Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell cultures prepared from fetal murine liver were infected by Abelson murine leukemia virus. After about 2 weeks, proliferating cells of lymphoid morphology appeared in some of the cultures. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the initial culture medium greatly enhanced the appearance of the lymphoid cells. Immunoglobulin determinants were evident on the cells in some cultures. Continuous passage of the cells in certain cultures was possible and the passaged cells could form tumors after animal inoculation. Because Abelson murine leukemia virus is able to induce in vitro malignant transformation of lymphoid cells, it probably causes leukemia by directly affecting cellular growth control.
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PMID:In vitro transformation of lymphoid cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus. 16 84

Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) to allogeneic and syngeneic murine leukemia cells were generated in vitro in "one way" mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures carried out under a variety of conditions. In an attempt to define the optimal culture conditions for sensitization, the following parameters were analyzed: culture vessel, culture volume, responder: stimulator (R:S) cell ratio, lymphoid cell density, source of lymphoid cells, duration of culture, fetal calf serum (FCS) concentration, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) concentration, concentration of amino acids, and buffering system. Of the many variables examined, of particular importance were the R:S cell ratio, the cell density, the FCS concentration, the presence of 2-ME, and the time of harvesting. These factors exerted various effects, both quantitatively and qualitatively, on the magnitude and kinetics of the responses induced in microcultures (5 X 10(6) lymphocytes) and macrocultures (25 X 10(6) lymphocytes). Moreover, optimal sensitization in syngeneic cultures required different conditions than those for allogeneic cultures. Cytotoxic activity was assessed in vitro by a quantitative 51Cr-release assay. The sensitized lymphocytes demonstrated the characteristics ofT lymphocytes and reacted specifically with the sensitizing leukemia cells.
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PMID:In vitro induction of cell-mediated immunity to murine leukemia cells. I. Optimization of tissue culture conditions for the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. 18 2

The killing of the LR subline of the DBA/2J leukemia L1210/MTX by passive antibody was followed in vivo with 131I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled cells and whole-body measurement of retained radioactivity. The in vivo killing of LR cells was proportional to the in vitro 2-mercaptoethanol resistant titer, independent of the complement system, and radioresistant. Although a large percentage of the leukemic cells was killed in passively immunized mice, the protective effect of the passive antiserum was dependent on the active immune response of the host.
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PMID:Antibody-induced killing in vivo of L1210/MTX-R cells quantitated in passively immunized mice with 131I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled cells and whole-body measurement of retained radioactivity. 95 54

The lymphoblastic leukemia ERLD, induced by radiation in a C57BL/6 mouse, was established in culture. Three cell lines, ERLD/Y3, ERLD/T ERLD/Two, have been in culture for nearly three years. Their isolation and growth depended upon the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, glutamine, and asparagine in the medium. The cell lines, except ERLD/T, possess the TL antigen, a characteristic of ERLD and of other murine leukemia cells in vivo and of normal thymus cells of certain mouse strains, but not of C57BL/6. A distinctive submetacentric marker chromosome is also common to ERLD and the derived cell lines. The successful establishment of ERLD in culture provides a malignant thymocyte-related cell system for studies in nutrition and immunobiology.
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PMID:Radiation-induced murine leukemia ERLD in cell culture. 106 84

Propagation of the transplantable acute rat leukemia L5222 in vitro was highly dependent on the reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me). Maximum growth promotion was obtained in the simultaneous presence of 1.25-2.5 x 10-4m 2-Me and 30% fetal bovine serum in enriched tissue culture medium NCTC 135. A short exposure to the reducing agent insured growth of the leukemia cells for 5 days, but extended culture necessitated constant presence of the thiol. After 2-8 days of culture, inoculation of the cell suspension produced widespread leukemia in inbred BD IX rats.
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PMID:In vitro growth promotion of rat leukemia L5222 cells in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. 120 65

A D-galactose-specific agglutinin, named sinularian, has been isolated from the soft coral Sinularia sp. by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose 4B and by gel filtration on HPLC. Sinularian was a glycoprotein containing 11% sugar. It gave a single band corresponding to 78 kDa in SDS-PAGE, irrespective of a treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. Sinularian agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes and murine leukemia cells but not sheep or human ABO erythrocytes. Its hemagglutinating activity was Ca(++)-independent. Sinularian promoted binding of macrophages to tumor cells.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of an agglutinin of the soft coral Sinularia species. 135 64

