Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper concerns the analysis of the rank correlation between salt quantity sold (SQS) to the Henan inhabitants from 1964-66, 1974-76 and their mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and gastric cancer in 1974-76. Both sets of data were in agreement with each other, and were consistent with the geographical distribution of these two diseases. Correlation coefficients derived from such analysis were as follows: oesophageal cancer in males--0.61 (p less than 0.01); and in females--0.47 (p less than 0.01); gastric cancer in males--0.63 (p less than 0.01), and in females--0.54 (p less than 0.01). SQS was positively correlated with mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and gastric cancer whereas it was not correlated with cancers of the liver, lung cancer and leukaemia in males and cervical cancer in females. There was no significant difference between the relevant parameters of the high incidence area and those of the low incidence area. These findings show that salt intake such as salty vegetables and cured meat might be one of the risk factors inducing oesophageal and gastric cancers.
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PMID:Correlation between high salt intake and mortality rates for oesophageal and gastric cancers in Henan Province, China. 361 Apr 44

The antitumor alkaloid 11-hydroxy-(20S)-camptothecin was isolated from the woody tissue of Camptotheca acuminata. Structural proof derived from comparison with racemic 4 prepared by total synthesis. Antitumor activity of racemic 4 in L1210 leukemia in mice was considerably greater than that of natural (20S)-camptothecin and its sodium salt. There was also no toxic effect observed even at relatively high doses.
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PMID:Plant antitumor agents. 22. Isolation of 11-hydroxycamptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata Decne: total synthesis and biological activity. 373 24

Ametantrone acetate is an antineoplastic drug chemically described as 1,4-bis [[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino] ethyl]amino] -9,10-anthracenedione diacetate salt. The drug has activity against leukemia and solid tumors in animal models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teratogenic potential in pregnant rats and rabbits when administered during the critical period of organogenesis. Daily doses of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mk/kg were administered IP to pregnant rats on days 6 through 15 of gestation, and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg to rabbits on days 6 through 18. Dose-related weight loss occurred in both species during treatment as well as in the entire gestation period. Maternal and fetal parameters were evaluated upon uterotomies in rats on gestation day 20 and rabbits on day 28. In both species, there was dose-related blue discoloration of abdominal viscerae and of skin at injection sites. In rats, fetal malformations and developmental variations were comparable between treated and control fetuses. However, the incidence of fetal malformations was increased in rabbits given 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg but not at 0.2 mg/kg. Based on these data, ametantrone was considered teratogenic at dose levels of 0.4 mg/kg and above in rabbits.
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PMID:Teratology studies of ametantrone acetate in rats and rabbits. 379 63

Human myelogeneous leukemia cells in liquid culture can be induced to mature along the monocyte/macrophage pathway by a maturation inducer derived from the conditioned medium of activated human T lymphocytes. Serum-free conditioned medium was used for the isolation of the T-cell lymphokine. The maturation inducer was purified approximately equal to 6000-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, low-salt elution from DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m, and NaDodSO4/PAGE under nonreducing conditions. The molecular weight of the maturation inducer was 36,000-58,000 on NaDodSO4/PAGE. Terminal differentiation associated with inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation and expression of mature cell properties was observed with the isolated maturation inducer, identical to the activity observed with the unfractionated conditioned medium. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that the proportion of replicating S-phase cells was reduced from 40% to 7% after initial interaction of the maturation inducer with cells. The differentiating cells simultaneously acquired monocyte antigen, membrane complement receptors, phagocytic function, and monocyte/macrophage morphology. The maturation-inducing activity is dose-dependent, with more inducer causing the development of more mature cells in a shorter time period. The maturation inducer was shown to be stable after pH 2 treatment, independent of interleukin 2 and colony-stimulating factor, devoid of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferon, and not affected by antibody to interferon. The maturation inducer may play a role as a physiological regulator of monocytic and leukemia cell development.
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PMID:Human leukemia cell maturation induced by a T-cell lymphokine isolated from medium conditioned by normal lymphocytes. 387 47

