplasmic marker profiles. The usefulness of some fixation and permeabilization methods of cell membrane for detection of cytoplasmic markers by flow cytometry was studied. The methods of cell fixation in suspension were found to be more sensitive than the methods of cell fixation in smears. With the very short buffered formaldehyde-acetone (BFA) fixation used in this study an optimal penetration of the monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) through the plasma membrane and specific binding to the appropriate structures were achieved. CD22 antigen was detected in cytoplasm but not on membrane of DAUDI cells. In another B cell line, U-266, CD22 antigen was present both in cell membrane and cytoplasm. The marker corresponding to anti-CD19 MoAb was detected in cytoplasm but was absent on membrane of U-266 cells. Furthermore, the antigen estimated by anti-CD3 MoAb could be detected intracellularly in cells of both T cell lines tested, while it was absent on cell membrane of these cells. The phenotypic study of U-937 cells showed that the majority of cells expressed myeloid associated antigens. In our study the CD14 marker detected on cell surface membrane of U-937 cells was missing in their cytoplasm. The surface antigens remained intact after BFA fixation enabling a simultaneous detection of membrane and cytoplasmic markers in double immunofluorescence studies. Through this combination of markers minor cell populations could be detected. Human hematopoietic cell lines could serve as a reliable model system for a rapid and quantitative immunodiagnosis.
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PMID:Detection of cytoplasmic and surface membrane markers in cells of some human hematopoietic cell lines. 149 22

Leukaemia cells possess a latent form of a cell surface protease referred to as guanidinobenzoatase. Latency is due to complex formation between an inhibitor protein and the cell surface enzyme which is stable under acid conditions but is dissociated with formaldehyde treatment. The latent form of the cell surface protease has been used as a protecting mechanism during a preliminary step to stain all the nuclei of cells with haematoxylin. The enzyme-inhibitor complex was then dissociated and a combination of 9-amino acridine and propidium iodide employed to enable the fluorescent location of cells possessing active guanidinobenzoatase. We were thus able to visualise the nuclei by conventional light microscopy and simultaneously visualise the cell surface of leukaemia cells by fluorescent microscopy. This simple model system has provided technology applicable to the more complex analysis of neoplastic cells in cervical smears.
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PMID:The protective role of a natural inhibitor in the fluorescent location of cells possessing a latent form of cell surface protease. 169 Jul 94

The cytoskeleton is composed mainly of microtubules (MT), microfilaments, and intermediate filaments (IF) that form a structural network which connects cellular membranes, cytoplasmic organelles, and the nucleus. Since the cytoskeleton may be involved in modulating signal transduction and in the morphological and structural changes that occur during cellular proliferation and differentiation, cytoskeletal changes were measured by immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis during the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells induced by retinoic acid (RA). Differentiated HL-60 cells exhibited increased staining intensity and altered organization of MT and IF, as visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy with anti-tubulin monoclonal antibody and anti-vimentin antibody, respectively. A new procedure was developed and used to measure the content of the cytoskeletal components of HL-60 cells during the process of maturation. HL-60 cells were fixed with formaldehyde in an MT-stabilizing buffer, permeabilized using L-lysophosphatidylcholine, stained for immunofluorescent measurement with antibodies specific for particular cytoskeletal components, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Terminally differentiated cells produced by exposure to RA contained larger amounts of MT and the IF vimentin. During the course of the maturation process, a transient increase in the amounts of the microtubule-associated proteins, (MAPs) MAP2 and tau, occurred. An RA-supersensitive clone, designated HL-60/S4, and an RA-resistant clone, designated HL-60/R3, were developed by mutagenization and selection. Use of these clones supported the concept that the observed changes in MT, MAPs, and vimentin were associated with the differentiation process rather than being due to other effects produced by the retinoid. Thus, the findings suggest that changes in MT, MAPs, and IF are important to the terminal maturation of leukemia cells.
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PMID:Changes in microtubules, microtubule-associated proteins, and intermediate filaments during the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells. 173 56

Mannich bases of 5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,8-carbolactone 1 were prepared from various secondary amines or bulky primary amines and formaldehyde. They were isolated in almost all cases as hydrochlorides. These derivatives were submitted to in vitro antifungal and cytotoxic assays. The antifungal assays were performed against three strains of yeasts and five strains of human pathogenic fungi. Two of the tested compounds, 2i and 2j, exhibited interesting antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated towards L 1210 leukemia cells. Almost all of the Mannich bases had shown significant activity against this tumor cell line as values of IC50 less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml are considered interesting. Only one derivative 2 developed better cytotoxicity than the parent compound 1.
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PMID:Synthesis of Mannich bases of 5-hydroxynapthalene-1,8-carbolactone as potential antifungal or antitumor agents. 205 74


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