Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As a model of the growth hormone (GH) dependence of growth in prepuberty and puberty, the growth of 182 children (93 boys, 89 girls) who survived in first remission for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was examined. Chemotherapy regimens, including intrathecal methotrexate, were similar in all patients, but CNS treatment differed, in that one group received 2400 cGy cranial irradiation, while the other received 1800 cGy. There was a significant decrease in height SDS during prepuberty, which was equivalent in both sexes, whereas there was a much greater decrease in pubertal growth in girls than in boys. Girls treated with the lower dose regimen of cranial irradiation had their onset of pubertal maturation significantly advanced, to a mean of 9.9 years (p less than 0.001). Previous studies have indicated that the duration of puberty is shortened by GH treatment in patients with idiopathic multiple pituitary hormone deficiency or isolated GH deficiency (GHD). To determine whether an increase in the dose of GH administered during the adolescent growth spurt would improve final height, a prospective randomized trial was performed in 32 children (25 boys, 7 girls) with isolated GHD treated with a GH dose regimen of 15 IU/m2/week as daily s.c. injections. At the onset of the pubertal growth spurt, the patients were randomized either to an unchanged dose or to 30 IU/m2/week. There was no significant change in height velocity with the doubled dose of GH, but there was a trend in the advancement of pubertal maturation which was considered to be dose related. It is suggested that these findings are of relevance to the treatment of GHD in puberty, especially in girls with early or precocious puberty occurring as a consequence of low-dose cranial irradiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of growth hormone deficiency through puberty. 192 19

A total of 72 human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines were studied for reactivity with the monoclonal antibody (MAb) A7, an anti-human colon-cancer-cell-associated antigen reagent, by indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Nine of the 72 cell lines expressed the antigen recognized by A7 MAb. Five of the 34 T-cell lines, 2 of the 21 B-cell lines, and 2 of the 3 non-lymphoid-non-myeloid cell lines were reactive with A7 MAb. By means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, the antigens isolated from both colon cancer cell lines (WiDr, SW1116 and LoVo) and leukemia cell lines (A3/KAWAKAMI, H9, RPMI 8226 and SPI-801) showed an identical MW of 42-43 kDa. The non-glycosylated antigen recognized by A7 MAb, which was expressed on both the colon cancer line (SW1116) and the leukemia line (H9) in the presence of tunicamycin, also showed an identical MW of 36 kDa. However, the quantity of the antigen in the leukemia cells was significantly lower than in the colon cancer cells. Although expression of this colon-cancer-associated antigen in the non-colon cancer cells is real, the significant expression of this antigen in colon-cancer cells makes it useful for clinical monitoring of colon cancer patients.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of a colon-cancer-associated antigen expressed on leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. 199 51

(B10.A x A/WySn)F1, H-2a/a, mice are genetic nonresponders to the envelope protein of Friend murine leukemia helper virus (F-MuLV) when immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing F-MuLV env gene. In contrast these mice can be protectively immunized against leukemogenic Friend virus complex using formalin-fixed F-MuLV virions in CFA. To determine which viral proteins were responsible for this immune protection, virion proteins prepared by SDS-PAGE and electroelution were used to immunize mice. Purified gp70 envelope protein in CFA was capable of inducing strong immune protection against the challenge with Friend virus complex in H-2a/a mice. Immunologic studies demonstrated that immunized mice developed a virus-specific T cell proliferative response and showed IgM to IgG Ig class switching of virus-neutralizing antibodies. These results indicated that genetically controlled immune nonresponsiveness to F-MuLV envelope Ag in H-2a/a mice could be overcome using denatured viral envelope protein together with a strong adjuvant.
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PMID:Induction of protective immunity to Friend murine leukemia virus in genetic nonresponders to virus envelope protein. 203 65