Cultured leukemic lymphocytes originating from patients with T, B and non-T, non-B (null) leukemia were tested for their sensitivity to thymidine and 5-fluorouracil. T cells were found to be 5-7 fold more sensitive to thymidine growth inhibition than B-cells. At 10(-3) M concentration of thymidine, T cells showed a progressive (up to 75%) decline in the populating trypan blue-excluding cells, after 72 h. At this concentration of thymidine B cells showed slight inhibition at 24 and 48 h, then at 72 h the surviving cell level returned almost to the level of unperturbed cells. Thymidine at 10(-5) M concentration, caused 40% cell growth inhibition of T cells, however, at this concentration it had little or no effect on B cells. 5-fluorouracil effects on B and T lymphocytes are opposite to that of thymidine. B cells were on an average 5-7 times more sensitive to 5-FU than T cells. 5-FU at 10(-6) M caused up to 45% inhibition of B-cell growth but at this concentration it had no effect on the growth of T cells. B-, T- and null-lymphocytes sensitivity to thymidine and 5-FU was correlated with the level of the catabolic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. B cells had, on average, 5-fold more thymidine phosphorylase than T or null cells. Furthermore, the enzyme from the B-cell line (HR1K) chromatographed differently on DEAE-Sephadex than the normal peripheral blood lymphocytes enzyme. The normal enzyme from peripheral blood lymphocytes when adsorbed to DEAE-Sephadex was eluted at a salt concentration of 0.3 M KCI, Enzyme activities of HR1K did not adsorb to the DEAE-Sephadex column but were adsorbed to a phosphocellulose column. Enzyme from normal and leukemic lymphocytes showed similar molecular weights of 130,000 dalton as determined by gel filtration.
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PMID:The molecular basis for the differential sensitivity of B and T lymphocytes to growth inhibition by thymidine and 5-fluorouracil. 387 86

Azelaic acid (C9- -dicarboxylic acid) is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase and some oxidoreductase in vitro, and in vivo has a beneficial effect on lentigo maligna and malignant melanoma. A definite cytotoxic effect in cultures of malignant melanocytes was also reported. In order to establish if the cytotoxic effect of the diacid is exerted equally in the absence of tyrosinase, lymphoma- and leukemia-derived cell lines were cultured for 72 hr with 10(-3) M, 10(-2) M and 5 X 10(-2) M C9 disodium salt. Normal resting lymphocytes, lymphocytes activated by phytohemoagglutinin, and mouse Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts were also tested to study a possible effect of azelaic acid on DNA synthesis and cell duplication. At 10(-3) M C9 had no effect on the viability of all the cells tested; at 10(-2) M and 5 X 10(-2) M, C9 2Na had a 50-80% cytotoxic effect on lymphoma- and leukemia-derived cell lines, while at the same concentrations it was not toxic to normal lymphocytes, either resting or stimulated, or to 3T3 fibroblasts. The experiments on cellular incorporation of (1-9 14C) azelaic acid showed that the radiocarbon uptake was two to three times higher for lymphoma- and leukemia-derived cell lines than for lymphocytes, either resting or stimulated, or 3T3 fibroblasts. Biochemical analysis revealed that the diacid underwent beta-oxidation in all the cell cultures. Fractionated centrifugations of 3T3 fibroblasts cultured in the presence of radiolabelled azelaic acid (2 X 10(-4) M) plus cold C9 2Na (10(-2) M), showed that the radioactivity was mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm. The results, being similar to those obtained by adding azelaic acid to cultures of melanoma cells, suggest that the cytotoxic effect of azelaic acid may be due to interference with mitochondrial oxido-reductase enzymes, rather than with tyrosinase. The difference in reaction between lymphoma- and leukemia-derived cell lines and normal or stimulated lymphocytes, and 3T3 fibroblasts, could be explained on the basis of a different degree of permeability of the cell membrane, and/or to a possible different sensitivity of reaction of mitochondrial functions. A similar argument could be used to explain the absence of an effect of dicarboxylic acids upon normal as compared with hyperactive or malignant melanocytes in vivo.
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PMID:Activity of azelaic acid on cultures of lymphoma- and leukemia-derived cell lines, normal resting and stimulated lymphocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts. 400 85

Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species occurred in 24 hospitalized patients in a cancer institute during a 13-year period. All but one of these patients had a malignancy (88% had leukemia), and most were receiving chemotherapy for cancer. There was a striking numerical predominance of male patients (82%). Unlike some previously described patients with infections due to this organism, none of these 24 patients had recently been exposed to fresh or salt water or to fish. The source of the infecting organism was thought to be endogenous--i.e., from patients' own gastrointestinal tracts. The clinical presentation of sepsis caused by this organism was nonspecific, except that ecthyma gangrenosum occurred in several patients. The overall mortality rate was 28%. The combination of an aminoglycoside and a cephalosporin is appropriate therapy for bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species.
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PMID:Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species in hospitalized cancer patients. 402 26