ADF (adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor), an inducer of IL-2R with growth promoting activity, is a homologue of thioredoxin which is involved in many thiol-dependent reducing reactions. ADF is constitutively produced and released by human lymphoid cell lines transformed by lymphocyte-tropic viruses, such as human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We found that the viability and growth of these ADF high-producer cell lines (ATL-2, HUT102, MT-2, 3B6 and RPM18866) were highly dependent on L-cystine in the culture. In contrast to the relative cystine independency of ADF low-producer cells (Jurkat, Jijoye, U937 and K562), the growth of ADF high-producer cells was almost completely suppressed in L-cystine-free condition. Their viability and growth in L-cystine-free medium were markedly improved by 5 x 10(-5) M L-cysteine, 5 x 10(-5) M 2-ME or 10(-3) M GSH and partially by 10(-3) M DTT. The results demonstrate the requirement of reducing condition involving thiol compounds for the optimal growth of the virally transformed lymphoid cells. Furthermore, recombinant ADF (rADF) and suboptimal dose of 2-ME additively enhanced the growth of ATL-2 cells in L-cystine-free medium, implying the possible involvement of endogenous reducing agents such as ADF/thioredoxin homologue in the process of lymphocyte transformation/activation.
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PMID:Lymphocyte transformation and thiol compounds; the role of ADF/thioredoxin as an endogenous reducing agent. 154 2

Structure-activity studies with nine glycol alkyl ethers were conducted with a cellular leukemia transplant model in male Fischer rats. This in vivo assay measures the effects of chemical treatment on neoplastic progression in transplant recipients. Chemicals were given ad libitum in the drinking water simultaneously with the transplants and continued throughout the study. In all, 20 million leukemic cells were injected s.c. into syngeneic rats, which after 60 days resulted in a 10-fold increase in relative spleen weights, a 100-fold increase in white blood cell counts, and a 50% reduction in red blood cell (RBC) indices and platelet counts. At this interval, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-ME) given at a dose of 2.5 mg/ml in the drinking water completely eliminated all clinical, morphological, and histopathological evidence of leukemia, whereas the same dose of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-EE) reduced these responses by about 50%. Seven of the glycol ethers were ineffective as anti-leukemic agents, including ethylene glycol, the monopropyl, monobutyl, and monophenyl ethylene glycol ethers, diethylene glycol, and the monomethyl and monoethyl diethylene glycol ethers. 2-ME more than doubled the latency period of leukemia expression and extended survival for at least 210 days. A minimal effective dose for a 50% reduction in the leukemic responses was 0.25 mg/ml 2-ME in the drinking water (15 mg/kg body weight), whereas a 10-fold higher dose of 2-EE was required for equivalent antileukemic activity. In addition, the in vitro exposure of a leukemic spleen mononuclear cell culture to 2-ME caused a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the number of leukemia cells after a single exposure to 1-100 microM concentrations, whereas the 2-ME metabolite, 2-methoxyacetic acid, was only half as effective. The two glycol alkyl ethers with demonstrable anti-leukemic activity, 2-ME and 2-EE, also exhibited a favorable efficacy-to-toxicity ratio and should be considered for further development as chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:The chemotherapeutic potential of glycol alkyl ethers: structure-activity studies of nine compounds in a Fischer-rat leukemia transplant model. 235 63

Sixteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against TA34 antigen found on the surface of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) infected cells were prepared. These MAbs and one previously prepared anti-TA34 MAb (TAG34) recognized 34-kDa peptide not only in HTLV-I-infected cells, but also in cells infected with simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV-I), which is analogous in antigenicity and gene structure to HTLV-I. Radioimmuno-precipitation (RIP) tests with the MAbs showed that TA34 antigen had at least 3 overlapping epitope groups. The antigenicities of the TA34 antigens of HTLV-I-infected cells derived from various primates were investigated by immunofluorescence staining using 9 anti-TA34 MAbs. Cells from humans, apes and Old World monkeys reacted with all these antibodies, whereas cells from New World monkeys were stained by most of the antibodies, but little if at all by the remaining 2 (5A8 and TAG34). Similar results were obtained with various primate cells infected with STLV-I. All 17 MAbs used recognized a 22-kDa peptide in HTLV-I-infected cells cultured in the presence of tunicamycin. When incubated with 1% 2-mercaptoethanol at pH 7.2 at 37 degrees C, TA34 antigen lost its reactivity with TAG34, suggesting that the antigen has an intramolecular S-S bond. Twenty sera of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients did not react with TA34 antigen in RIP tests.
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PMID:Species-dependent antigenicity of the 34-kDa glycoprotein found on the membrane of various primate lymphocytes transformed by human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) and simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV-I). 244 51

A stable human T-cell hybridoma was established by cell fusion between activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes from an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation patient and the JD1-17 cell line, a subclone of the human T leukemia Jurkat cell line. This hybrid clone 1-8, which bore the surface phenotype of suppressor cells (CD8+HNK1+), spontaneously secreted a factor which, at high dilutions, suppressed the responses of T and B cells induced by mitogens and alloantigens. This suppressor factor was found to be heat-resistant (56 degrees C, 30 min), stable at alkaline but not acid pH, unaffected by 2-mercaptoethanol, and sensitive to trypsin. Preparative isoelectric focusing revealed an isoelectric point of 5.35. The suppressor activity was selectively absorbed by blast T cells. By gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and HPLC, the suppressor activity was found in two peaks corresponding to 40-45 kDa (monomer) and 90-95 kDa (dimer).
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PMID:Suppressor factor secreted by T hybridoma established from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a bone marrow transplantation patient. I. Establishment of human T-cell hybridoma and partial characterization of suppressor factor. 246 Feb 52


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