The major nucleoside transporter of the human T leukemia cell line CEM has been identified by photoaffinity labeling with the transport inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR). The photolabeled protein migrates on SDS-PAGE gels as a broad band with a mean apparent molecular weight (75,000 +/- 3000) significantly higher than that reported for the nucleoside transporter in human erythrocytes (55,000) (Young et al. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2202-2208). However, after treatment with endoglycosidase F to remove carbohydrate, the NBMPR-binding protein in CEM cells migrates as a sharp peak with an apparent molecular weight (47,000 +/- 3000) identical to that reported for the deglycosylated protein in human erythrocytes (Kwong et al. (1986) Biochem. J. 240, 349-356). It therefore appears that the difference in the apparent molecular weight of the NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter between the CEM cell line and human erythrocytes is a result of differences in glycosylation. The NBMPR-binding protein from CEM cells has been solubilized with 1% octyl glucoside and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles by a freeze-thaw sonication technique. Optimal reconstitution of uridine transport activity was achieved using a sonication interval of 5 to 10 s and lipid to protein ratios of 60:1 or greater. Under these conditions transport activity in the reconstituted vesicles was proportional to the protein concentration and was inhibited by NBMPR. Omission of lipid or protein, or substitution of a protein extract prepared from a nucleoside transport deficient mutant of the CEM cell line resulted in vesicles with no uridine transport activity. The initial rate of uridine transport, in the vesicles prepared with CEM protein, was saturable with a Km of 103 +/- 11 microM and was inhibited by adenosine, thymidine and cytidine. The Km for uridine and the potency of the other nucleosides as inhibitors of uridine transport (adenosine greater than thymidine greater than cytidine) were similar to intact cells. Thus, although the nucleoside transporter of CEM cells has a higher molecular weight than the human erythrocyte transporter, it exhibits typical NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transport activity both in the intact cell and when reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles.
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PMID:Identification and reconstitution of the nucleoside transporter of CEM human leukemia cells. 211 49

This study evaluated the gene expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and the molecular weight of the cytotoxic factor in a subline of a rat basophilic leukaemia cell line, RBL-2H3. After IgE receptor triggering with a specific antigen that was associated with histamine release, cytotoxic activity in the cell lysates and supernatants increased for 2 hr during the culture of RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, calcium ionophore A23187 could induce release of histamine and cytotoxic activity from RBL-2H3 cells. However, compound 48/80, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were unable to induce the release of either histamine or cytotoxic activity from the cells. These data suggested that, at least in part, there was a common pathway in histamine release and production of cytotoxic activity. A protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, did not affect histamine release, but inhibited the induction of cytotoxic activity. This cytotoxic activity from RBL-2H3 cells was completely neutralized by anti-mouse TNF rabbit serum. With Northern blot analysis, mouse TNF cDNA probe could hybridize with RNA isolated from RBL-2H3 cells. TNF mRNA was induced as early as 1 hr after stimulation with specific antigen and decreased by 4 hr. Moreover, the molecular weight (MW) of the released cytotoxic factor from RBL-2H3 cells triggered with IgE receptors was approximately 17,000 by SDS-PAGE, which was compatible to that of TNF. Thus, it is concluded that the gene expression and production of TNF occurred in RBL-2H3 cells after IgE receptor triggering in association with histamine release, suggesting that TNF produced by basophils and mast cells may play an important role in allergic reaction through its wide range of biological activity.
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PMID:Gene expression and production of tumour necrosis factor by a rat basophilic leukaemia cell line (RBL-2H3) with IgE receptor triggering. 214 21

A polytropic recombinant retrovirus containing the envelope gene of Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus plus the remainder of the genome of an amphoropic murine leukemia virus was propagated on mouse embryo fibroblasts and mink lung cells. Virus particles, metabolically labeled with [2-3H]mannose, were harvested from the culture supernatants and lysed with detergents. The viral envelope glycoprotein was isolated from the lysates by immunoaffinity chromatography and purified by preparative SDS/PAGE. Oligosaccharides were liberated by sequential treatment of tryptic glycopeptides with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F and fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Individual glycans were characterized chromatographically, by methylation analyses and in part, by enzymic microsequencing. The results demonstrated that viral glycoproteins, synthesized in mouse embryo fibroblasts, carried as major constituents partially fucosylated diantennary, 2,4- and 2,6-branched triantennary and tetraantennary complex type N-glycans with 0-4 sialic acid residues and only small amounts of high-mannose type species with 5-9 mannose residues. As a characteristic feature, part of the complex type glycans contained additional Gal(alpha 1-3) substituents. Glycoprotein obtained from virions propagated on mink lung cells, contained partially fucosylated diantennary and 2,4-branched triantennary oligosaccharides with 1-3 sialic acid residues, in addition to trace amounts of high-mannose type species with 8 or 9 mannose residues. Thus, the results reveal that predominantly, the complex type N-glycans of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein display cell-specific variations including differences in oligosaccharide branching, sialylation and substitution by additional Gal(alpha 1-3) residues.
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PMID:Glycosylation of the envelope glycoprotein from a polytropic murine retrovirus in two different host cells. 217 68

Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) production in human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) cells was studied during monocytic differentiation induced by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24 nM; 3 days) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100 nM; 1 day), or during granulocytic differentiation induced by retinoic acid (1 microns; 4 days). Undifferentiated or differentiated HL-60 cells were labelled with [35S]methionine, and membrane-bound COX was solubilized and quantified by SDS/PAGE. Immunoprecipitated 35S-labelled COX from cells induced to differentiate into monocytic or granulocytic lineage were clearly detected on the autoradiograms as a protein of approx. 70 kDa molecular size, whereas only a very faint COX band was detected in untreated HL-60 cells. During both monocytic and granulocytic differentiation, COX activity (measured by the conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2) was dramatically increased. In addition, thromboxane synthesis was preferentially enhanced during monocytic differentiation. HL-60 cells, induced to differentiate into the monocytic or granulocytic lineage, provide a useful tool to investigate the cellular mechanisms involved in regulation of the synthesis of individual prostanoid-metabolizing enzymes.
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PMID:Induction of cyclo-oxygenase synthesis in human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) cells during monocytic or granulocytic differentiation. 217 83

In this report we describe, using a previously characterised monoclonal antibody (NC-2), the biochemical characteristics of a human leukaemia-associated alloantigen. Two proteins with molecular weights of 50 kDa and 15 kDa were immunoprecipitated from 125I surface labelled HL-60 cells. Both proteins appeared to be sensitive to digestion with trypsin, the 50 kDa protein in particular. Treatment with glycopeptidase F indicated the presence of N-linked oligosaccharides, whereas treatment with neuraminidase had no effect on the mobility of the antigens in SDS-PAGE indicating the absence of detectable sialic acid residues. Sensitivity to glycopeptidase F indicates that the reacting antigens are glycoproteins in nature. The antibody reacts with a range of normal tissues and appears to be associated with cytoplasmic granules in HL-60 cells.
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PMID:Biochemical characterisation studies on a leukocyte alloantigen expressed with high frequency in leukaemia patients. 223 48

Collagen I was isolated from human bone tissue and from mice bone tissue of the AKR-50 strain at the pronounced stage of leukosis. Dissimilarity of native and leukemic collagens was exhibited after evaluation of their amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel containing SDS, content of the carbohydrate moiety as well as of isopoints, elution profiles in reverse-phase chromatography and gel filtration and electron microscopy of SLS-crystallites. Impairments of collagen processing in leukemia appear to be responsible for its alterations in structure and properties.
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PMID:[Structure and properties of collagen in leukemia]. 225

Thymic hormonal factors were isolated from mouse thymus by two methods. (1) Thymic cytosols in phosphate buffer saline were filtered through Sephadex G100 with 0.1 M NH4HCO3 (pH 8.0) as buffer and the protein peaks were collected. (2) Protein having thymosin activity (F5) was isolated from thymic cytosols after heat inactivation, salt fractionation and desalting on Sephadex G25. Molecular weights of all the proteins were determined on SDS-PAGE. Biological activity of thymic proteins was studied by in vitro and in vivo assays, using synthetic thymosin alpha 1 as the standard. Thymocytes treated with different thymic proteins showed maximum stimulation at 16 h of incubation period. Preincubation of the thymocytes with the thymic proteins and subsequent incubation with Con-A decreased the stimulation index. Incubation of spleen lymphocytes with thymic proteins increased the percentage of Tdt+ cells. The antitumor effects of thymic proteins carried out on animals having leukemia, showed statistically significant results. Clinically however, the antitumor effects of the thymic proteins alone and in combination chemotherapy were negligible at 1 mg/kg body weight dose level.
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PMID:Response of lymphoid cells to thymic hormonal factors isolated from mouse thymus. 226 52


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