A novel, substituted 4-quinolinecarboxylic acid (NSC 339768) demonstrated antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma in the National Cancer Institute's Developmental Therapeutics Program. An extensive analogue synthesis program was initiated; over 200 derivatives were synthesized and tested for anticancer activity. One of these compounds, 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid sodium salt, NSC 368390 (DuP-785), was selected for further investigation because of its efficacy against a spectrum of human solid tumors and its water solubility. In initial studies with L1210 leukemia, the compound caused an increase in life span of greater than 80%. The activity was schedule dependent, and the compound was equally efficacious when administered i.p., i.v., s.c., or p.o. In tests against human tumors xenografted under the renal capsule of nude mice, NSC 368390 when injected i.p. in doses of 20-40 mg/kg daily for 9 days inhibited the growth of the MX-1 breast, LX-1 lung, BL/STX-1 stomach, and CX-1 colon carcinomas by greater than 90%. NSC 368390 also inhibited the growth of three distinct human colon carcinomas, the HCT-15, clone A, and DLD-2 tumors, growing s.c. in nude mice. An i.p. dose of 25 mg/kg given daily for 9 days inhibited the growth of the DLD-2 colon cancer by 98%. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine and Adriamycin were ineffective, and fluorouracil was only moderately effective against these colon tumors. Because of its good activity against human colon tumors and other human carcinomas and its water solubility, NSC 368390 (DuP-785) is being developed as a Phase 1 anticancer agent.
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PMID:Activity of a novel 4-quinolinecarboxylic acid, NSC 368390 [6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinolinecarb oxylic acid sodium salt], against experimental tumors. 405 30

Ara-c entrapped into multilamella vesicles (MLV's) composed of PC:C (2:1) (phosphotidylcholine, cholesterol) or PC:SM (1:4) (sphingomyelin) was incubated in the simple salt medium at 37 degrees C for one hour. Its leakage from the liposomes was 5.6-17.6% but, in the presence of serum, the leakage was 35.7-49.1%. Having been incubated at 37 degrees C overnight, the leakage significantly increased but the leakage rate was the highest within the 1st hour. When ara-c entrapped into reverse evaporation vesicles (REV's) composed of PC:C (2:1) or PC:SM (1:4) was incubated in the simple salt medium at 37 degrees C for one hour, its leakage was 2.4-4.1% but, in the presence of serum, the leakage was 10.9-8.2%. When the liposomes were incubated at 37 degrees C overnight, the leakage gradually increased. Whether in the presence of serum or not, the leakage from REV's was much less than that from MLV's. There was no effect on the survival of L1210 leukemia mice when free ara-c was injected intraperitoneally once at the dose of 10 mg/kg, but when the same dose was given for five times, the increase rate in life span was 43.2--51.3%. When ara-c, entrapped into MLV's or REV's composed of PC:C (2:1) and PC:SM (1:4), was given at the dose of 10 mg/kg only once, the effect of intraperitoneal injection was more marked than that of intravenous injection. No effect was observed when free ara-c was continuously infused at the dose of 2 mg/kg once everyday for five days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Influencing factors in the leakage of liposome and arabinoside cytosine (ARA-C) entrapped in liposomes in treatment of L1210 mouse leukemia]. 408 12

A study was made of the DNA polymerase of reptilian type C virus isolated from Russell's viper spleen cells. Simultaneous detection experiments demonstrated the presence of 70S RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in reptilian type C virions. The endogenous activity was dependent on the addition of all four deoxynucleotide triphosphates and demonstrated an absolute requirement for a divalent cation. The reptilian viral DNA polymerase elutes from phosphocellulose at 0.22 M salt. In this respect, it is similar to the avian (avian myeloblastosis virus; AMV) viral enzyme but is different from the mammalian (Rauscher leukemia virus; RLV) viral enzyme which elutes at 0.4 M salt. The molecular weight of the viper DNA polymerase as estimated from glycerol gradient centrifugation is 109,000. It is a smaller enzyme than the AMV DNA polymerase (180,000 daltons) and somewhat larger than the RLV enzyme (70,000 daltons). A comparison of other properties of the type C reptilian DNA polymerase with the enzyme found in other type C oncogenic viruses is made.
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PMID:DNA polymerase in virions of a reptilian type C virus. 412 37


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